Purifying synthetic high-strength wastewater by microalgae chlorella vulgaris under various light emitting diode wavelengths and intensities

Journal of Environmental Health Science Engineering

Yongjun Zhao²  Cheng Yan¹  Yuejin Zhang²  Hui Zhang²  Zhigang Ge² 

[1] Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China;College of Biological Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, P.R. China

关键词: Light wavelength;    Light intensity;    High nitrogen loading;    High carbon loading;    Economic efficiency;    Chlorella vulgaris;   

Others  :  820699
DOI  :  10.1186/2052-336X-11-8

 received in 2013-01-13, accepted in 2013-06-02,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

The high-strength wastewater is now well known as a threat to the natural water since it is highly possible to arouse water eutrophication or algal blooms. The effects of various light emitting diode wavelengths and intensities on the microalgae biological wastewater treatment system was studied in this research. The various nutrient removals and economic efficiencies represented similar variation trends, and these variations under both high C and N loading treatments were similar too. The order for microalgae C. vulgaris reproduction in terms of dry weight and nutrient removal efficiency both were red > white > yellow > blue, under high carbon and nitrogen loading treatments, indicating that the red light was the optimum light wavelength. Furthermore, considering the optimal light intensity in terms of nutrient removal efficiency was 2500 and 2000 μmol/m²•s, while in terms of economic efficiency was 1000, 1500 and 2000 μmol/m²•s. Therefore, the optimum light intensity was found to be 2000 μmol/m²•s. In addition, the optimal experimental illumination time was determined as 120 h. The Chlorella vulgaris microalgae biological wastewater treatment system utilized in this research was able to purify the high-strength carbon and nitrogen wastewater effectively under optimum light wavelength and intensity.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Ge et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Chen M, Chen J, Sun F: Estimating nutrient releases from agriculture in China: an extended substance flow analysis framework and a modeling tool. Sci Total Environ 2010, 408:5123-5136.
• [2]Loria ER, Sawyer JE, Barker DW, Lundvall JP, Lorimor JC: Use of anaerobically digested swine manure as a nitrogen source in corn production. Agron J 2007, 99:1119-1129.
• [3]Terhoeven-Urselmans T, Scheller E, Raubuch M, Ludwig B, Joergensen RG: CO2 evolution and N mineralization after biogas slurry application in the field and its yield effects on spring barley. Appl Soil Ecol 2009, 42:297-302.
• [4]Grizzetti B, Bouraouia F, De Marsily G, Bidoglio G: A statistical method for source apportionment of riverine nitrogen loads. J Hydrol 2005, 304:302-315.
• [5]Kronvang B, Vagstad N, Behrendt H, Bogestrand J, Larsen SE: Phosphorus losses at the catchment scale within Europe, an overview. Soil Use Manage 2007, 23:104-116.
• [6]Ye F, Li XY: Enhancement of nitrogen removal in towery hybrid constructed wetland to treat domestic wastewater for small rural communities. Ecol Eng 2009, 35:1043-1050.
• [7]Zhao YJ, Yan C, Li YL, Li JH, Yang M, Nie E, Zheng Z, Luo XZ: Effect of C/N ratios on the performance of earthworm eco-filter for treatment of synthetics domestic sewage. Environ Sci Pollut R 2012, 19:4049-4059.
• [8]Ryckebosch E, Drouillon M, Vervaeren H: Techniques for transformation of biogas to biomethane. Biomass Bioenerg 2011, 35:1633-1645.
• [9]Wilkie AC, Mulbry WW: Recovery of dairy manure nutrients by benthic freshwater algae. Bioresour Technol 2002, 84:81-91.
• [10]Kumar MS, Miao ZHH, Wyatt SK: Influence of nutrient loads, feeding frequency and inoculum source on growth of Chlorella vulgaris in digested piggery effluent culture medium. Bioresour Technol 2010, 101:6012-6018.
• [11]Lim SL, Chu WL, Phang SM: Use of Chlorella vulgaris for bioremediation of textile wastewater. Bioresour Technol 2010, 101:7314-7322.
• [12]Phang SM, Chu WL: The University of Malaya Algae Culture Collection (UMACC) and potential applications of a unique Chlorella from the collection. Jpn J Phycol 2004, 52:221-224.
• [13]Lau PS, Tam NFY, Wong YS: Effect of algal density on nutrient removal from primary settled wastewater. Environ Pollut 1995, 89:59-66.
• [14]Chinnasamy S, Bhatnagar A, Hunt RW, Das KS: Microalgae cultivation in a wastewater dominated by carpet mill effluents for biofuel applications. Bioresour Technol 2010, 101:3097-3105.
• [15]Arroyo TH, Wei W, Ruan R, Hu B: Mixotrophic cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris and its potential application for the oil accumulation from non-sugar materials. Biomass Bioenerg 2011, 35:2245-2253.
• [16]Pilon L, Berberoglu H, Kandilian R: Radiation transfer in photobiological carbon dioxide fixation and fuel production by microalgae. J Quant Spectrosc Ra 2011, 112:2639-2660.
• [17]Chojnacka K, Noworyta A: Evaluation of Spirulina sp. growth in photoautotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultures. Enzyme Microb Technol 2004, 34:461-465.
• [18]Rochet M, Legendre L, Demers S: Photosynthetic and pigment responses of seaice microalgae to changes in light intensity and quality. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 1986, 101:211-226.
• [19]Javanmardian M, Palsson BO: High-density photoautotrophic algal cultures: design, construction, and operation of a novel photobioreactor system. Biotechnol Bioeng 1991, 38:1182-1189.
• [20]Zhao YJ, Zhang H, Chao X, Nie E, Li JH, He J, Zheng Z: Efficiency of two-stage combinations of subsurface vertical down-flow and up-flow constructed wetland systems for treating variation in influent C/N ratios of domestic wastewater. Ecol Eng 2011, 37:1546-1554.
• [21]Matthijs HCP, Balke H, Van Hes UM, Kroon BMA, Mur LR, Binot RA: Application of light-emitting diodes in bioreactors: flashing light effects and energy economy in algal culture (Chlorella pyrenoidosa). Biotechnol Bioeng 1996, 50:98-107.
• [22]OECD: Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals Simulation Tests-Aerobic Sewage Treatment. Technical Report. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); 1996:19-142.
• [23]APHA-AWWA-WPCF: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Washington DC: American Public Health Association; 1995:17-185.
• [24]SPSS: Analytical software. Chicago: SPSS Inc; 2003:10-79.
• [25]Su HY, Zhang YL, Zhang CM, Zhou XF, Li JP: Cultivation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in soybean processing wastewater. Bioresour Technol 2011, 102:9884-9890.
• [26]Wang B, Lan CQ: Biomass production and nitrogen and phosphorus removal by the green alga Neochloris oleoabundans in simulated wastewater and secondary municipal wastewater effluent. Bioresour Technol 2011, 102:5639-5644.
• [27]Das P, Lei W, Aziz SS, Obbard JP: Enhanced algae growth in both phototrophic and mixotrophic culture under blue light. Bioresour Technol 2011, 102:3883-3887.
• [28]Kebede E, Ahlgren G: Optimum growth conditions and light utilization efficiency of Spirulina platensis (= Arthrospira fusiformis) (Cyanophyta) from Lake Chitu, Ethiopia. Hydrobiologia 1996, 332:99-109.
• [29]Yang CF, Ding ZY, Zhang KC: Growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in wastewater from cassava ethanol fermentation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008, 24:2919-2925.
• [30]Bhatnagar A, Bhatnagar M, Chinnasamy S, Das K: Chlorella minutissima - a promising fuel alga for cultivation in municipal wastewaters. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010, 161:523-536.
• [31]Munoz R, Guieysse B: Algal–bacterial processes for the treatment of hazardous contaminants: A review. Water Res 2006, 40:2799-2815.
• [32]Jeong H, Lee J, Cha M: Energy efficient growth control of microalgae using photobiological methods. Renew Energ 2013, 54:161-165. in press
• [33]Zwietering MH, Jongenburger I, Rombouts FM, Vant Riet K: Modeling of the bacterial growth curve. Appl Environ Microb 1990, 56:1875-1881.
• [34]Hata JI, Hirai H, Taya M: Reduction in carbon dioxide emission, and enhancement of cell yield by control of light intensity in photomixotrophic batch culture of Marchantia polymorpha. Biotechnol Bioeng 2000, 89:288-291.