Rel/Nuclear factor-kappa B apoptosis pathways in human cervical cancer cells

Cancer Cell International

Marlene F Shehata¹ 

[1] Division of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, A1B 3V6, Canada

关键词: anti-apoptosis;    apoptosis;    cisplatin;    Xrel3;    NF-κB;    HeLa cells;    Cervical cancer;   

Others  :  796020
DOI  :  10.1186/1475-2867-5-10

 received in 2005-01-09, accepted in 2005-04-27,  发布年份 2005

【 摘 要 】

Cervical cancer is considered a common yet preventable cause of death in women. It has been estimated that about 420 women out of the 1400 women diagnosed with cervical cancer will die during 5 years from diagnosis. This review addresses the pathogenesis of cervical cancer in humans with a special emphasis on the human papilloma virus as a predominant cause of cervical cancer in humans. The current understanding of apoptosis and regulators of apoptosis as well as their implication in carcinogenesis will follow. A special focus will be given to the role of Rel/NF-κB family of genes in the growth and chemotherapeutic treatment of the malignant HeLa cervical cells emphasizing on Xrel3, a cRel homologue.

【 授权许可】

   
2005 Shehata; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Anonymous: National Cancer Institute of Canada. Canadian Cancer Statistics 2003.
• [2]Furomoto HIM, Irahara : Human papilloma virus (HPV) and cervical cancer. J Med Invest 2002, 49:124-133.
• [3]Munoz N, Bosch FX, Sanjose S, Herrero R, Castellsague X, Shah KV, Snijders PJ, Meijer CJ, International Agency for Research on Cancer Multicenter Cervical Cancer Study Group: Epidemiologic classification of human papillomavirus types associated with cervical cancer. N Engl J Med 2003, 348:518-527.
• [4]Garland SM: Human papillomavirus update with a particular focus on cervical disease. Pathology 2002, 34:213-224.
• [5]Josefson D: Mild cervical dysplasia often reverts to normal. BMJ 1999, 318:420.
• [6]Kim CJ, Jeong JK, Park M, Park TS, Park TC, Namkoong SE, Park JS: HPV oligonucleotide microarray-based detection of HPV genotypes in cervical neoplastic lesions. Gynecologic Oncology 2003, 89:210-217.
• [7]Park JS, Rhyu JW, Kim CJ, Kim HS, Lee SY, Kwon YI, Namkoong SI, Sin HS, Um SJ: Neoplastic change of squamo-columnar junction in uterine cervix and vaginal epitheluim by exogenous estrogen in hpv-18 URR E6/E7 transgenic mice small star, filled. Gynecologic Oncology 2003, 89:360-368.
• [8]Castellsague X, Bosch FX, Munoz N: Environmental co-factors in HPV carcinogenesis. Virus Research 2002, 89:191-199.
• [9]Ghim SJ, Basu PS, Jenson A: Cervical Cancer: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Treatment, and Future Vaccines. Asian Pac J Cancer 2002, 3:207-214.
• [10]Sisk EA, Robertson ES: Clinical implications of human papillomavirus infection. Front Biosci 2002, 1:e77-e84. Finzer,P, Lemarroy AA, Rosl F (2002). The role of human papillomavirus oncoproteins E6 and E7 in apoptosis. Cancer Letters, 188, 15-24
• [11]Heilmann V, Kreienberg R: Molecular biology of cervical cancer and its precursors. Curr Womens Health Rep 2002, 2:27-33.
• [12]Finzer P, Lemarroy AA, Rosl F: The role of human papillomavirus oncoproteins E6 and E7 in apoptosis. Cancer Letters 2002, 188:15-24.
• [13]zur Hausen A, van Beek J, Bloemena E, ten Kate FJ, Meijer CJ, van den Brule AJ: No role for Epstein-Barr virus in Dutch hepatocellular carcinoma: a study at the DNA, RNA and protein levels. J Gen Virol 2003, 84(7):1863-1869.
• [14]Yang X, Hao Y, Ferenczy A, Tang SC, Pater A: Overexpression of Anti-apoptotic Gene BAG-1 in Human Cervical Cancer. Experimental Cell Research 1999, 247:200-207.
• [15]Miller LJ, Marx J: Apoptosis. Science 1998, 281:1301-1304.
• [16]Fiers W, Beyaert R, Declercq W, Vandenabeele P: More than one way to die: apoptosis, necrosis and reactive oxygen damage. Oncogene 1999, 18:7719-7730.
• [17]Thornberry NA, Lazebnik Y: Caspases: Enemies Within. Science 1998, 281:1312-1316.
• [18]Nicholson DW: From bench to clinic with apoptosis-based therapeutic agents. Nature Insight 2000, 407:810-816.
• [19]Ashkenazi A, Dixit VM: Death receptors: Signalling and Modulation. Science 1998, 281:1305-1308.
• [20]Green DR, Reed JC: Mitochondria and Apoptosis. Science 1998, 281:1309-1312.
• [21]Yuan J, Yanker BA: Apoptosis in the nervous system. Nature Insight 2000, 407:802-809.
• [22]Rich T, Allen RLWAH: Defying death after DNA damage. Nature Insight 2000, 407:777-783.
• [23]Reed JC: Double identity for proteins of the Bcl-2 family. Nature 1997, 387:773-776.
• [24]Packham G, Brimmell M, Cleveland JL: Mammalian cells express two differently localized Bag-1 isoforms generated by alternative translation initiation. Journal of Biochemistry 1997, 328:807-813.
• [25]Green DR: Apoptotic Pathways: Paper Wraps Stone Blunts Scissors. Cell 2000, 102:1-4.
• [26]Savill J, Fadok V: Corpse clearance defines the meaning of cell death. Nature Insight 2000, 407:784-788.
• [27]Hengartner MO: The biochemistry of apoptosis. Nature Insight 2000, 407:770-776.
• [28]Meier P, Finch A, Evan G: Apoptosis in development. Nature Insight 2000, 407:796-801.
• [29]Boise LH, Gottschalk AR, Quintans J, Thonpson CB: Bcl-2 and Bcl-2-related proteins in apoptosis regulation. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1995, 200:107-121.
• [30]Evan G, Littlewood T: A Matter of Life and Cell Death. Science 1998, 281:1317-1322.
• [31]Boyd JM, Gallo GJ, Elangovan B, Houghton AB, Malstrom S, Avery BJ, Ebb RG, Subramanian T, Chittenden T, Lutz RJ: Bik, a novel death-inducing protein shares a distinct sequence motif with Bcl-2 family proteins and interacts with viral and cellular survival-promoting proteins. Oncogene 1995, 11(9):1921-1928.
• [32]Stuart JK, Myszka DG, Joss L, Mitchell RS, McDonald SM, Xie Z, Takayama S, Reed JC, Ely KR: Characterization of Interactions between the Anti-apoptotic Protein BAG-1 and Hsc70 Molecular Chaperones. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1998, 273:22506-22514.
• [33]Ferrer I, Planas AM: Signaling of cell death and cell survival following focal cerebral ischemia: life and death struggle in the penumbra. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2003, 62(4):329-339.
• [34]Rosenthal AN, Ryan A, Al-Jejani RM, Storey A, Harwood CA, Jacobs IJ: p53 codon 72 polymorphism and risk of cervical cancer in UK. Lancet 1998, 352:871-874.
• [35]Nakayama K, Takebayashi Y, Nakayama S, Hata K, Fujiwaki R, Fukumoto M, Miyazaki K: Prognostic value of overexpression of p53 in human ovarian carcinoma patients receiving cisplatin. Cancer Letters 2003, 192:227-235.
• [36]Famuboni AK, Graveling AJ, Markey AL, Minns FC, Patel A: Apoptosis. [http://www.portfolio.mvm.ed.ac.uk/studentwebs/session2/group28/index.html] webcite 2002.
• [37]Verma IM, Stevenson JK, Schwarz EM, Antwerp DV: Rel/NF-κB/IκB family: intimate tales of association and dissociation. Genes and Development 1995, 9:2723-2735.
• [38]Baeuerle PA, Baltimore D: IκB: A Specific Inhibitor of the NF-κB Transcription Factor. Science 1988, 242:540-546.
• [39]Govind S: Control of development and immunity by Rel transcription factors in Drosophila. Oncogene 1999, 18:6875-6887.
• [40]Castranova V, Chen F, Shi X, Demers LM: New Insights into the Role of Nuclear Factor-κB, a Ubiquitous Transcription Factor in the Initiation of Diseases. Clinical Chemistry 1998, 45:7-17.
• [41]Gerondakis S, Grossmann M, Nakamura Y, Pohl T, Grumont R: Genetic approaches in mice to understand Rel/NF-κB and IκB function: transgenics and knockouts. Oncogene 1999, 18:6888-6895.
• [42]Liou HC, Baltimore D: Regulation of the NF-κB /rel transcription factor and IκB inhibitor system. Current Opinion in Cell biology 1993, 5:477-487.
• [43]May MJ, Ghosh S: Signal transduction through NF-κB. Immunology Today 1998, 19:80-88.
• [44]Beg AA, Baldwin AS Jr: The IκB proteins: multifunctional regulators of Rel/NF-κB trancription factors. Genes and Development 1993, 7:2064-2070.
• [45]Garcia GE, Xia Y, Chen S, Wang Y, Ye RD, Harrison JK, Bacon KB, Zerwes HG, Feng L: NF-κB-dependent fractalkine induction in rat aortic endothelial cells stimulated by IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and LPS. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 2000, 67:577-584.
• [46]Henkel T, Machleidt T, Alkalay I, Kronke M, Ben-Neriah Y, Baeuerle PA: Rapid proteolysis of I kappa B-alpha is necessary for activation of transcription factor NF-kappa B. Nature 1993, 365:182-185.
• [47]Bassuk AG, Anandappa RT, Leiden JM: Physical interactions between Ets and NF-kappaB/NFAT proteins play an important role in their cooperative activation of the human immunodeficiency virus enhancer in T cells. Journal of Virology 1997, 71(5):3563-3573.
• [48]Hiscott J, Kwon H, Genin P: Hostile takeovers viral appropriation of the NF-kB pathway. J Clin Invest 2001, 107(2):143-151.
• [49]Shain KH, Jove R, Olashaw NE: Constitutive RelB Activation in v-Src-Transformed Fibroblasts: Requirement for I κB Degradation. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 1999, 73:237-247.
• [50]Hogerlinden MV, Rozell BL, Richter LA, Toftgard R: Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Increased Apoptosis in Skin with Inhibited Rel/Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling. Cancer research 1999, 59:3299-3303.
• [51]Manna SK, Mukhopadhyay A, Aggarwal BB: Resveratrol Suppresses TNF-Induced Activation of Nuclear Transcription Factors NF-κB, Activator Protein-1, and Apoptosis: Potential Role of Reactive Oxygen Intermediates and Lipid Peroxidation. The Journal of Immunology 2000, 164:6509-6519.
• [52]Miyamoto S, Maki M, Schmitt MJ, Hatanaka M, Verma IM: Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha is a signal for its degradation but not dissociation from NF-kappa B. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994, 91(26):12740-12744.
• [53]Collins T, Read MA, Neish AS, Whitley MZ, Thanos D, Maniatis T: Transcriptional regulation of endothelial cell adhesion molecules: NF-kappa B and cytokine-inducible enhancers. FASEB J 1995, 9(10):899-909.
• [54]Higgins KA, Coleman TA, McComas WA, Perez JR, Dorshkind K, Sarmiento UM, Rosen CA, Narayanan R: Antisense inhibition of the p65 subunit of NF-kappa B blocks tumorigenicity and causes tumor regression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993, 90(21):9901-9905.
• [55]Foo SY, Nolan GP: NF-κB to the rescue. Trends Genet 1999, 15:229-235.
• [56]Chen F, Castranova V, Shi X: New Insights into the Role of Nuclear Factor-κB in Cell Growth Regulation. American Journal of Pathology 2001, 159:387-397.
• [57]Madrid LV, Wang CY, Guttridge DC, Schottelius AJG, Baldwin AS Jr, Mayo MW: Akt Suppresses Apoptosis by Stimulating the Transactivation Potential of the RelA/p65 Subunit of NF-κB. Molecular and Cellular Biology 2000, 20:1626-1638.
• [58]Kim DW, Sovak MA, Zanieski G, Nonet G, Romieu-Mourez R, Lau AW, Hafer LJ, Yaswen P, Stampfer M, Rogers AE, Russo J, Sonenshein GE: Activation of NF-κB/Rel occurs early during neoplastic transformation of mammary cells. Carcinogenesis 2000, 21:871-879.
• [59]Wang W, Abbruzzese JL, Evans DB, Chiao PJ: Overexpression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator in pancreatic adenocarcinoma is regulated by constitutively activated RelA. Oncogene 1999, 18:4554-4563.
• [60]Mori N, Fujii M, Ikeda S, Yamada Y, Tomonaga M, Ballard DW, Yamamoto N: Constitutive Activation of NF-κB in Primary Adult T-Cell Leukemia Cells. Blood 1999, 2360-2368.
• [61]Cogswell PC, Guttridge DC, Funkhouser WK, Baldwin AS Jr: Selective activation of NF-κB subunits in human breast cancer: potential roles for NF-κB2/p52 and for Bcl-3. Oncogene 2000, 19:1123-1131.
• [62]Ondrey FG, Dong G, Sunwoo J, Chen Z, Wolf JS, Crowl-Bancroft CV, Mukaida N, Waes CV: Constitutive Activation of Transcription Factors NF κB, AP-1, and NF-IL6 in Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines that Express Pro-inflammatory and Pro-angiogenic Cytokines. Molecular Carcinogenesis 1999, 26:119-129.
• [63]Maggirwar SB, Sarmiere PD, Dewhurst S, Freeman RS: Nerve Growth Factor-Dependent Activation of NF-κB Contributes to Survival of Sympathetic Neurons. The Journal of Neuroscience 1999, 18:10356-10365.
• [64]Rudolph D, Yeh WC, Wakeham A, Rudolph B, Nallainathan D, Potter J, Elia AJ, Mak TW: Severe liver degeneration and lack of NF-κB activation in NEMO/IKKγ-deficient mice. Genes and Development 2000, 854-862.
• [65]Stehlik C, Rainer de Martin , Kumabashiri I, Schmid JA, Binder BR, Lipp J: Nuclear Factor (NF) – κB -regulated X-chromosome-linked iap Gene Expression Protects Endothelial Cells from Tumor Necrosis Factor α-induced Apoptosis. J Exp Med 1998, 188:211-216.
• [66]Ravi R, Bedi A, Fuchs EJ, Bedi A: CD95 (Fas)-induced Caspase-mediated Proteolysis of NF-κB. Cancer research 1998, 58:882-886.
• [67]Lake BB, Ford R, Kao KR: Xrel3 is required for head development in Xenopus laevis. Development 2001, 128(2):263-273.
• [68]Green A: Effect of Xrel3 on TGF-β Signalling Pathway in Human Cervical Cancer cells. Memorial University of Newfoundland; 2003.
• [69]Shehata M, Shehata M, Shehata F, Pater A: Dual apoptotic effect of Xrel3 c-Rel/NF-kappaB homolog in human cervical cancer cells. Cell Biol Int 2004, 28(12):895-904.
• [70]Shehata M, Shehata M, Shehata F, Pater A: Apoptosis Effects of Xrel3 c-Rel/Nuclear Factor-Kappa B homolog in Human Cervical Cancer Cells. Cell Biol Int, in press.
• [71]Fuertes MA, Castilla J, Alonso C, Perez JM: Novel concepts in the development of platinum antitumor drugs. Curr Med Chem Anti-Canc Agents 2002, 2:539-551.
• [72]Reedijk J: New Clues for platinum antitumor chemistry: Kinetically controlled metal binding to DNA. National Academy of Sciences 2003, 100:3611-3616.
• [73]Markman M: Intraperitoneal antineoplastic drug delivery: rationale and results. The Lancet Oncology 2003, 4:277-283.
• [74]Cusack JC Jr, Liu R, Baldwin AS Jr: Inducible Chemoresistance to 7-Ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]carbonyloxycamptothecin (CPT-11) in Colorectal Cancer Cells and a Xenograft Model Is Overcome by Inhibition of Nuclear Factor-κB Activation. Cancer Research 2000, 60:2323-2330.
• [75]Jones DR, Broad M, Madrid LV, Baldwin AS Jr, Mayo MW: Inhibition of NF-κB sensitizes non-small cell lung cancer cells to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Ann Thorac Surg 2000, 70:930-936.
• [76]Koivusalo R, Krausz E, Ruotsalainen P, Helenius H, Hietanen S: Chemoradiation of Cervical Cancer Cells: Targeting Human Papillomavirus E6 and p53 Leads to Either Augmented or Attenuated Apoptosis Depending on the Platinum Carrier Ligand. Cancer research 2002, 62:7364-7371.
• [77]Ponnappan U: Regulation of transcription factor NFkappa B in immune senescence. Frontiers in Bioscience 1998, 3:D152-168.