MyD88 is crucial for the development of a protective CNS immune response to Toxoplasma gondii infection

Journal of Neuroinflammation

Isabelle Dimier-Poisson¹  Samuel Leman⁴  Bernhard Ryffel³  Sonia Lacroix-Lamandé²  Rachel Guiton¹  Marbel Torres¹ 

[1] Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Immunologie Parasitaire, Vaccinologie et Biothérapies Anti-Infectieuses, Nouzilly, F-37380, France;Université de Tours, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Contrôle et Immunologie des Maladies Entériques du Nouveau-né, Tours, F-37000, France;INEM-UMR7355, 6218 Université-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Immunologie et Embryologie Moléculaire, Institut de Transgénose, 3B rue de la Férollerie, Orléans, 45071, France;UMR INSERM U930, Université François Rabelais, Imagerie et Cerveau, Equipe 4: Troubles Affectifs, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) Sciences et Techniques, Parc Grandmont, Tours, 37200, France

关键词: encephalitis;    BALB/c mice;    Toxoplasma gondii;    innate immunity;    MyD88;   

Others  :  1160043
DOI  :  10.1186/1742-2094-10-19

 received in 2012-06-14, accepted in 2012-12-14,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common parasitic infections in humans. It can establish chronic infection and is characterized by the formation of tissue cysts in the brain. The cysts remain largely quiescent for the life of the host, but can reactivate and cause life-threatening toxoplasmic encephalitis in immunocompromised patients, such as those with AIDS, neoplastic diseases and organ transplants. Toll-like receptor (TLR) adaptor MyD88 activation is required for the innate sensing of Toxoplasma gondii. Mice deficient in MyD88 have defective IL-12 and Th1 effector responses, and are highly susceptible to the acute phase of T. gondii infection. However, the role of this signaling pathway during cerebral infection is poorly understood and requires examination.

Method

MyD88-deficient mice and control mice were orally infected with T. gondii cysts. Cellular and parasite infiltration in the peripheral organs and in the brain were determined by histology and immunohistochemistry. Cytokine levels were determined by ELISA and chemokine mRNA levels were quantified by real-time PCR (qPCR).

Results

Thirteen days after infection, a higher parasite burden was observed but there was no histological change in the liver, heart, lungs and small intestine of MyD88^−/− and MyD88^+/+ mice. However, MyD88^−/− mice compared to MyD88^+/+ mice were highly susceptible to cerebral infection, displayed high parasite migration to the brain, severe neuropathological signs of encephalitis and succumbed within 2 weeks of oral infection. Susceptibility was primarily associated with lower expression of Th1 cytokines, especially IL-12, IFN-γ and TNF-α, significant decrease in the expression of CCL3, CCL5, CCL7 and CCL19 chemokines, marked defect of CD8⁺ T cells, and infiltration of CD11b⁺ and F4/80⁺ cells in the brain.

Conclusion

MyD88 is essential for the protection of mice during the cerebral installation of T. gondii infection. These results establish a role for MyD88 in T cell-mediated control of T. gondii in the central nervous system (CNS).

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Torres et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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