Spatial optimization of residential care facility locations in Beijing, China: maximum equity in accessibility

International Journal of Health Geographics

Mark W Rosenberg²  Teqi Dai¹  Yang Cheng¹  Zhuolin Tao¹ 

[1] School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekouwai Avenue, Beijing 100875, China;Department of Geography, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada

关键词: PSO algorithm;    Quadratic programming;    Accessibility;    Equity;    Residential care facilities;    Spatial optimization;   

Others  :  1141627
DOI  :  10.1186/1476-072X-13-33

 received in 2014-05-16, accepted in 2014-08-27,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

The residential care system is rapidly developing and plays an increasingly important role in care for the elderly in Beijing. A noticeable disparity in the accessibility to existing residential care facilities, however, is demonstrated in existing studies. The spatial optimization of residential care facility (RCF) locations is urgently needed to promote equal access to residential care resources among the elderly population.

Methods

A two-step floating catchment area method with an additional distance-decay function is adopted to measure accessibility to residential care facilities. The spatial optimization model is developed to maximize equity in accessibility by minimizing the total square difference between the accessibility score of each demand location and the weighted average accessibility score. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method is implemented for the solution.

Results

The optimized RCF layouts improve equal spatial access to residential care resources with very low accessibility standard variation (0.0066). A relatively large number of beds (51% of the total beds) to be located in the suburban districts between the central and periphery districts of Beijing are optimized. A smaller number of beds to be located in the central and periphery districts (33% and 16% respectively) are optimized. The gaps between the existing and optimized layouts suggest that more RCF beds (5961 beds) are needed in suburban districts, while the RCF beds in some subdistricts located in the central and periphery districts are oversupplied (5253 and 1584 surplus beds respectively).

Conclusions

The optimized results correspond to the municipal special plan proposed by the Beijing government. The optimization objective of this study is different from traditional facility location optimization models, and the method is efficient in maximizing equal access to residential care facilities. This method can support knowledge-based policy-making and planning of residential care facilities.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Tao et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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