Influence of Off-resonance in myocardial T1-mapping using SSFP based MOLLI method

Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

Michael Schacht Hansen¹  Andrew E Arai¹  Daniel A Herzka²  Peter Kellman¹ 

[1] National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10 Center Drive MSC-1061, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

关键词: SSFP;    Shim;    MOLLI;    Off-resonance;    Error;    T1 map;   

Others  :  812507
DOI  :  10.1186/1532-429X-15-63

 received in 2013-06-04, accepted in 2013-07-07,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

Myocardial T1-mapping methods such as MOLLI use SSFP readout and are prone to frequency-dependent error in T1-measurement. A significant error in T1 may result at relatively small off-resonance frequencies that are well within the region without banding artifacts.

Methods

The sensitivity of T1-estimates based on the SSFP based MOLLI sequence to errors in center frequency are calculated by means of a Bloch simulation and validated by phantom measurements. Typical off-resonance errors following local cardiac shimming are determined by field mapping at both 1.5 and 3.0T. In vivo examples demonstrate the artifactual appearance of T1-maps in the presence of off-resonance variation.

Results

Off-resonance varied 61.8 ± 15.5 Hz (mean ± SD, n = 18) across the heart at 1.5T and 125.0 ± 40.6 Hz (mean ± SD, n = 18) at 3.0T. For T1 = 1000 ms, the variation in T1 due to off-resonance variation was approximately 20 ms at 62 Hz, and > 50 ms at 125 Hz.

Conclusions

Regional variations due to the inability to completely shim the B0-field variation around the heart appear as regional variation in T1, which is artifactual.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Kellman et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

Figure 8.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Bieri O, Scheffler K. Fundamentals of balanced steady state free precession MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2013. [Epub ahead of print]
• [2]Wieben O, Francois C, Reeder SB. Cardiac MRI of ischemic heart disease at 3T: potential and challenges. Eur J Radiology. 1008; 65(1):15-28.
• [3]Schar M, Kozerke S, Fischer SE, Boesiger P. Cardiac SSFP imaging at 3 Tesla. Magn Reson Med. 2004; 51:799-806.
• [4]Messroghli DR, Radjenovic A, Kozerke S, Higgins DM, Sivananthan MU, Ridgway JP. Modified look-locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) for highresolution T1 mapping of the heart. Magn Reson Med. 2004; 52:141-146.
• [5]Messroghli DR, Greiser A, Frohlich M, Dietz R, Schulz-Menger J. Optimization and validation of a fully-integrated pulse sequence for modified look-locker inversion-recovery (MOLLI) T1 mapping of the heart. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2007; 26:1081-6.
• [6]Flett AS, Hayward MP, Ashworth MT et al.. Equilibrium contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance for the measurement of diffuse myocardial fibrosis: preliminary validation in humans. Circulation. 2010; 122(2):138-144.
• [7]Sado DM, Flett AS, Moon JC. Novel imaging techniques for diffuse myocardial fibrosis. Future Cardiol. 2011; 7(5):643-50.
• [8]Schelbert E, Testa SM, Meier CG et al.. Myocardial extracellular volume fraction measurement by gadolinium cardiovascular magnetic resonance in humans: slow infusion versus bolus. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2011; 13:16. BioMed Central Full Text
• [9]Ugander M, Oki AJ, Hsu L-Y et al.. Extracellular volume imaging by MRI provides insight into overt and subclinical myocardial pathology. Eur Heart J. 2012; 33(10):1268-78.
• [10]Kellman P, Wilson JR, Xue H, Ugander M, Arai AE. Extracellular volume fraction mapping in the myocardium, Part 1: evaluation of an automated method. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2012; 14:63. BioMed Central Full Text
• [11]Kellman P, Wilson JR, Xue H, Bandettini WP, Shanbhag SM, Druey KM, Ugander M, Arai AE. Extracellular volume fraction mapping in the myocardium, Part 2: initial Clinical Experience. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2012; 14:64. BioMed Central Full Text
• [12]Karamitsos TD, Piechnik SK, Banypersad SM et al.. Noncontrast T1 mapping for the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013.00138-1. pii: S1936-878X, [Epub ahead of print]
• [13]Bull S, White SK, Piechnik SK et al.. Human non-contrast T1 values and correlation with histology in diffuse fibrosis. Heart. 2013. [Epub ahead of print]
• [14]Sado DM, White SK, Piechnik SK et al.. The identification and assessment of Anderson fabry disease by cardiovascular magnetic resonance non-contrast myocardial T1 mapping. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013. [Epub ahead of print]
• [15]Deichmann R, Haase A. Quantification of Tl Values by SNAPSHOT-FLASH NMR Imaging. J Magn Reson. 1992; 612:608-612.
• [16]Gai ND, Stehning C, Nacif M, Bluemke DA. Modified Look-Locker T(1) evaluation using Bloch simulations: Human and phantom validation. Magn Res Med. 2012. [Epub ahead of print]
• [17]Kellman P, Herzka DA, Hansen MS. Adiabatic inversion pulses for myocardial T1-mapping. Magn Res Med. 2013. [Epub ahead of print]
• [18]Deshpande VS, Chung YC, Zhang Q, Shea SM, Li D. Reduction of transient signal oscillations in True-FISP using a linear flip angle series magnetization preparation. Magn Reson Med. 2003; 49:151-157.
• [19]Hernando D, Kellman P, Haldar JP, Liang Z-P. Robust water/fat separation in the presence of large field inhomogeneities using a graph cut algorithm. Magn Reson Med. 2010; 63(1):79-90.
• [20]Piechnik SK, Ferreira VM, Lewandowski AJ, Ntusi NA, Banerjee R, Holloway C, Hofman MB, Sado DM, Maestrini V, White SK, Lazdam M, Karamitsos T, Moon JC, Neubauer S, Leeson P, Robson MD. Normal variation of magnetic resonance T1 relaxation times in the human population at 1.5 T using ShMOLLI. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2013; 15:13. BioMed Central Full Text
• [21]Kellman P, Arai AE, Xue H. T1 and extracellular volume mapping in the heart: estimation of error maps and the influence of noise on precision. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2013; 15(1):56. BioMed Central Full Text