Zinc ferrite nanoparticle-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in different human cells

Cell & Bioscience

Maqusood Ahamed¹  Mohd Javed Akhtar¹  Hisham A. Alhadlaq² 

[1] King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

关键词: Reactive oxygen species;    Cytotoxicity;    Human health;    HepG2;    A431;    A549;    Zinc ferrite nanoparticles;   

Others  :  1230702
DOI  :  10.1186/s13578-015-0046-6

 received in 2015-06-30, accepted in 2015-09-07,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Zinc ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) have shown potential to be used in biomedical field such as magnetic resonance imaging and hyperthermia. However, there is limited information concerning the biological response of zinc ferrite NPs. This study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of zinc ferrite NPs in three widely used in vitro cell culture models: human lung epithelial (A549), skin epithelial (A431) and liver (HepG2) cells. Zinc ferrite NPs were characterized by electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Cell viability, cell membrane damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), transcriptional level of apoptotic genes were determined in zinc ferrite NPs exposed cells.

Results

Zinc ferrite NPs were almost spherical shaped with an average size of 44 nm. Zinc ferrite NPs induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity (MTT and LDH) and oxidative stress (ROS and GSH) in all three types of cells in the dosage range of 10–40 µg/ml. Transcriptional level of tumor suppressor gene p53 and apoptotic genes (bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9) were up-regulated while the anti-apoptotic gene bcl-2 was down-regulated in cells after zinc ferrite NPs exposure. Furthermore, higher activity of caspase-3 and caspase-9 enzymes was also observed in zinc ferrite NPs treated cells. ROS generation, MMP loss and cell death in all three types of cells were abrogated by N-acetyl cysteine (ROS scavenger), which suggests that oxidative stress might be one of the plausible mechanisms of zinc ferrite NPs cytotoxicity. It is worth mentioning that there was marginally difference in the sensitivity of three cell lines against zinc ferrite NPs exposure. Cytotoxicity of zinc ferrite NPs were in following order; A549 > HepG2 > A431.

Conclusion

Altogether, zinc ferrite NPs induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in A549, A431 and HepG2 cells, which is likely to be mediated through ROS generation. This study warrants further investigation to explore the potential mechanisms of toxicity of zinc ferrite NPs in normal cells as well as in animal models.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Alhadlaq et al.

【 图 表 】

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