Movement of the external ear in human embryo

Head & Face Medicine

Tetsuya Takakuwa²  Katsumi Kose¹  Chigako Uwabe³  Shigehito Yamada³  Miho Kagurasho² 

[1] Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, Ibaragi, 305-8573, Japan;Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 606-8507, Sakyo-ku Shogoin Kawahara-cyo 53, Kyoto, Japan;Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan

关键词: MR imaging;    Human embryo;    Three-dimensional kinetics;    Internal ear;    External ear;   

Others  :  819413
DOI  :  10.1186/1746-160X-8-2

 received in 2011-08-11, accepted in 2012-02-01,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Introduction

External ears, one of the major face components, show an interesting movement during craniofacial morphogenesis in human embryo. The present study was performed to see if movement of the external ears in a human embryo could be explained by differential growth.

Methods

In all, 171 samples between Carnegie stage (CS) 17 and CS 23 were selected from MR image datasets of human embryos obtained from the Kyoto Collection of Human Embryos. The three-dimensional absolute position of 13 representative anatomical landmarks, including external and internal ears, from MRI data was traced to evaluate the movement between the different stages with identical magnification. Two different sets of reference axes were selected for evaluation and comparison of the movements.

Results

When the pituitary gland and the first cervical vertebra were selected as a reference axis, the 13 anatomical landmarks of the face spread out within the same region as the embryo enlarged and changed shape. The external ear did move mainly laterally, but not cranially. The distance between the external and internal ear stayed approximately constant. Three-dimensionally, the external ear located in the caudal ventral parts of the internal ear in CS 17, moved mainly laterally until CS 23. When surface landmarks eyes and mouth were selected as a reference axis, external ears moved from the caudal lateral ventral region to the position between eyes and mouth during development.

Conclusion

The results indicate that movement of all anatomical landmarks, including external and internal ears, can be explained by differential growth. Also, when the external ear is recognized as one of the facial landmarks and having a relative position to other landmarks such as the eyes and mouth, the external ears seem to move cranially.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Kagurasho et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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