Neighborhood disorder and screen time among 10-16 year old Canadian youth: A cross-sectional study

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

Ian Janssen²  Valerie Carson¹ 

[1] School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, 28 Division St., Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada;Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada

关键词: Youth;    Neighborhood disorder;    Screen time;   

Others  :  824861
DOI  :  10.1186/1479-5868-9-66

 received in 2011-08-24, accepted in 2012-05-31,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Background

Screen time activities (e.g., television, computers, video games) have been linked to several negative health outcomes among young people. In order to develop evidence-based interventions to reduce screen time, the factors that influence the behavior need to be better understood. High neighborhood disorder, which may encourage young people to stay indoors where screen time activities are readily available, is one potential factor to consider.

Methods

Results are based on 15,917 youth in grades 6-10 (aged 10-16 years old) who participated in the Canadian 2009/10 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Survey (HBSC). Total hours per week of television, video games, and computer use were reported by the participating students in the HBSC student questionnaire. Ten items of neighborhood disorder including safety, neighbors taking advantage, drugs/drinking in public, ethnic tensions, gangs, crime, conditions of buildings/grounds, abandoned buildings, litter, and graffiti were measured using the HBSC student questionnaire, the HBSC administrator questionnaire, and Geographic Information Systems. Based upon these 10 items, social and physical neighborhood disorder variables were derived using principal component analysis. Multivariate multilevel logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between social and physical neighborhood disorder and individual screen time variables.

Results

High (top quartile) social neighborhood disorder was associated with approximately 35-45% increased risk of high (top quartile) television, computer, and video game use. Physical neighborhood disorder was not associated with screen time activities after adjusting for social neighborhood disorder. However, high social and physical neighborhood disorder combined was associated with approximately 40-60% increased likelihood of high television, computer, and video game use.

Conclusion

High neighborhood disorder is one environmental factor that may be important to consider for future public health interventions and strategies aiming to reduce screen time among youth.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 2012 Carson and Janssen; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Must A, Tybor DJ: Physical activity and sedentary behavior: a review of longitudinal studies of weight and adiposity in youth. Int J Obes (Lond) 2005, 29(Suppl 2):S84-S96.
• [2]Healy GN, Owen N: Sedentary behaviour and biomarkers of cardiometabolic health risk in adolescents: an emerging scientific and public health issue. Rev Esp Cardiol 2010, 63:261-264.
• [3]Marshall SJ, Biddle SJ, Gorely T, Cameron N, Murdey I: Relationships between media use, body fatness and physical activity in children and youth: a meta-analysis. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004, 28:1238-1246.
• [4]Mark AE, Janssen I: Relationship between screen time and metabolic syndrome in adolescents. J Public Health (Oxf) 2008, 30:153-160.
• [5]Carson V, Janssen I: Volume, patterns, and types of sedentary behavior and cardio-metabolic health in children and adolescents. BMC Public Health 2011, 11:274. BioMed Central Full Text
• [6]Colley RC, Garriguet D, Janssen I, Craig CL, Clarke J, Tremblay MS: Physical activity of Canadian children and youth: Accelerometer results from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey. Health Rep 2011, 22:1-9.
• [7]Carson V, Kuhle S, Spence JC, Veugelers PJ: Parents' perception of neighbourhood environment as a determinant of screen time, physical activity and active transport. Can J Public Health 2010, 101:124-127.
• [8]Carson V, Pickett W, Janssen I: Screen time and risk behaviors in 10- to 16-year-old Canadian youth. Prev Med 2011, 52:99-103.
• [9]Janssen I, Boyce WF, Pickett W: Screen time and physical violence in 10 to 16-year-old Canadian youth. Int J Public Health 2012, 57:325-331.
• [10]Brown JD, Witherspoon EM: The mass media and American adolescents' health. J Adolesc Health 2002, 31:153-170.
• [11]Iannotti RJ, Kogan MD, Janssen I, Boyce WF: Patterns of adolescent physical activity, screen-based media use, and positive and negative health indicators in the U.S. and Canada. J Adolesc Health 2009, 44:493-499.
• [12]Martinez-Gomez D, Tucker J, Heelan KA, Welk GJ, Eisenmann JC: Associations between sedentary behavior and blood pressure in young children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2009, 163:724-730.
• [13]Baranowski T, Anderson C, Carmack C: Mediating variable framework in physical activity interventions. How are we doing? How might we do better? Am J Prev Med 1998, 15:266-297.
• [14]Sallis JF, Owen N: Physical activity and behavioral medicine. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA; 1999.
• [15]Van Der Horst K, Paw MJ, Twisk JW, Van Mechelen W: A brief review on correlates of physical activity and sedentariness in youth. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007, 39:1241-1250.
• [16]Gorely T, Marshall SJ, Biddle SJ: Couch kids: correlates of television viewing among youth. Int J Behav Med 2004, 11:152-163.
• [17]Sallis J, Owen N: Ecological models of health behavior. In Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice. 2nd edition. Edited by Glanz K, Lewis F, Rimer B. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco; 1997:462-485.
• [18]Davison KK, Birch LL: Childhood overweight: A contextual model and recommendations for future research. Obes Rev 2001, 2:159-171.
• [19]Elo IT, Mykyta L, Margolis R, Culhane JF: Perceptions of Neighborhood Disorder: The Role of Individual and Neighborhood Characteristics. Soc Sci Q 2009, 90:1298.
• [20]Molnar BE, Gortmaker SL, Bull FC, Buka SL: Unsafe to play? Neighborhood disorder and lack of safety predict reduced physical activity among urban children and adolescents. Am J Health Promot 2004, 18:378-386.
• [21]Wandersman A, Nation M: Urban neighborhoods and mental health. Psychological contributions to understanding toxicity, resilience, and interventions. Am Psychol 1998, 53:647-656.
• [22]Veitch J, Timperio A, Crawford D, Abbott G, Giles-Corti B, Salmon J: Is the neighbourhood environment associated with sedentary behaviour outside of school hours among children? Ann Behav Med 2011, 41:333-341.
• [23]Norman GJ, Schmid BA, Sallis JF, Calfas KJ, Patrick K: Psychosocial and environmental correlates of adolescent sedentary behaviors. Pediatrics 2005, 116:908-916.
• [24]Veugelers P, Sithole F, Zhang S, Muhajarine N: Neighborhood characteristics in relation to diet, physical activity and overweight of Canadian children. Int J Pediatr Obes 2008, 3:152-159.
• [25]Perez A, Mirchandani GG, Hoelscher DM, Brown HS, Brown HS: Crime rates and sedentary behavior among 4th grade Texas school children. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2008, 5:28. BioMed Central Full Text
• [26]Burdette HL, Whitaker RC: A national study of neighborhood safety, outdoor play, television viewing, and obesity in preschool children. Pediatrics 2005, 116:657-662.
• [27]Kimbro RT, Brooks-Gunn J, McLanahan S: Young children in urban areas: links among neighborhood characteristics, weight status, outdoor play, and television watching. Soc Sci Med 2011, 72:668-676.
• [28]Salmon J, Dunstan D, Owen N: Should we be concerned about children spending extended periods of time in sedentary pursuits even among the highly active? Int J Pediatr Obes 2008, 3:66-68.
• [29]Currie C, Samdal O, Boyce W, Smith B: Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children: a World Health Organization Cross-National Study. Research Protocol for the 2001/02 Survey. In Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; 2001.
• [30]Salmon J, Spence JC, Timperio A, Cutumisu N: Living environments. In Youth physical activity and sedentary behaviour: challenges and solutions. Edited by Biddle SA, Smith A. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL; 2008:403-428.
• [31]Simpson K, Janssen I, Craig WM, Pickett W: Multilevel analysis of associations between socioeconomic status and injury among Canadian adolescents. J Epidemiol Community Health 2005, 59:1072-1077.
• [32]Sampson RJ, Raudenbush SW: Seeing disorder: Neighborhood stigma and the social construction of "broken windows". Soc Psychol Q 2004, 67:319-342.
• [33]Caughy MO, O'Campo PJ, Patterson J: A brief observational measure for urban neighborhoods. Health Place 2001, 7:225-236.
• [34]Clarke P, Ailshire J, Melendez R, Bader M, Morenoff J: Using Google Earth to conduct a neighborhood audit: reliability of a virtual audit instrument. Health Place 2010, 16:1224-1229.
• [35]Rundle AG, Bader MD, Richards CA, Neckerman KM, Teitler JO: Using Google Street View to audit neighborhood environments. Am J Prev Med 2011, 40:94-100.
• [36]Pallant J: SPSS Survival Manual. Open University Press, New York, NY; 2007.
• [37]Schmitz KH, Harnack L, Fulton JE, Jacobs DR, Gao S, Lytle LA, Van Coevering P: Reliability and validity of a brief questionnaire to assess television viewing and computer use by middle school children. J Sch Health 2004, 74:370-377.
• [38]Griesbach D, Amos A, Currie C: Adolescent smoking and family structure. Europe Soc Sci Med 2003, 56:42-52.
• [39]Boyce W, Torsheim T, Currie C, Zambin A: The family affluence scale as a measure of national wealth: validation of an adolescent self-report measure. Soc Indic Res 2006, 78:473-487.
• [40]O'Loghlen S, Pickett JW, Janssen I: Active transportation environments surrounding Canadian schools. Can J Public Health 2011, 102:364-368.
• [41]Rothman KJ, Greenland S, Lash TL: Modern Epidemiology. 3rd edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA; 2008.
• [42]Zhang J, Yu KF: What's the relative risk? A method of correcting the odds ratio in cohort studies of common outcomes. JAMA 1998, 280:1690-1691.
• [43]Szklo M, Nieto FJ: Epidemiology beyond the basics. 2nd edition. Jones and Barlett Publishers, Sudbury, MA; 2007.
• [44]Davison KK, Lawson CT: Do attributes in the physical environment influence children's physical activity?. A review of the literature. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2006, 3:19. BioMed Central Full Text
• [45]Raudenbush SW, Sampson RJ: Ecometrics: Toward a science of assessing ecological settings, with application to the systematic social observation of neighborhoods. Sociol Methodol 1999, 29:1-41.
• [46]McGinn AP, Evenson KR, Herring AH, Huston SL, Rodriguez DA: Exploring associations between physical activity and perceived and objective measures of the built environment. J Urban Health 2007, 84:162-184.
• [47]Boehmer TK, Hoehner CM, Deshpande AD, Brennan Ramirez LK, Brownson RC: Perceived and observed neighborhood indicators of obesity among urban adults. Int J Obes (Lond) 2007, 31:968-977.
• [48]Oleckno WA: Essential epidemiology: Principles and applications. Waveland Press Inc., Long grove, Illinois; 2002.
• [49]Boyle MH, Willms JD: Place effects for areas defined by administrative boundaries. Am J Epidemiol 1999, 149:577-585.
• [50]Carson V, Iannotti RJ, Pickett W, Janssen I: Urban and rural differences in sedentary behavior among American and Canadian youth. Health Place 2011, 17:920-928.
• [51]Carson V, Spence JC, Cutumisu N, Cargill L: Association between neighborhood socioeconomic status and screen time among pre-school children: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2010, 10:367. BioMed Central Full Text
• [52]Nelson MC, Gordon-Larsen P, Song Y, Popkin BM: Built and social environments associations with adolescent overweight and activity. Am J Prev Med 2006, 31:109-117.
• [53]Ross CE, Mirowsky J: Neighborhood disorder, subjective alienation, and distress. J Health Soc Behav 2009, 50:49-64.
• [54]He M, Irwin JD, Sangster Bouck LM, Tucker P, Pollett GL: Screen-viewing behaviors among preschoolers parents' perceptions. Am J Prev Med 2005, 29:120-125.
• [55]Wahi G, Parkin PC, Beyene J, Uleryk EM, Birken CS: Effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing screen time in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2011, 165:979-986.
• [56]Ottawa Neighbourhood Watch[http://www.ottawapolice.ca/en/crimeprevention/neighbourhoodwatch/index.aspx webcite]
• [57]Jago R, Sebire SJ, Gorely T, Cillero IH, Biddle SJ: "I'm on it 24/7 at the moment": a qualitative examination of multi-screen viewing behaviours among UK 10-11 year olds. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2011, 8:85. BioMed Central Full Text
• [58]Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute: The 2010 Physical Activity Monitor. Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario; 2010.