The influence of HIV disease events/stages on smoking attitudes and behaviors: project STATE (Study of Tobacco Attitudes and Teachable Events)

BMC Public Health

Ellen R Gritz²  Roberto C Arduino¹  Yisheng Li³  Meredith K Buchberg²  Faith E Fletcher⁴  Damon J Vidrine² 

[1] Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School, 6431 Fannin, MSB 6.120, Houston, TX 77030-1439, USA;Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, P.O. Box 301439, Unit 1330, Houston, TX 77030-1439, USA;Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, P.O. Box 301402, Unit 1411, Houston, TX 77230-1402, USA;Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, 1603 West Taylor Street, MC 923, Chicago, IL 60612-4394, USA

关键词: Teachable events;    Underserved populations;    Cell phones;    HIV/AIDS;    Smoking cessation;   

Others  :  1145358
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2458-14-149

 received in 2013-12-09, accepted in 2013-12-20,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Given the increase in life expectancy among HIV-positive individuals attributable to antiretroviral therapies, cigarette smoking now represents one of the most salient health risks confronting the HIV-positive population. Despite this risk, very few efforts to date have been made to target persons living with HIV for smoking cessation treatment, and no efforts have been made to explore the role of cognitions and HIV disease events/stages on smoking outcomes. The purpose of the study, Project STATE (Study of Tobacco Attitudes and Teachable Events), is to prospectively examine the relationship between HIV events/stages, perceived impact of HIV disease, attitudes about cigarette smoking, and smoking behaviors.

Methods/Design

This study employs a prospective design. Patients are recruited at the time of their first physician visit at a large inner city HIV-clinic – Thomas Street Health Center (TSHC). Consenting participants then complete a baseline assessment. All participants are offered standard care smoking cessation treatment. Follow-up assessments are completed on four subsequent occasions: 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post-baseline. These follow-up assessments are scheduled to coincide with routine clinic appointments with their TSHC physicians. In addition, each participant is given a prepaid cell phone at the time of enrollment and asked to complete brief phone assessments weekly for the first three months of the study period.

Discussion

By evaluating events/stages of HIV disease as potential teaching moments for smoking cessation, findings from this study could be used to develop treatments tailored to an individual’s stage of HIV disease. This study design will enable us to carefully track changes in smoking behavior over time, and to link these changes to both the course of HIV disease and/or to the participant’s’ perceived impact of HIV. By identifying optimal time points for intervention, the findings from this study will have the potential to maximize the efficiency and efficacy of cessation treatments delivered in resource-limited settings. In addition, the findings will be instrumental in identifying specific constructs that should be targeted for intervention and will provide a strong foundation for the development of future cessation interventions targeting smokers living with HIV/AIDS.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Vidrine et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]CDC: Current cigarette smoking among adults--- United States, 2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2012, 61:889-894.
• [2]Burkhalter JE, Springer CM, Chhabra R, Ostroff JS, Rapkin BD: Tobacco use and readiness to quit smoking in low-income HIV-infected persons. Nicotine Tob Res 2005, 7(4):511-522.
• [3]Feldman JG, Minkoff H, Schneider MF, Gange SJ, Cohen M, Watts DH, Gandhi M, Mocharnuk RS, Anastos K: The association of cigarette smoking with HIV prognosis among women in the HAART Era--a report from the women’s interagency HIV study. Am J Public Health 2006, 96(6):1060-1065.
• [4]AMA TAMA: Health care needs of gay men and lesbians in the united states. Council on scientific affairs, American medical association. JAMA 1996, 275(17):1354-1359.
• [5]Greenwood GL, Paul JP, Pollack LM, Binson D, Catania JA, Chang J, Humfleet G, Stall R: Tobacco use and cessation among a household-based sample of US urban men who have sex with men. Am J Public Health 2005, 95(1):145-151.
• [6]Degenhardt L, Hall W: The relationship between tobacco use, substance-use disorders and mental health: results from the National Survey of Mental Health and Well-being. Nicotine Tob Res 2001, 3(3):225-234.
• [7]Breslau N, Johnson EO: Predicting smoking cessation and major depression in nicotine-dependent smokers. Am J Public Health 2000, 90(7):1122-1127.
• [8]Hajjeh RA, Conn LA, Stephens DS, Baughman W, Hamill R, Graviss E, Pappas PG, Thomas C, Reingold A, Rothrock G, et al.: Cryptococcosis: population-based multistate active surveillance and risk factors in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons. Cryptococcal Active Surveillance Group. J Infect Dis 1999, 179(2):449-454.
• [9]Nuorti JP, Butler JC, Gelling L, Kool JL, Reingold AL, Vugia DJ: Epidemiologic relation between HIV and invasive pneumococcal disease in San Francisco County, California. Ann Intern Med 2000, 132(3):182-190.
• [10]Nuorti JP, Butler JC, Farley MM, Harrison LH, McGeer A, Kolczak MS, Breiman RF: Cigarette smoking and invasive pneumococcal disease. Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Team. N Engl J Med 2000, 342(10):681-689.
• [11]Metersky ML, Colt HG, Olson LK, Shanks TG: AIDS-related spontaneous pneumothorax. Risk factors and treatment. Chest 1995, 108(4):946-951.
• [12]Diaz PT, Wewers MD, Pacht E, Drake J, Nagaraja HN, Clanton TL: Respiratory symptoms among HIV-seropositive individuals. Chest 2003, 123(6):1977-1982.
• [13]Shiboski CH, Neuhaus JM, Greenspan D, Greenspan JS: Effect of receptive oral sex and smoking on the incidence of hairy leukoplakia in HIV-positive gay men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1999, 21(3):236-242.
• [14]Chattopadhyay A, Caplan DJ, Slade GD, Shugars DC, Tien HC, Patton LL: Risk indicators for oral candidiasis and oral hairy leukoplakia in HIV-infected adults. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2005, 33(1):35-44.
• [15]Slavinsky J 3rd, Myers T, Swoboda RK, Leigh JE, Hager S, Fidel PL Jr: Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles in saliva of HIV-positive smokers with oropharyngeal candidiasis. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2002, 17(1):38-43.
• [16]Lifson AR, Neuhaus MS, Arribas JR, van den Berg-Wolf M, Labriola AM, Read TRH, Group ISS: Smoking-related health risks among persons with HIV in the strategies for management of antiretroviral therapy clinical trial. Am J Public Health 2010, 100(10):1896-1930.
• [17]Helleberg M, Afzal S, Kronborg G, Larsen CS, Pedersen G, Pedersen C, Gerstoft J, Nordestgaard BG, Obel N: Mortality attributable to smoking among HIV-1-infected individuals: a nationwide, population-based cohort study. Clin Infect Dis 2012, 56(5):727-734.
• [18]McBride CM, Emmons KM, Lipkus IM: Understanding the potential of teachable moments: the case of smoking cessation. Health Educ Res 2003, 18(2):156-170.
• [19]Becker MH: The health belief model and personal health behavior. Health Educ Monogr 1974, 2(4): .
• [20]Bandura A: Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; 1977.
• [21]Ajzen I, Fishbein M: Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; 1980.
• [22]Eriksen HR, Murison R, Pensgaard AM, Ursin H: Cognitive activation theory of stress (CATS): from fish brains to the Olympics. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2005, 30(10):933-938.
• [23]Leventhal H, Nerenz DR, Steele DJ: Illness representation and coping with health threats. In Handbook of Psychology and Health, volume IV: Social psychological aspects of health. Edited by Baum A, Taylor SE, Singer JE. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; 1984:219-252.
• [24]Broadbent E, Petrie KJ, Main J, Weinman J: The brief illness perception questionnaire. J Psychosom Res 2006, 60(6):631-637.
• [25]Henderson M, Safa F, Easterbrook P, Hotopf M: Fatigue among HIV-infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med 2005, 6(5):347-352.
• [26]Weiss D, Marmar C: The Impact of Event Scale -Revised. New York: Guildford; 1997.
• [27]Curry S, Wagner EH, Grothaus LC: Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for smoking cessation. J Consult Clin Psychol 1990, 58(3):310-316.
• [28]Curry SJ, Grothaus L, McBride C: Reasons for quitting: intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for smoking cessation in a population-based sample of smokers. Addict Behav 1997, 22(6):727-739.
• [29]Brewer NT, Weinstein ND, Cuite CL, Herrington JE: Risk perceptions and their relation to risk behavior. Ann Behav Med 2004, 27(2):125-130.
• [30]Wallston KA: The validity of the multidimensional health locus of control scales. J Health Psychol 2005, 10(5):623-631.
• [31]Wallston KA, Wallston BS, DeVellis R: Development of the multidimensional health locus of control (MHLC) scales. Health Educ Monogr 1978, 6(2):160-170.
• [32]Frankel MR, Shapiro MF, Duan N, Morton SC, Berry SH, Brown JA, Burnam MA, Cohn SE, Goldman DP, McCaffrey DF, et al.: National probability samples in studies of low-prevalence diseases. Part II: Designing and implementing the HIV cost and services utilization study sample. Health Serv Res 1999, 34(5 Pt 1):969-992.
• [33]Collins RL, Kanouse DE, Gifford AL, Senterfitt JW, Schuster MA, McCaffrey DF, Shapiro MF, Wenger NS: Changes in health-promoting behavior following diagnosis with HIV: prevalence and correlates in a national probability sample. Health Psychol 2001, 20(5):351-360.
• [34]Velicer WF, Diclemente CC, Rossi JS, Prochaska JO: Relapse situations and self-efficacy: an integrative model. Addict Behav 1990, 15(3):271-283.
• [35]Constructing a TpB questionnaire:Conceptual and methodological considerations http://www.people.umass.edu/aizen/pdf/tpb.measurement.pdf webcite
• [36]Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC: Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: Toward an integrative model of change. J Consult Clin Psychol 1983, 51(3):390-395.
• [37]Biener L, Abrams DB: The contemplation ladder: validation of a measure of readiness to consider smoking cessation. Health Psychol 1991, 10(5):360-365.
• [38]Cinciripini PM, Lapitsky L, Seay S, Wallfisch A, Kitchens K, Van Vunakis H: The effects of smoking schedules on cessation outcome: can we improve on common methods of gradual and abrupt nicotine withdrawal? J Consult Clin Psychol 1995, 63(3):388-399.
• [39]Gritz ER, Carr CR, Rapkin D, Abemayor E, Chang LJ, Wong WK, Belin TR, Calcaterra T, Robbins KT, Chonkich G, et al.: Predictors of long-term smoking cessation in head and neck cancer patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1993, 2(3):261-270.
• [40]Cinciripini PM, Lapitsky L, Seay S, Wallfisch A, Meyer WJ 3rd, van Vunakis H: A placebo-controlled evaluation of the effects of buspirone on smoking cessation: differences between high- and low-anxiety smokers. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1995, 15(3):182-191.
• [41]Cinciripini PM, Gray C: Development and validation of a coping skills scale for smoking cessation. Washington, DC: Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco; 1996.
• [42]Fagerstrom KO, Schneider NG: Measuring nicotine dependence: a review of the fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire. J Behav Med 1989, 12(2):159-182.
• [43]Pomerleau CS, Carton SM, Lutzke ML, Flessland KA, Pomerleau OF: Reliability of the fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire and the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence. Addict Behav 1994, 19(1):33-39.
• [44]Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Fagerstrom KO: The fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence: a revision of the fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire. Br J Addict 1991, 86(9):1119-1127.
• [45]Radloff LS: The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psych Measure 1977, 1(3):385-401.
• [46]Watson D, Clark LA, Tellegen A: Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. J Pers Soc Psychol 1988, 54(6):1063-1070.
• [47]Fiore MC, Bailey WC, Cohen SJ, Dorfman SF, Goldstein MG, Gritz ER, Heyman RB, Jean RC, Kottke TE, Lando HA, et al.: Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Services; 2000.
• [48]Justice AC, Holmes W, Gifford AL, Rabeneck L, Zackin R, Sinclair G, Weissman S, Neidig J, Marcus C, Chesney M, et al.: Development and validation of a self-completed HIV symptom index. J Clin Epidemiol 2001, 54(Suppl 1):S77-S90.
• [49]Vidrine DJ, Arduino RC, Gritz ER: The effects of smoking abstinence on symptom burden and quality of life among persons living with HIV/AIDS. AIDS Patient Care STDs . in press
• [50]Chesney MA, Ickovics JR, Chambers DB, Gifford AL, Neidig J, Zwickl B, Wu AW: Self-reported adherence to antiretroviral medications among participants in HIV clinical trials: the AACTG adherence instruments. Patient Care Committee & Adherence Working Group of the Outcomes Committee of the Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group (AACTG). AIDS Care 2000, 12(3):255-266.
• [51]Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR: Mini-mental state. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975, 12(3):189-198.
• [52]McCulloch CE, Searle SR: Generalized, Linear, and Mixed Models. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc; 2001.
• [53]Verbe G, Molenberghs G: Linear Mixed Models for Longitudinal Data. New York: Springer-Verlag; 2000.
• [54]Brown H, Prescott R: Applied Mixed Models in Medicine. West Sussex, England: John Wiley and Sons, Ltd; 1999.
• [55]Rucker DD, Preacher KJ, Tormala ZL, Petty RE: Mediation analysis in social psychology: Current practices and new recommendations. Soc Personal Psychol Compass 2011, 5(6):359-371.
• [56]MacKinnon DP, Lockwood CM, Williams J: Confidence limits for the indirect effect: Distribution of the product and resampling methods. Multivar Behav Res 2004, 39(1):99-128.
• [57]MacKinnon DP: Introduction to Statistical Mediation Analysis. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2008.
• [58]Preacher KJ, Hayes AF: SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput 2004, 36(4):717-731.
• [59]Preacher KJ, Hayes AF: Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behav Res Methods 2008, 40(3):879-891.
• [60]Hayes AF: Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Commun Monogr 2009, 76(4):408-420.
• [61]MacKinnon DP, Lockwood CM, Brown CH, Wang W, Hoffman JM: The intermediate endpoint effect in logistic and probit regression. Clin Trials 2007, 4(5):499-513.
• [62]Zhang D, Lin X, Raz J, Sowers M: Semiparametric stochastic mixed models for longitudinal data. J Am Statist Assoc 1998, 93(442):710-719.
• [63]Lin X, Zhang D: Inference in generalized additive mixed models by using smoothing splines. J Royal Stat Soc 1999, 61(Series B):381-400.
• [64]Li Y, Lin X, Müller P: Bayesian inference in semiparametric mixed models for longitudinal data. Biometrics 2010, 66(1):70-78.
• [65]Little RJA, Rubin DB: Statistical Analysis with Missing Data (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2002.