Predicting nicotine dependence profiles among adolescent smokers: the roles of personal and social-environmental factors in a longitudinal framework

BMC Public Health

Rutger CME Engels¹  Regina JJM Van den Eijnden²  Johannes Brug³  Brigitte Wanner⁴  Frank Vitaro⁴  Marloes Kleinjan¹ 

[1] Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, Nijmegen 6500 HE, The Netherlands;EMGO Institute VU, University Medical Centre, Van der Boechorststraat 7, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands;Faculty of Social Sciences, Utrecht University, PO-Box 80.140, Utrecht 3508 TC, The Netherlands;Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment (G.R.I.P), Univerity of Montréal, 3050 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J7, Canada

关键词: Parental/peer smoking;    Personality;    Nicotine dependence;    Smoking;    Adolescents;   

Others  :  1163779
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2458-12-196

 received in 2011-10-10, accepted in 2012-03-16,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Background

Although several studies have reported that symptoms of nicotine dependence can occur after limited exposure to smoking, the majority of research on nicotine dependence has focused on adult smokers. Insufficient knowledge exists regarding the epidemiology and aetiology of nicotine dependence among adolescent smokers. The objective of the present study is to identify the effects of theoretically driven social and individual predictors of nicotine dependence symptom profiles in a population-based sample of adolescent smokers.

Method

A longitudinal study among 6,783 adolescents (12 to 14 years old at baseline) was conducted. In the first and second year of secondary education, personality traits and exposure to smoking in the social environment were assessed. Two and a half years later, adolescents' smoking status and nicotine dependence symptom profiles were assessed. A total of 796 adolescents were identified as smokers and included in the analyses.

Results

At follow-up, four distinct dependence symptom profiles were identified: low cravings only, high cravings and withdrawal, high cravings and behavioural dependence, and overall highly dependent. Personality traits of neuroticism and extraversion did not independently predict nicotine dependence profiles, whereas exposure to smoking in the social environment posed a risk for the initial development of nicotine dependence symptoms. However, in combination with environmental exposure to smoking, extraversion and neuroticism increased the risk of developing more severe dependence symptom profiles.

Conclusions

Nicotine dependence profiles are predicted by interactions between personal and environmental factors. These insights offer important directions for tailoring interventions to prevent the onset and escalation of nicotine dependence. Opportunities for intervention programs that target individuals with a high risk of developing more severe dependence symptom profiles are discussed.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Kleinjan et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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