Epidemiological urinalysis of children from kindergartens of Can Gio, Ho Chi Minh City - Vietnam

BMC Pediatrics

Annie Robert⁶  Françoise Janssen⁵  Mong Hiep Tran Thi¹  Françoise Smets³  Thi Kim Hoa Pham⁷  Ngoc Hue Doan²  Thi Le Binh Doan⁴  Le Nhu Nguyet Dang⁶ 

[1] University of Medicine Pham Ngoc Thach, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam;Can Gio District Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam;Département de Pédiatrie, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium;Emergency Department, Children’s Hospital 2, Benh vien Nhi Dong 2, 14 Ly Tu Trong, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam;Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium;Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle Epidémiologie et Biostatistique, School of Public Health, Université catholique de Louvain, Clos Chapelle-aux-Champs 30 box B1.30.13 BE-1200, Brussels, Belgium;Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Can Gio, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

关键词: Vietnam;    Can Gio;    Urinary screening;    Dipstick;    Chronic kidney disease;   

Others  :  1144322
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2431-13-183

 received in 2013-06-21, accepted in 2013-11-06,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

Recent studies on Vietnamese children have shown that kidney diseases are not detected early enough to prevent chronic renal failure. The dipstick test is a simple and useful tool for detecting urinary abnormalities, especially in isolated or remote areas of Vietnam, where children have limited access to health care.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011 at seven kindergartens in Can Gio district, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Two thousand and twelve children, aged 3 to 5, were enrolled. Morning mid-stream urine samples were examined by dipstick. Children with abnormal findings were re-examined with a second dipstick and underwent further investigations.

Results

Urinalysis was available for 1,032 boys and 980 girls. Mean age was 4.4 ± 0.8 years. Urinary abnormalities were detected in 108 (5.5%) of the subjects. Among them, nitrituria and leucocyturia accounted for more than 50%. Positive fractions of proteinuria, hematuria, nitrituria, leucocyturia, and combined nitrituria and leucocyturia after two dipsticks were 0.1%, 0.1%, 2%, 1% and 0.3%, respectively. Abnormal findings were more common in girls than boys (p < 0.001), and higher in communes with very low (< 50 persons/km²) population density (14.3% vs 4.1%, p < 0.001). A renal ultrasound detected four cases of hydronephrosis and one case of duplication of ureter.

Conclusions

The prevalence of urinary abnormalities in asymptomatic children in South Vietnam demonstrates the need for hygiene education among parents. Training for dipstick usage for all medical staff at health stations, especially in remote areas and in places with very low population density, is also clearly necessary. Routine urinalysis can be set up if a close control is conducted at locations.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Dang et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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