Clostridium difficile infection among hospitalized HIV-infected individuals: epidemiology and risk factors: results from a case-control study (2002-2013)

BMC Infectious Diseases

Nicola Petrosillo³  Silvia D’Arezzo³  Emma Johnson²  Vincenzo Galati³  Simone Topino³  Fabrizio Taglietti³  Maria Serena Gallone¹  Esther García-Almodóvar⁵  Alexander W Friedrich⁴  Stefano Di Bella³ 

[1] Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy;University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK;National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani”, Via Portuense 292, Rome, 00149, Italy;Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Medical Centre, Groeningen, The Netherlands;Department of Internal Medicine, Manacor Hospital, Palma of Majorca, Spain

关键词: Gammaglobulins;    Albumin;    Risk factors;    Case-control;    AIDS;    HIV;    Clostridium difficile;   

Others  :  1174848
DOI  :  10.1186/s12879-015-0932-x

 received in 2015-01-27, accepted in 2015-04-15,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

HIV infection is a risk factor for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) yet the immune deficiency predisposing to CDI is not well understood, despite an increasing incidence of CDI among such individuals. We aimed to estimate the incidence and to evaluate the risk factors of CDI among an HIV cohort in Italy.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective case-control (1:2) study. Clinical records of HIV inpatients admitted to the National Institute for Infectious Disease “L. Spallanzani”, Rome, were reviewed (2002-2013). Cases: HIV inpatients with HO-HCFA CDI, and controls: HIV inpatients without CDI, were matched by gender and age. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with CDI.

Results

We found 79 CDI episodes (5.1 per 1000 HIV hospital admissions, 3.4 per 10000 HIV patient-days). The mean age of cases was 46 years. At univariate analysis factors associated with CDI included: antimycobacterial drug exposure, treatment for Pneumocystis pneumonia, acid suppressant exposure, previous hospitalization, antibiotic exposure, low CD4 cell count, high Charlson score, low creatinine, low albumin and low gammaglobulin level. Using multivariate analysis, lower gammaglobulin level and low serum albumin at admission were independently associated with CDI among HIV-infected patients.

Conclusions

Low gammaglobulin and low albumin levels at admission are associated with an increased risk of developing CDI. A deficiency in humoral immunity appears to play a major role in the development of CDI. The potential protective role of albumin warrants further investigation.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Di Bella et al.; licensee BioMed Central.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

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