A new dynamic in vitro modular capillaries-venules modular system: Cerebrovascular physiology in a box

BMC Neuroscience

Damir Janigro³  William Tierney²  Mohammed Hossain¹  Luca Cucullo⁴ 

[1] Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 44195, Cleveland, OH, USA;Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, 44105, Cleveland, OH, USA;Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, 44195, Cleveland, OH, USA;Current address: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 79106, Amarillo, TX, USA

关键词: Organ-on-a-chip;    Drug delivery;    Cerebral blood flow;    Transmural pressure;    Inflammation;    Atherosclerosis;    Venule;    Shear stress;    Neurological diseases;   

Others  :  1140450
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2202-14-18

 received in 2012-06-05, accepted in 2013-01-25,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

The study of the cerebrovascular physiology is crucial to understand the pathogenesis of neurological disease and the pharmacokinetic of drugs. Appropriate models in vitro often fail to represent in vivo physiology. To address these issues we propose the use of a novel artificial vascular system that closely mimics capillary and venous segments of human cerebrovasculature while also allowing for an extensive control of the experimental variables and their manipulation.

Results

Using hollow fiber technology, we modified an existing dynamic artificial model of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) (DIV-capillary) to encompass the distal post-capillary (DIV-venules) segments of the brain circulatory system. This artificial brain vascular system is comprised of a BBB module serially connected to a venule segment. A pump generates a pulsatile flow with arterial pressure feeding the system. The perfusate of the capillary module achieves levels of shear stress, pressure, and flow rate comparable to what observed in situ. Endothelial cell exposure to flow and abluminal astrocytic stimuli allowed for the formation of a highly selective capillary BBB with a trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER; >700 ohm cm²) and sucrose permeability (< 1X10^-u cm/sec) comparable to in vivo. The venule module, which attempted to reproduce features of the hemodynamic microenvironment of venules, was perfused by media resulting in shear stress and intraluminal pressure levels lower than those found in capillaries. Because of altered cellular and hemodynamic factors, venule segments present a less stringent vascular bed (TEER <250 Ohm cm²; P_sucrose > 1X10^-4 cm/sec) than that of the BBB. Abluminal human brain vascular smooth muscle cells were used to reproduce the venular abluminal cell composition.

Conclusion

The unique characteristics afforded by the DIV-BBB in combination with a venule segment will realistically expand our ability to dissect and study the physiological and functional behavior of distinct segments of the human cerebrovascular network.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Cucullo et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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