Good practice characteristics of diet and physical activity interventions and policies: an umbrella review

BMC Public Health

Johannes Brug⁴  Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij²  Gun Roos³  Marieke Hendriksen⁵  Matthijs van den Berg⁵  Aleksandra Luszczynska⁶  Karolina Horodyska¹ 

[1] Department of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 30b Ostrowskiego St, Wroclaw, 53238, Poland;Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, Ghent, 9000, Belgium;SIFO – National Institute for Consumer Research, Sandakerveien 24 C, Building B Oslo, Nydalen N-0405, , Oslo, Norway;VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, Amsterdam, 1081 BT, the Netherlands;National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven, 3721, the Netherlands;Trauma, Health, & Hazards Center, University of Colorado, 1861 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs 80933-7150, CO, USA

关键词: Systematic review;    Policy;    Intervention;    Good practice;    Diet;    Sedentary behavior;    Physical activity;   

Others  :  1090611
DOI  :  10.1186/s12889-015-1354-9

 received in 2014-10-07, accepted in 2015-01-05,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

This umbrella review aimed at eliciting good practice characteristics of interventions and policies aiming at healthy diet, increasing physical activity, and lowering sedentary behaviors. Applying the World Health Organization’s framework, we sought for 3 types of characteristics, reflecting: (1) main intervention/policy characteristics, referring to the design, targets, and participants, (2) monitoring and evaluation processes, and (3) implementation issues. This investigation was undertaken by the DEDPIAC Knowledge Hub (the Knowledge Hub on the DEterminants of DIet and Physical ACtivity), which is an action of the European Union’s joint programming initiative.

Methods

A systematic review of reviews and stakeholder documents was conducted. Data from 7 databases was analyzed (99 documents met inclusion criteria). Additionally, resources of 7 major stakeholders (e.g., World Health Organization) were systematically searched (10 documents met inclusion criteria). Overall, the review yielded 74 systematic reviews, 16 position review papers, and 19 stakeholders’ documents. Across characteristics, 25% were supported by ≥ 4 systematic reviews. Further, 25% characteristics were supported by ≥ 3 stakeholders’ documents. If identified characteristics were included in at least 4 systematic reviews or at least 3 stakeholders’ documents, these good practice characteristics were classified as relevant.

Results

We derived a list of 149 potential good practice characteristics, of which 53 were classified as relevant. The main characteristics of intervention/policy (n = 18) fell into 6 categories: the use of theory, participants, target behavior, content development/management, multidimensionality, practitioners/settings. Monitoring and evaluation characteristics (n = 18) were grouped into 6 categories: costs/funding, outcomes, evaluation of effects, time/effect size, reach, the evaluation of participation and generalizability, active components/underlying processes. Implementation characteristics (n = 17) were grouped into eight categories: participation processes, training for practitioners, the use/integration of existing resources, feasibility, maintenance/sustainability, implementation partnerships, implementation consistency/adaptation processes, transferability.

Conclusions

The use of the proposed list of 53 good practice characteristics may foster further development of health promotion sciences, as it would allow for identification of success vectors in the domains of main characteristics of interventions/policies, their implementation, evaluation and monitoring processes.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Horodyska et al.; licensee BioMed Central.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]World Health Organization: Global strategy on diet, physical activity and Health: Physical activity. WHO 2014. [http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/pa/en/]
• [2]European Union: White Paper: A Strategy for Europe on Nutrition, Overweight and Obesity related health issues. COM279 final. EU 2007. [http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2007:0279:FIN:EN:PDF]
• [3]Heath GW, Parra DC, Sarmiento OL, Andersen LB, Owen N, Goenka S, Montes F, Brownson RC: Evidence-based intervention in physical activity: lessons from around the world. Lancet 2012, 380(9838):272-281.
• [4]Abraham C, Johnson BT, de Bruin M, Luszczynska A: Enhancing reporting of behavior change intervention evaluation. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2014, 66(Suppl 3):S293-299.
• [5]Ory MG, Jordan PJ, Bazzarre T: The Behavior Change Consortium: setting the stage for a new century of health behavior-change research. Health Educ Res 2002, 17(5):500-511.
• [6]Michie S, Abraham C, Whittington C, McAteer J, Gupta S: Effective techniques in healthy eating and physical activity interventions: a meta-regression. Health Psychol 2009, 28(6):690-701.
• [7]Peters GJP, de Bruin M, Crutzen R: Everything should be as simple as possible, but no simpler: towards a protocol for accumulating evidence regarding the active content of health behaviour change interventions, Health Psych Rev 2013. doi:10.1080/17437199.2013.848409.
• [8]Glasgow RE, Emmons KM: How can we increase translation of research into practice? Types of evidence needed. Annu Rev Public Health 2007, 28(1):413-433.
• [9]Green LW, Glasgow RE: Evaluating the relevance, generalization, and applicability of research: issues in external validation and translation methodology. Eval Health Prof 2006, 29(1):126-153.
• [10]Khan LK, Sobush K, Keener D, Goodman K, Lowry A, Kakietek J, Zaro S: Recommended community strategies and measurements to prevent obesity in the United States. MMWR Recomm Rep 2009, 58(RR-7):1-26.
• [11]Boutron I, Moher D, Altman DG, Schulz KF, Ravaud P: the CONSORT Group: Extending the CONSORT statement to randomized trials of nonpharmacologic treatment: explanation and elaboration. Ann Intern Med 2008, 148(4):295-309.
• [12]Davidson KW, Goldstein M, Kaplan RM, Kaufmann PG, Knatterud GL, Orleans CT, Spring B, Trudeau KJ, Whitlock EP: Evidence-based behavioral medicine: what is it and how do we achieve it? Ann Behav Med 2003, 26(3):161-171.
• [13]Michie S, van Stralen MM, West R: The behaviour change wheel: a new method for characterising and designing behaviour change interventions. Implement Sci 2011, 6:42.
• [14]World Health Organization: Good practice appraisal tool for obesity prevention programmes, projects, initiatives and interventions. World Health Organization, Copenhagen, Denmark; 2011.
• [15]Lakerveld J, van der Ploeg HP, Kroeze W, Ahrens W, Allais O, Andersen LF, Brug J: Towards the integration and development of a cross European research network and infrastructure: The DEterminats of Diet and Physical Activity (DEDIPAC) Knowledge Hub. 2014. Int J of Behav Nutr Phys Act 2014, 11:143.
• [16]Khangura S, Konnyu K, Cushman R, Grimshaw J, Moher D: Evidence summaries: the evolution of a rapid review approach. Syst Rev 2012, 1:10.
• [17]Higgins J, Green S: Cochrane Handbook For Systematic Reviews Of Interventions. Wiley, Chichester, UK; 2008.
• [18]Bambra C, Gibson M, Sowden AJ, Wright K, Whitehead M, Petticrew M: Working for health? Evidence from systematic reviews on the effects of health and health inequalities of organizational changes to the psychosocial work environment. Prev Med 2009, 48(5):454-461.
• [19]Cislak A, Safron M, Pratt M, Gaspar T, Luszczynska A: Family-related predictors of body weight and weight-related behaviors among children and adolescents: a systematic umbrella review. Child Care Health Dev 2012, 38(3):321-331.
• [20]Safron M, Cislak A, Gaspar T, Luszczynska A: Micro-environmental characteristics related to body weight, diet, and physical activity of children and adolescents: a systematic umbrella review. Int J Environ Health Res 2011, 21(5):317-330.
• [21]Richardson L, Paulis WD, van Middelkoop M, Koes BW: An overview of national clinical guidelines for the management of childhood obesity in primary care. Prev Med 2013, 57(5):448-455.
• [22]Brener ND, Wechsler H, McManus T: How school healthy is your state? A state-by-state comparison of school health practices related to a healthy school environment and health eductation. J Sch Health 2013, 83(10):743-749.
• [23]Dombrowski SU, Sniehotta FF, Avenell A, Johnston M, MacLennan G, Araújo-Soares V: Identifying active ingredients in complex behavioural interventions for obese adults with obesity-related co-morbidities or additional risk factors for co-morbidities: a systematic review. Health Psychol Rev 2012, 6:7-32.
• [24]Ajie WN, Chapman-Novakofski KM: Impact of computer-mediated, obesity-related nutrition education interventions or adolescents: a systematic review. J Adolesc Health 2014, 54(6):631-645.
• [25]Avery KN, Donovan JL, Horwood J, Lane JA: Behavior theory for dietary interventions for cancer prevention: a systematic review of utilization and effectiveness in creating behavior change. Cancer Causes Control 2013, 24(3):409-420.
• [26]Besculides M, Zaveri H, Hanson C, Farris R, Gregory-Mercado K, Will J: Best practices in implementing lifestyle interventions in the WISEWOMAN program: adaptable strategies for public health programs. Am J Health Promot 2008, 22(5):322-328.
• [27]Bock C, Jarczok MN, Litaker D: Community-based efforts to promote physical activity: a systematic review of interventions considering mode of delivery, study quality and population subgroups. J Sci Med Sport 2013, 17(3):276-282.
• [28]Bossen D, Veenhof C, Dekker J, de Bakker D: The effectiveness of self-guided web-based physical activity interventions among patients with a chronic disease: a systematic review. J Phys Act Health 2014, 11(3):665-677.
• [29]Flynn MA, McNeil DA, Maloff B, Mutasingwa D, Wu M, Ford C, Tough SC: Reducing obesity and related chronic disease risk in children and youth: a synthesis of evidence with 'best practice' recommendations. Obes Rev 2006, 7(Suppl 1):7-66.
• [30]Golley RK, Hendrie GA, Slater A, Corsini N: Interventions that involve parents to improve children's weight-related nutrition intake and activity patterns - what nutrition and activity targets and behaviour change techniques are associated with intervention. Obes Rev 2011, 12(2):114-130.
• [31]Greaves CJ, Sheppard KE, Abraham C, Hardeman W, Roden M, Evans PH, Schwarz P: Systematic review of reviews of intervention components associated with increased effectiveness in dietary and physical activity interventions. BMC Public Health 2011, 11:119.
• [32]Hamel LM, Robbins LB: Computer‐ and web‐based interventions to promote healthy eating among children and adolescents: a systematic review. J Adv Nurs 2013, 69(1):16-30.
• [33]Hardeman W, Griffin S, Johnston M, Kinmonth AL, Wareham NJ: Interventions to prevent weight gain: a systematic review of psychological models and behaviour change methods. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000, 24(2):131-143.
• [34]Hendrie GA, Brindal E, Corsini N, Gardner C, Baird D, Golley RK: Combined home and school obesity prevention interventions for children: what behavior change strategies and intervention characteristics are associated with effectiveness? Health Educ Behav 2012, 39(2):159-171.
• [35]Husebø AM, Dyrstad SM, Søreide JA, Bru E: Predicting exercise adherence in cancer patients and survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of motivational and behavioural factors. J Clin Nurs 2013, 22(1–2):4-21.
• [36]Lee LL, Watson MC, Mulvaney CA, Tsai CC, Lo SF: The effect of walking intervention on blood pressure control: a systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud 2010, 47(12):1545-1561.
• [37]Nixon CA, Moore HJ, Douthwaite W, Gibson EL, Vogele C, Kreichauf S, Wildgruber A, Manios Y, Summerbell CD: Identifying effective behavioural models and behaviour change strategies underpinning preschool- and school-based obesity prevention interventions aimed at 4-6-year-olds: a systematic review. Obes Rev 2012, 13(Suppl 1):106-117.
• [38]Prestwich A, Sniehotta FF, Whittington C, Dombrowski SU, Rogers L, Michie S: Does theory influence the effectiveness of health behavior interventions? Meta-analysis. Health Psychol 2014, 33(5):465-474.
• [39]Rabin BA, Glasgow RE, Kerner JF, Klump MP, Brownson RC: Dissemination and implementation research on community-based cancer prevention: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2010, 38(4):443-456.
• [40]Thomson CA, Ravia J: A systematic review of behavioral interventions to promote intake of fruit and vegetables. J Am Diet Assoc 2011, 111(10):1523-1535.
• [41]Tierney S, Mamas M, Woods S, Rutter MK, Gibson M, Neyses L, Deaton C: What strategies are effective for exercise adherence in heart failure? A systematic review of controlled studies. Heart Fail Rev 2012, 17(1):107-115.
• [42]Webb TL, Joseph J, Yardley L, Michie S: Using the internet to promote health behavior change: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of theoretical basis, use of behavior change techniques, and mode of delivery on efficacy. J Med Internet Res 2010, 12(1):e4.
• [43]American Dietetic Association, Society for Nutrition Education, American School Food Service Association: Position of the American Dietetic Association, Society for Nutrition Education, and American School Food Service Association—Nutrition services: an essential component of comprehensive school health programs J Am Diet Assoc 2003, 103(4):505-514.
• [44]Dubois N, Jetha N, Robinson K, Szuto I, Wan G, Wilkerson T: Canadian best practices initiative methodology background paper. 2008. [http://seniorspolicylens.ca/Root/Materials/Adobe%20Acrobat%20Materials/CBPI-methodology.pdf]
• [45]Netherlands Centre Youth Health (NCJ), Netherlands Institute for Sport and Physical Activity (NISB), Netherlands Youth Institute (NJi), RIVM Centre for Healthy Living (CGL): Dutch Recognition System for Interventions criteria for joint quality assessment 2013–2018. 2013. [http://loketgezondleven.nl/object_binary/o16954_Recognition-system-Criteria-2013-2018.pdf]
• [46]Stockley L: Toward public health nutrition strategies in the European Union to implement food based dietary guidelines and to enhance healthier lifestyles. Public Health Nutr 2001, 4(2A):307-324.
• [47]Gillison F, Greaves C, Stathi A, Ramsay R, Bennett P, Taylor G, Francis M, Chandler R: Waste the waist’: the development of an intervention to promote changes in diet and physical activity for people with high cardiovascular risk. Br J Health Psychol 2012, 17(2):327-345.
• [48]McNeil DA, Flynn MA: Methods of defining best practice for population health approaches with obesity prevention as an example. Proc Nutr Soc 2006, 65(4):403-411.
• [49]Summerbell CD, Moore HJ, Vögele C, Kreichauf S, Wildgruber A, Manios Y, Douthwaite W, Nixon CA, Gibson EL: Evidence-based recommendations for the development of obesity prevention programs targeted at preschool children. Obes Rev 2012, 13(Suppl 1):129-132.
• [50]Biddle SJ, Petrolini I, Pearson N: Interventions designed to reduce sedentary behaviours in young people: a review of reviews. Br J Sports Med 2014, 48(3):182-186.
• [51]Brown DR, Soares J, Epping JM, Lankford TJ, Wallace JS, Hopkins D, Buchanan LR, Orleans CT: Stand-alone mass media campaigns to increase physical activity: a Community Guide updated review. Am J Prev Med 2012, 43(5):551-561.
• [52]Ghisi GL, Abdallah F, Grace SL, Thomas S, Oh P: A systematic review of patient education in cardiac patients: Do they increase knowledge and promote health behavior change? Patient Educ Couns 2014, 95(2):160-174.
• [53]Klesges LM, Williams NA, Davis KS, Buscemi J, Kitzmann KM: External validity reporting in behavioral treatment of childhood obesity: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2012, 42(2):185-192.
• [54]Latimer AE, Brawley LR, Bassett RL: A systematic review of three approaches for constructing physical activity messages: What messages work and what improvements are needed? Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2010, 7:36.
• [55]Marsh S, Foley LS, Wilks DC, Maddison R: Family-based interventions for reducing sedentary time in youth: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev 2014, 15(2):117-133.
• [56]Salmon J, Booth ML, Phongsavan P, Murphy N, Timperio A: Promoting physical activity participation among children and adolescents. Epidemiol Rev 2007, 29:144-159.
• [57]Taylor NF, Dodd KJ, Shields N, Bruder A: Therapeutic exercise in physiotherapy practice is beneficial: a summary of systematic reviews 2002–2005. Aust J Physiother 2007, 53(1):7-16.
• [58]van Sluijs EM, McMinn AM, Griffin SJ: Effectiveness of interventions to promote physical activity in children and adolescents: systematic review of controlled trials. BMJ 2007, 335(7622):703.
• [59]Vuillemin A, Rostami C, Maes L, Van Cauwenberghe E, Van Lenthe FJ, Brug J, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Oppert JM: Worksite physical activity interventions and obesity: a review of European studies (the HOPE project). Obes Facts 2011, 4(6):479-488.
• [60]Christiansen NV, Kahlmeier S, Racioppi F: Sport promotion policies in the European Union: results of a contents analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014, 24(2):428-38.
• [61]King L, Gill T, Allender S, Swinburn B: Best practice principles for community-based obesity prevention: development, content and application. Obes Rev 2011, 12(5):329-338.
• [62]Dixey R, Heindl I, Loureiro I, Pérez-Rodrigo, Snel J, Warnking P: Healthy eating for young people in Europe. A school-based nutrition education guide.1999. [http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/119921/E69846.pdf]
• [63]World Health Organization: Physical activity promotion in socially disadvantaged groups: principles for action. PHAN Work Package 4 Final Report. WHO, 2013. [http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/185954/E96817eng.pdf]
• [64]Ayliffe B, Glanville NT: Achieving healthy body weight in teenagers: evidence-based practice guidelines for community nutrition interventions. Can J Diet Pract Res 2010, 71(4):205.
• [65]De Meester F, van Lenthe FJ, Spittaels H, Lien N, De Bourdeaudhuij I: Interventions for promoting physical activity among European teenagers: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Ac 2009, 6:82.
• [66]Edwardson CL, Gorely T: Parental influences on different types and intensities of physical activity in youth: a systematic review. Psychol Sport Exerc 2010, 11(6):522-535.
• [67]Katz DL, O'Connell M, Njike VY, Yeh MC, Nawaz H: Strategies for the prevention and control of obesity in the school setting: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes 2008, 32(12):1780-1789.
• [68]Kriemler S, Meyer U, Martin E, van Sluijs EM, Andersen LB, Martin BW: Effect of school-based interventions on physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents: a review of reviews and systematic update. Br J Sports Med 2011, 45(11):923-930.
• [69]Niemeier BS, Hektner JM, Enger KB: Parent participation in weight-related health interventions for children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Med 2012, 55(1):3-13.
• [70]American Dietetic Association (ADA): Position of The American Dietetic Association: dietary guidance for healthy children aged 2 to 11 years J Am Diet Assoc 1999, 99(1):93-101.
• [71]American Dietetic Association (ADA): Position of the American Dietetic Association: individual-, family-, school-, and community-based interventions for pediatric overweight J Am Diet Assoc 2006, 106(6):925-945.
• [72]Trudnak T, Melton ST, Simpson L, Baldwin J: The childhood obesity response in Florida: where do we stand? Child Obes 2012, 8(3):237-242.
• [73]Burrows T, Golley RK, Khambalia A, McNaughton SA, Magarey A, Rosenkranz RR, Alllman-Farinelli M, Rangan AM, Truby H, Collins C: The quality of dietary intake methodology and reporting in child and adolescent obesity intervention trials: a systematic review. Obes Rev 2012, 13(12):1125-1138.
• [74]Kirk SF, Penney TL, McHugh TL, Sharma AM: Effective weight management practice: a review of the lifestyle intervention evidence. Int J Obes 2012, 36(2):178-185.
• [75]Robertson R, Robertson A, Jepson J, Maxwell M: Walking for depression or depressive symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ment Health Phys Act 2012, 5(1):66-75.
• [76]Pratt CA, Stevens J, Daniels S: Childhood obesity prevention and treatment: recommendations for future research. Am J Prev Med 2008, 35(3):249-252.
• [77]Cress ME, Buchner DM, Prohaska T, Rimmer J, Brown M, Macera C, Dipietro L, Chodzko-Zajko W: Best practices for physical activity programs and behavior counseling in older adult populations. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2006, 3(1):34-42.
• [78]Kahn EB, Ramsey LT, Brownson RC, Heath GW, Howze EH, Powell KE, Stone EJ, Rajab MW, Corso P: The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity. A systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2002, 22(Suppl 4):73-107.
• [79]Weaver RG, Beets MW, Webster C, Beighle A, Huberty J: A conceptual model for training after-school program staffers to promote physical activity and nutrition. J Sch Health 2012, 82(4):186-195.
• [80]Carroll JK, Yancey AK, Spring B, Figueroa-Moseley C, Mohr DC, Mustian KM, Sprod LK, Purnell JQ, Fiscella K: What are successful recruitment and retention strategies for underserved populations? Examining physical activity interventions in primary care and community settings. Transl Behav Med 2011, 1(2):234-51.
• [81]Schröer S, Haupt J, Pieper C: Evidence-based lifestyle interventions in the workplace–an overview. Occup Med 2014, 64(1):8-12.
• [82]Walton-Moss B, Samuel L, Nguyen TH, Commodore-Mensah Y, Hayat MJ, Szanton SL: Community-based cardiovascular health interventions in vulnerable populations: a systematic review. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2013, 29:293-307.
• [83]Haughton B, Stang J: Population risk factors and trends in health care and public policy. J Acad Nutr Diet 2012, 112(Suppl 1):S35-S46.
• [84]Hoelscher DM, Kirk S, Ritchie L, Cunningham-Sabo L: Academy Positions Committee: Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: interventions for the prevention and treatment of pediatric overweight and obesity. J Acad Nutr Diet 2013, 113(10):1375-1394.
• [85]Simovska V, Dadaczynski K, Viig NG, Tjomsland HE, Bowker S, Woynarowska, B, de Ruiter S, Buijs, G: HEPS Tool for Schools: A guide for school policy development on healthy eating and physical activity. 2010. [http://pure.au.dk//portal/files/760/ToolforschoolsLRes_website.pdf]
• [86]Bellew B, Schöeppe S, Bull FC, Bauman A: The rise and fall of Australian physical activity policy 1996–2006: a national review framed in an international context. Aust New Zealand Health Policy 2008, 31;5:18.
• [87]Foltz JL, May AL, Belay B, Nihiser AJ, Dooyema CA, Blanck HM: Population-level intervention strategies and examples for obesity prevention in children. Annu Rev Nutr 2012, 21;32:391-415.
• [88]Swinburn B, Gill T, Kumanyika S: Obesity prevention: a proposed framework for translating evidence into action. Obes Rev 2005, 6(1):23-33.
• [89]Brennan Ramirez LK, Hoehner CM, Brownson RC, Cook R, Orleans CT, Hollander M, Barker DC, Bors P, Ewing R, Killingsworth R, Petersmarck K, Schmid T, Wilkinson W: Indicators of Activity-Friendly Communities: an evidence-based consensus process. Am J Prev Med 2006, 31(6):515-524.
• [90]Aalbers T, Baars MA, Rikkert MG: Characteristics of effective internet-mediated interventions to change lifestyle in people aged 50 and older: a systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2011, 10(4):487-497.
• [91]Choi J, Fukuoka Y, Lee JH: The effects of physical activity and physical activity plus diet interventions on body weight in overweight or obese women who are pregnant or in postpartum: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Prev Med 2013, 56(6):351-364.
• [92]Geraedts H, Zijlstra A, Bulstra SK, Stevens M, Zijlstra W: Effects of remote feedback in home-based physical activity interventions for older adults: a systematic review. Patient Educ Couns 2013, 91(1):14-24.
• [93]Müller-Riemenschneider F, Reinhold T, Nocon M, Willich SN: Long-term effectiveness of interventions promoting physical activity: a systematic review. Prev Med 2008, 47(4):354-368.
• [94]Brennan LK, Brownson RC, Orleans CT: Childhood obesity policy research and practice: evidence for policy and environmental strategies. Am J Prev Med 2014, 46(1):e1-16.
• [95]Goode AD, Reeves MM, Eakin EG: Telephone-delivered interventions for physical activity and dietary behavior change: an updated systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2012, 42(1):81-88.
• [96]Lombard CB, Deeks AA, Teede HJ: A systematic review of interventions aimed at the prevention of weight gain in adults. Public Health Nutr 2009, 12(11):2236-2246.
• [97]Morris JH, Macgillivray S, McFarlane S: Interventions to promote long-term participation in physical activity after stroke: a systematic review of the literature. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2014, 95(5):956-967.
• [98]van Achterberg T, Huisman-de Waal GG, Ketelaar NA, Oostendorp RA, Jacobs JE, Wollersheim HC: How to promote healthy behaviours in patients? An overview of evidence for behaviour change techniques. Health Promot Int 2011, 26(2):148-162.
• [99]Broekhuizen K, Kroeze W, van Poppel MN, Oenema A, Brug J: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials on the effectiveness of computer-tailored physical activity and dietary behavior promotion programs: an update. Ann Behav Med 2012, 44(2):259-286.
• [100]Kohl LF, Crutzen R, de Vries NK: Online prevention aimed at lifestyle behaviors: a systematic review of reviews. J Med Internet Res 2013, 15(7):e146.
• [101]Ogilvie D, Foster CE, Rothnie H, Cavill N, Hamilton V, Fitzsimons CF, Mutrie N: Interventions to promote walking: systematic review. BMJ 2007, 334(7605):1204.
• [102]Paul-Ebhohimhen V, Avenell A: A systematic review of the effectiveness of group versus individual treatments for adult obesity. Obes Facts 2009, 2(1):17-24.
• [103]Stephens SK, Cobiac LJ, Veerman JL: Improving diet and physical activity to reduce population prevalence of overweight and obesity: An overview of current evidence. Prev Med 2014, 62:167-178.
• [104]Aldcroft SA, Taylor NF, Blackstock FC, O'Halloran PD: Psychoeducational rehabilitation for health behavior change in coronary artery disease: a systematic review of controlled trials. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2011, 31(5):273-281.
• [105]Martin J, Chater A, Lorencatto F: Effective behaviour change techniques in the prevention and management of childhood obesity. Int J Obes 2013, 37(10):1287-1294.
• [106]Nawaz H, Katz DL: American College of Preventive Medicine Practice Policy statement: weight management counseling of overweight. Am J Prev Med 2001, 21(1):73-78.
• [107]Heath GW, Brownson RC, Kruger J, Miles R, Powell KE, Ramsey LT: The effectiveness of urban design and land use and transport policies and practices to increase physical activity: a systematic review. J Phys Act Health 2006, 3(Suppl 1):S55-S76.
• [108]Pearson ES: Goal setting as a health behavior change strategy in overweight and obese adults: a systematic literature review examining intervention components. Patient Educ Couns 2012, 87(1):32-42.
• [109]Sumlin LL, Garcia AA: Effects of food-related interventions for African American Women with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Educ 2012, 38(2):236-249.
• [110]Campbell KJ, Hesketh KD: Strategies which aim to positively impact on weight, physical activity, diet and sedentary behaviours in children from zero to five years. A systematic review of the literature. Obes Rev 2007, 8(4):327-338.
• [111]Anderson LM, Quinn TA, Glanz K, Ramirez G, Kahwati LC, Johnson DB, Buchanan LR, Archer WR, Chattopadhyay S, Kalra GP, Katz DL: The effectiveness of worksite nutrition and physical activity interventions for controlling employee overweight and obesity: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med 2009, 37(4):340-57.
• [112]Hoehner CM, Ribeiro IC, Parra DC, Reis RS, Azevedo MR, Hino AA, Soares J, Hallal PC, Simões EJ, Brownson RC: Physical activity interventions in Latin America: expanding and classifying the evidence. Am J Prev Med 2013, 44(3):e31-40.
• [113]Roux L, Pratt M, Tengs TO, Yore MM, Yanagawa TL, Van Den Bos J, Rutt C, Brownson RC, Powell KE, Heath G, Kohl HW 3rd, Teutsch S, Cawley J, Lee IM, West L, Buchner DM: Cost effectiveness of community-based physical activity interventions. Am J Prev Med 2008, 35(6):578-588.
• [114]Weightman A, Ellis S, Cullum A, Sander L, Turley R: Grading evidence and recommendations for public health interventions: developing and piloting a framework. Health Development Agency 2005. [http://www.gserve.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/docs/grading_evidence.pdf]
• [115]Wu S, Cohen D, Shi Y, Pearson M, Sturm R: Economic analysis of physical activity interventions. Am J Prev Med 2011, 40(2):149-58.
• [116]Katz DL, O'Connell M, Yeh MC, Nawaz H, Njike V, Anderson LM, Cory S, Dietz W: Public health strategies for preventing and controlling overweight and obesity in school and worksite settings: a report on recommendations of the Task Force on Community Preventive Services. MMWR Recomm Rep 2005, 54(RR-10):1-12.
• [117]Klesges LM, Dzewaltowski DA, Glasgow RE: Review of external validity reporting in childhood obesity prevention research. Am J Prev Med 2008, 34(3):216-223.
• [118]National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (NCI): Measuring the Use of the RE-AIM Model Dimension Items Checklist. 2012. [http://www.re-aim.hnfe.vt.edu/resources_and_tools/measures/checklistdimensions.pdf]
• [119]Spencer LM, Schooley MW, Anderson LA, Kochtitzky CS, DeGroff AS, Devlin HM, Mercer SL: Seeking best practices: a conceptual framework for planning and improving evidence-based practices. Prev Chronic Dis 2013, 10:130186.
• [120]Gudzune K, Hutfless S, Maruthur N, Wilson R, Segal J: Strategies to prevent weight gain in workplace and college settings: a systematic review. Prev Med 2013, 57(4):268-277.
• [121]De Bourdeaudhuij I, Van Cauwenberghe E, Spittaels H, Oppert JM, Rostami C, Brug J, Van Lenthe F, Lobstein T, Maes L: School-based interventions promoting both physical activity and healthy eating in Europe: a systematic review within the HOPE project. Obes Rev 2011, 12(3):205-216.
• [122]Geaney F, Kelly C, Greiner BA, Harrington JM, Perry IJ, Beirne P: The effectiveness of workplace dietary modification interventions: a systematic review. Prev Med 2013, 57(5):438-447.
• [123]Wilding MJ, Seegert L, Rupcic S, Griffin M, Kachnowski S, Parasuraman S: Falling short: recruiting elderly individuals for a fall study. Ageing Res Rev 2013, 12(2):552-60.
• [124]IMPALA: Proposed European Guidelines improving infrastructures for leisure-time physical activity in the local arena towards social equity, inter-sectoral collaboration and participation. Final Draft. 2011. [http://www.impala-eu.org/fileadmin/user_upload/2011_IMPALA_guideline_web.pdf]
• [125]Hearn LA, Miller MR, Campbell-Pope R: Review of evidence to guide primary health care policy and practice to prevent childhood obesity. Med J Aust 2008, 188(Suppl 8):S87-91.