Even low level of physical activity is associated with reduced mortality among people with metabolic syndrome, a population based study (the HUNT 2 study, Norway)

BMC Medicine

Lars Vatten²  Stig A Slørdahl¹  Ulrik Wisløff¹  Tom IL Nilsen³  Javaid Nauman¹  Dorthe Stensvold¹ 

[1]St. Olavs Hospital, Postboks 3250 Sluppen, 7006 Trondheim, Norway

[2]Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Postboks 8905, MTFS, 7491 Trondheim, Norway

[3]Human Movement Science Programme, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Dragvoll, Loholt allé 81, Trondheim, Norway

关键词: mortality;    physical activity;    metabolic syndrome;   

Others  :  1126663
DOI  :  10.1186/1741-7015-9-109

 received in 2011-07-06, accepted in 2011-09-29,  发布年份 2011

【 摘 要 】

Background

Low levels of physical activity may increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome, a cluster of metabolic factors that are associated with the risk of premature death. It has been suggested that physical activity may reduce the impact of factors associated with metabolic syndrome, but it is not known whether physical activity may reduce mortality in people with metabolic syndrome.

Methods

In a prospective study of 50,339 people, 13,449 had metabolic syndrome at baseline and were followed up for ten years to assess cause-specific mortality. The population was divided into two age groups: those younger than 65 years of age and those older than age 65. Information on their physical activity levels was collected at baseline.

Results

Metabolic syndrome was associated with higher mortality from all causes (hazard ratio (HR) 1.35, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.20 to 1.52) and from cardiovascular causes (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.29) in people younger than 65 years old than among other populations. In older people, there was no overall association of metabolic syndrome with mortality. People with metabolic syndrome who reported high levels of physical activity at baseline were at a reduced risk of death from all causes compared to those who reported no physical activity, both in the younger age group (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.73) and in the older age group (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.74).

Conclusion

Among people with metabolic syndrome, physical activity was associated with reduced mortality from all causes and from cardiovascular causes. Compared to inactivity, even low levels of physical activity were associated with reduced mortality.

【 授权许可】

   
2011 Stensvold et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Lakka HM, Laaksonen DE, Lakka TA, Niskanen LK, Kumpusalo E, Tuomilehto J, Salonen JT: The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men. JAMA 2002, 288:2709-2716.
• [2]Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH: Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA 2002, 287:356-359.
• [3]Hildrum B, Mykletun A, Hole T, Midthjell K, Dahl AA: Age-specific prevalence of the metabolic syndrome defined by the International Diabetes Federation and the National Cholesterol Education Program: the Norwegian HUNT 2 study. BMC Public Health 2007, 7:220. BioMed Central Full Text
• [4]Lennie TA: The metabolic syndrome. Circulation 2006, 114:e528-e529.
• [5]Gami AS, Witt BJ, Howard DE, Erwin PJ, Gami LA, Somers VK, Montori VM: Metabolic syndrome and risk of incident cardiovascular events and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007, 49:403-414.
• [6]Grundy SM, Hansen B, Smith SC Jr, Cleeman JI, Kahn RA, American Heart Association, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, American Diabetes Association: Clinical management of metabolic syndrome: report of the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Diabetes Association conference on scientific issues related to management. Circulation 2004, 109:551-556.
• [7]Laaksonen DE, Lakka HM, Salonen JT, Niskanen LK, Rauramaa R, Lakka TA: Low levels of leisure-time physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness predict development of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care 2002, 25:1612-1618.
• [8]Lakka TA, Laaksonen DE: Physical activity in prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2007, 32:76-88.
• [9]Sisson SB, Camhi SM, Church TS, Martin CK, Tudor-Locke C, Bouchard C, Earnest CP, Smith SR, Newton RL Jr, Rankinen T, Katzmarzyk PT: Leisure time sedentary behavior, occupational/domestic physical activity, and metabolic syndrome in U.S. men and women. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2009, 7:529-536.
• [10]Korniloff K, Häkkinen A, Kautiainen H, Koponen H, Peltonen M, Mäntyselkä P, Oksa H, Kampman O, Vanhala M: Leisure-time physical activity and metabolic syndrome plus depressive symptoms in the FIN-D2D survey. Prev Med 2010, 51:466-470.
• [11]Tjonna AE, Lee SJ, Rognmo O, Stolen TO, Bye A, Haram PM, Loennechen JP, Al-Share QY, Skogvoll E, Slordahl SA, Kemi OJ, Najjar SM, Wisloff U: Aerobic interval training versus continuous moderate exercise as a treatment for the metabolic syndrome: a pilot study. Circulation 2008, 118:346-354.
• [12]Stensvold D, Tjonna AE, Skaug EA, Aspenes S, Stolen T, Wisloff U, Slordahl SA: Strength training versus aerobic interval training to modify risk factors of metabolic syndrome. J Appl Physiol 2010, 108:804-810.
• [13]Johnson JL, Slentz CA, Houmard JA, Samsa GP, Duscha BD, Aiken LB, McCartney JS, Tanner CJ, Kraus WE: Exercise training amount and intensity effects on metabolic syndrome (from Studies of a Targeted Risk Reduction Intervention through Defined Exercise). Am J Cardiol 2007, 100:1759-1766.
• [14]Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR, Powell KE, Blair SN, Franklin BA, Macera CA, Heath GW, Thompson PD, Bauman A: Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation 2007, 116:1081-1093.
• [15]O'Donovan G, Blazevich AJ, Boreham C, Cooper AR, Crank H, Ekelund U, Fox KR, Gately P, Giles-Corti B, Gill JM, Hamer M, McDermott I, Murphy M, Mutrie N, Reilly JJ, Saxton JM, Stamatakis E: The ABC of Physical Activity for Health: a consensus statement from the British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences. J Sports Sci 2010, 28:573-591.
• [16]Holmen J, Midthjell K, Krüger Ø, Langhammer A, Holmen T, Bratberg G, Vatten L, Lund-Larsen P: The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study 1995-97 (HUNT 2): objectives, contents, methods and participation. Norsk Epidemiologi 2003, 13:19-32.
• [17]Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman JI, Donato KA, Fruchart JC, James WP, Loria CM, Smith SC Jr: Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation 2009, 120:1640-1645.
• [18]Paffenbarger RS Jr, Lee IM: Physical activity and fitness for health and longevity. Res Q Exerc Sport 1996, 67:S11-S28.
• [19]Andersen LB, Schnohr P, Schroll M, Hein HO: All-cause mortality associated with physical activity during leisure time, work, sports, and cycling to work. Arch Intern Med 2000, 160:1621-1628.
• [20]Lee IM, Skerrett PJ: Physical activity and all-cause mortality: what is the dose-response relation? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001, 33:S459-S471. discussion S493-S494
• [21]Wisloff U, Nilsen TI, Droyvold WB, Morkved S, Slordahl SA, Vatten LJ: A single weekly bout of exercise may reduce cardiovascular mortality: how little pain for cardiac gain? 'The HUNT study, Norway'. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2006, 13:798-804.
• [22]Lee DC, Sui X, Ortega FB, Kim YS, Church TS, Winett RA, Ekelund U, Katzmarzyk PT, Blair SN: Comparisons of leisure-time physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness as predictors of all-cause mortality in men and women. Br J Sports Med 2011, 45:504-510.
• [23]Lollgen H, Bockenhoff A, Knapp G: Physical activity and all-cause mortality: an updated meta-analysis with different intensity categories. Int J Sports Med 2009, 30:213-224.
• [24]Hildrum B, Mykletun A, Dahl AA, Midthjell K: Metabolic syndrome and risk of mortality in middle-aged versus elderly individuals: the Nord-Trondelag Health Study (HUNT). Diabetologia 2009, 52:583-590.
• [25]Tjonna AE, Stolen TO, Bye A, Volden M, Slordahl SA, Odegard R, Skogvoll E, Wisloff U: Aerobic interval training reduces cardiovascular risk factors more than a multitreatment approach in overweight adolescents. Clin Sci (Lond) 2009, 116:317-326.
• [26]Haram PM, Kemi OJ, Lee SJ, Bendheim MO, Al-Share QY, Waldum HL, Gilligan LJ, Koch LG, Britton SL, Najjar SM, Wisloff U: Aerobic interval training vs. continuous moderate exercise in the metabolic syndrome of rats artificially selected for low aerobic capacity. Cardiovasc Res 2009, 81:723-732.
• [27]Wisloff U, Ellingsen O, Kemi OJ: High-intensity interval training to maximize cardiac benefits of exercise training? Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2009, 37:139-146.
• [28]Walsh MC, Hunter GR, Sirikul B, Gower BA: Comparison of self-reported with objectively assessed energy expenditure in black and white women before and after weight loss. Am J Clin Nutr 2004, 79:1013-1019.
• [29]Kurtze N, Rangul V, Hustvedt BE, Flanders WD: Reliability and validity of self-reported physical activity in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT 2). Eur J Epidemiol 2007, 22:379-387.