期刊论文详细信息
BMC Public Health
Diabetes, HIV and other health determinants associated with absenteeism among formal sector workers in Namibia
Tobias F Rinke de Wit3  Frank G Feeley1  Delia Weimers-Maasdorp2  Els Bindels2  Rina Hough2  Ingrid de Beer2  Leonor Guariguata4 
[1] Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Talbot Building, Boston, MA 02118, USA;PharmAccess Foundation, P.O. Box 9895, Windhoek, Namibia;Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands;PharmAccess Foundation, Trinity Building C, Pietersbergweg 17, 1105, BM Amsterdam, Zuidoost, the Netherlands
关键词: HIV;    Non-communicable disease;    Sub-Saharan Africa;    Work force;    Namibia;    Absenteeism;   
Others  :  1163930
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2458-12-44
 received in 2011-10-31, accepted in 2012-01-18,  发布年份 2012
PDF
【 摘 要 】

Background

As countries in sub-Saharan Africa develop their economies, it is important to understand the health of employees and its impact on productivity and absenteeism. While previous studies have assessed the impact of single conditions on absenteeism, the current study evaluates multiple health factors associated with absenteeism in a large worker population across several sectors in Namibia.

Methods

From March 2009 to June 2010, PharmAccess Namibia conducted a series of cross-sectional surveys of 7,666 employees in 7 sectors of industry in Namibia. These included a self-reported health questionnaire and biomedical screenings for certain infectious diseases and non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors. Data were collected on demographics, absenteeism over a 90-day period, smoking behavior, alcohol use, hemoglobin, blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), HIV status, and presence of hepatitis B antigens and syphilis antibodies. The associations of these factors to absenteeism were ascertained using negative binomial regression.

Results

Controlling for demographic and job-related factors, high blood glucose and diabetes had the largest effect on absenteeism (IRR: 3.67, 95%CI: 2.06-6.55). This was followed by anemia (IRR: 1.59, 95%CI: 1.17-2.18) and being HIV positive (IRR: 1.47; 95%CI: 1.12-1.95). In addition, working in the fishing or services sectors was associated with an increased incidence of sick days (IRR: 1.53, 95%CI: 1.23-1.90; and IRR: 1.70, 95%CI: 1.32-2.20 respectively). The highest prevalence of diabetes was in the services sector (3.6%, 95%CI:-2.5-4.7). The highest prevalence of HIV was found in the fishing sector (14.3%, 95%CI: 10.1-18.5).

Conclusion

Both NCD risk factors and infectious diseases are associated with increased rates of short-term absenteeism of formal sector employees in Namibia. Programs to manage these conditions could help employers avoid costs associated with absenteeism. These programs could include basic health care insurance including regular wellness screenings.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Guariguata et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 预 览 】
附件列表
Files Size Format View
20150413122825596.pdf 240KB PDF download
【 参考文献 】
  • [1]UNAIDS: Report on the Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic. Geneva. 2008.
  • [2]The World Health Organization: Preventing Chronic Disease: A Vital Investment. Geneva. 2005.
  • [3]The World Health Organization: Global Burden of Disease Report. Geneva. 2004.
  • [4]The International Diabetes Federation: The Diabetes Atlas. Brussels. 4th edition. 2008.
  • [5]Negin J, Robinson H: Funding for HIV and non-communicable diseases. Australia: Nossal Institute for Global Health at the University of Melbourne; 2010.
  • [6]Narayan K, Zhang P, Kanaya A, et al.: 30: The diabetes pandemic and potential solutions. In Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. World Health Organization; 2006.
  • [7]Zikusooka CM, Kyomuhang R, Orem JN, et al.: Is health care financing in Uganda equitable? Afr Health Sci 2009, 9(Suppl 2):S52-S58.
  • [8]Akazili J, Gyapong J, McIntyre D: Who pays for health care in Ghana? Int J Equity Health 2011, 10:26. BioMed Central Full Text
  • [9]Huffman MD, Rao KD, Pichon-Riviere A, et al.: A cross-sectional study of the microeconomic impact of cardiovascular disease hospitalization in four low- and middle-income countries. PLoS One 2011, 6:e20821.
  • [10]de Beer I, Coutinho HM, Guariguata L, et al.: Health care options for commercial farm workers in Namibia. Rural Remote Heal 2011, 11:1384.
  • [11]Bertera RL: The effects of behavioral risks on absenteeism and health-care costs in the workplace. J Occup Med 1991, 33:1119-1124.
  • [12]Collins JJ, Baase CM, Sharda CE, et al.: The assessment of chronic health conditions on work performance, absence, and total economic impact for employers. J Occup Environ Med 2005, 47:547-557.
  • [13]Leynen F, Backer GD, Pelfrene E, et al.: Increased absenteeism from work among aware and treated hypertensive and hypercholesterolaemic patients. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2006, 13:261-267.
  • [14]Jans MP, van den Heuvel SG, Hildebrandt VH, et al.: Overweight and obesity as predictors of absenteeism in the working population of the Netherlands. J Occup Environ Med 2007, 49:975-980.
  • [15]Tawfik L, Kinoti S: The impact of HIV/AIDS on health systems and the health workforce in sub-Saharan Africa. USAID, Bureau for Africa, Office of Sustainable Development; 2003.
  • [16]Fox MP, Rosen S, MacLeod WB, et al.: The impact of HIV/AIDS on labour productivity in Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 2004, 9:318-324.
  • [17]Rosen S, Vincent JR, MacLeod W, et al.: The cost of HIV/AIDS to businesses in southern Africa. AIDS 2004, 18:317-324.
  • [18]de Beer I, Coutinho HM, van Wyk PJ, et al.: Anonymous HIV workplace surveys as an advocacy tool for affordable private health insurance in Namibia. J Int AIDS Soc 2009, 2:7. BioMed Central Full Text
  • [19]The World Bank: Namibia at-a-glance. [http://www.worldbank.org] webcite 2008.
  • [20]Schmidt M, Stiftung FE (Eds): Poverty and Inequality In Namibia: an overview. Institute for Public Policy and Research; 2009.
  • [21]Sturman M: Multiple Approaches to Absenteeism Analysis. Cornell University: Center for Advanced Human Resources; 1996.
  • [22]American Diabetes Association: Clinical Practice Recommendations. Diabetes Care 2008, 31(Suppl 1):S1-108.
  • [23]Feeley FG, Rosen S, Connelly P: The private sector and HIV/AIDS in Africa: Recent developments and implications for policy. In The changing HIV/AIDS landscape: selected papers for the World Bank's agenda in Africa. Edited by Lule EDA. World Bank; 2009.
  • [24]Namibia. National Laws on labour, social security, and related human rights. International Labour Organization [http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/WEBTEXT/29328/64850/E92NAM01.htm] webcite
  • [25]Mercer: Pan-European Employer Health Benefits Issues: 2010 Survey Report. London. 2011.
  • [26]United States Bureau of Labour Statistics: Program Perspectives: On Paid Sick Leave. Washington D.C. 2010.
  • [27]The World Health Organization: Namibia Country Cooperation Strategy 2010 - 2015. Geneva. 2010.
  • [28]Amuna P, Zotor FB: Epidemiological and nutrition transition in developing countries: impact on human health and development. Proc Nutr Soc 2008, 67:82-90.
  • [29]Wolff J, Starfield B, Anderson G: Prevalence, expenditures, and complications of multiple chronic conditions in the elderly. Arch Intern Med 2002, 162:2269-2276.
  • [30]World Health Organization: Towards universal access. United Nations, World Health Organization; 2010.
  • [31]Namibian Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare: Namibia Labour Force Survey. Windhoek. 2010.
  文献评价指标  
  下载次数:2次 浏览次数:11次