The frequency of osteogenic activities and the pattern of intermittence between periods of physical activity and sedentary behaviour affects bone mineral content: the cross-sectional NHANES study

BMC Public Health

Dawn A Skelton¹  Oleksii Mandrichenko¹  Sebastien FM Chastin¹ 

[1] School of Health and Life Science, Institute of Applied Health Research, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road G4 0BA Glasgow, Scotland UK

关键词: Accelerometry;    Physical activity;    Bone mass;    Osteoporosis;    Sedentary behaviour;   

Others  :  1161379
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2458-14-4

 received in 2013-06-20, accepted in 2013-12-23,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Sedentary behaviours, defined as non exercising seated activities, have been shown to have deleterious effects on health. It has been hypothesised that too much sitting time can have a detrimental effect on bone health in youth. The aim of this study is to test this hypothesis by exploring the association between objectively measured volume and patterns of time spent in sedentary behaviours, time spent in specific screen-based sedentary pursuits and bone mineral content (BMC) accrual in youth.

Methods

NHANES 2005–2006 cycle data includes BMC of the femoral and spinal region via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), assessment of physical activity and sedentary behaviour patterns through accelerometry, self reported time spent in screen based pursuits (watching TV and using a computer), and frequency of vigorous playtime and strengthening activities. Multiple regression analysis, stratified by gender was performed on N = 671 males and N = 677 females aged from 8 to 22 years.

Results

Time spent in screen-based sedentary behaviours is negatively associated with femoral BMC (males and females) and spinal BMC (females only) after correction for time spent in moderate and vigorous activity. Regression coefficients indicate that an additional hour per day of screen-based sitting corresponds to a difference of −0.77 g femoral BMC in females [95% CI: -1.31 to −0.22] and of −0.45 g femoral BMC in males [95% CI: -0.83 to −0.06]. This association is attenuated when self-reported engagement in regular (average 5 times per week) strengthening exercise (for males) and vigorous playing (for both males and females) is taken into account. Total sitting time and non screen-based sitting do not appear to have a negative association with BMC, whereas screen based sedentary time does. Patterns of intermittence between periods of sitting and moderate to vigorous activity appears to be positively associated with bone health when activity is clustered in time and inter-spaced with long continuous bouts of sitting.

Conclusions

Some specific sedentary pursuits (screen-based) are negatively associated with bone health in youth. This association is specific to gender and anatomical area. This relationship between screen-based time and bone health is independent of the total amount of physical activity measured objectively, but not independent of self-reported frequency of strengthening and vigorous play activities. The data clearly suggests that the frequency, rather than the volume, of osteogenic activities is important in counteracting the effect of sedentary behaviour on bone health. The pattern of intermittence between sedentary periods and activity also plays a role in bone accrual, with clustered short bouts of activity interspaced with long periods of sedentary behaviours appearing to be more beneficial than activities more evenly spread in time.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Chastin et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Department of Health: Department of Health Advisory Group on Osteoporosis Report. London: Department of Health; 1994.
• [2]Hui SL, Slemenda CW, Johnston CC: The contribution of bone loss to postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1990, 1:30-34.
• [3]Hernandez CJ, Beaupré GS, Carter DR: A theoretical analysis of the relative influences of peak BMD, age-related bone loss and menopause on the development of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2003, 14:843-847.
• [4]Heaney RP, Abrams S, Dawson-Hughes B, Looker A, Marcus R, Matkovic V, Weaver C: Peak bone mass. Osteoporos Int 2001, 11:985-1009.
• [5]Welten DC, Kemper HC, Post GB, Van Mechelen W, Twisk J, Lips P, Teule GJ: Weight-bearing activity during youth is a more important factor for peak bone mass than calcium intake. J Bone Miner Res 1994, 9:1089-1096.
• [6]Gracia-Marco L, Moreno LA, Ortega FB, León F, Sioen I, Kafatos A, Martinez-Gomez D, Widhalm K, Castillo MJ, Vicente-Rodríguez G: Levels of physical activity that predict optimal bone mass in adolescents: the HELENA study. Am J Prev Med 2011, 40:599-607.
• [7]Eleftheriou KI, Rawal JS, James LE, Payne JR, Loosemore M, Pennell DJ, World M, Drenos F, Haddad FS, Humphries SE, Sanders J, Montgomery HE: Bone structure and geometry in young men: the influence of smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity. Bone 2013, 52:17-26.
• [8]Pitukcheewanont P, Punyasavatsut N, Feuille M: Physical activity and bone health in children and adolescents. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 2010, 7:275-282.
• [9]Vicente-Rodríguez G: How does exercise affect bone development during growth? Sports Med 2006, 36:561-569.
• [10]Ho AYY, Kung AWC: Determinants of peak bone mineral density and bone area in young women. J Bone Miner Metab 2005, 23:470-475.
• [11]Dietz WH: The role of lifestyle in health: the epidemiology and consequences of inactivity. Proc Nutr Soc 1996, 55:829-840.
• [12]Salmon J, Tremblay MS, Marshall SJ, Hume C: Health risks, correlates, and interventions to reduce sedentary behavior in young people. Am J Prev Med 2011, 41:197-206.
• [13]network S behavior research: Sedentary behaviour research network. 2012. Standardized use of the terms “sedentary” and “sedentary behaviours. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2012, 2012(37):540-542.
• [14]Zerwekh JE, Ruml LA, Gottschalk F, Pak CY: The effects of twelve weeks of bed rest on bone histology, biochemical markers of bone turnover, and calcium homeostasis in eleven normal subjects. J Bone Miner Res 1998, 13:1594-1601.
• [15]Kim H, Iwasaki K, Miyake T, Shiozawa T, Nozaki S, Yajima K: Changes in bone turnover markers during 14-day 6 degrees head-down bed rest. J Bone Miner Metab 2003, 21:311-315.
• [16]Caillot-Augusseau A, Lafage-Proust MH, Soler C, Pernod J, Dubois F, Alexandre C: Bone formation and resorption biological markers in cosmonauts during and after a 180-day space flight (Euromir 95). Clin Chem 1998, 44:578-585.
• [17]Morey-Holton ER, Globus RK: Hindlimb unloading of growing rats: a model for predicting skeletal changes during space flight. Bone 1998, 22(5 Suppl):83S-88S.
• [18]Tremblay MS, Colley RC, Saunders TJ, Healy GN, Owen N: Physiological and health implications of a sedentary lifestyle. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2010, 35:725-740.
• [19]Owen N, Healy GN, Matthews CE, Dunstan DW: Too much sitting: the population health science of sedentary behavior. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2010, 38:105-113.
• [20]Garland DE, Stewart CA, Adkins RH, Hu SS, Rosen C, Liotta FJ, Weinstein DA: Osteoporosis after spinal cord injury. J Orthop Res 1992, 10:371-378.
• [21]Bauman A, Ainsworth BE, Sallis JF, Hagströmer M, Craig CL, Bull FC, Pratt M, Venugopal K, Chau J, Sjöström M: The descriptive epidemiology of sitting. A 20-country comparison using the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). Am J Prev Med 2011, 41:228-235.
• [22]Matthews CE, Chen KY, Freedson PS, Buchowski MS, Beech BM, Pate RR, Troiano RP: Amount of time spent in sedentary behaviors in the United States, 2003–2004. Am J Epidemiol 2008, 167:875-881.
• [23]Cooper C, Wickham C, Coggon D: Sedentary work in middle life and fracture of the proximal femur. Br J Ind Med 1990, 47:69-70.
• [24]Vicente-Rodríguez G, Ortega FB, Rey-López JP, España-Romero V, Blay VA, Blay G, Martín-Matillas M, Moreno LA: Extracurricular physical activity participation modifies the association between high TV watching and low bone mass. Bone 2009, 45:925-930.
• [25]Gracia-Marco L, Rey-López JP, Santaliestra-Pasías AM, Jiménez-Pavón D, Díaz LE, Moreno LA, Vicente-Rodríguez G: Sedentary behaviours and its association with bone mass in adolescents: the HELENA cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2012, 12:971. BioMed Central Full Text
• [26]Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Oden A, Melton LJ, Khaltaev N: A reference standard for the description of osteoporosis. Bone 2008, 42:467-475.
• [27]Baim S, Leonard MB, Bianchi M-L, Hans DB, Kalkwarf HJ, Langman CB, Rauch F: Official positions of the international society for clinical densitometry and executive summary of the 2007 ISCD pediatric position development conference. J Clin Densitom 2007, 2008(11):6-21.
• [28]Fan B, Sherman M, Borrud L, Looker ASJ: Comparison of DXA software versions for assessment of whole body bone mineral density and body composition in a pediatric population. Bone Min Res 2004, 19:s344.
• [29]Freedson PS, Melanson E, Sirard J: Calibration of the Computer Science and Applications, Inc. accelerometer. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998, 30:777-781.
• [30]Matthews CE, Hagströmer M, Pober DM, Bowles HR: Best practices for using physical activity monitors in population-based research. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012, 44(1 Suppl 1):S68-S76.
• [31]Evenson KR, Catellier DJ, Gill K, Ondrak KS, McMurray RG: Calibration of two objective measures of physical activity for children. J Sports Sci 2008, 26:1557-1565.
• [32]Mattocks C, Leary S, Ness A, Deere K, Saunders J, Tilling K, Kirkby J, Blair SN, Riddoch C: Calibration of an accelerometer during free-living activities in children. Int J Pediatr Obes 2007, 2:218-226.
• [33]Chastin SFM, Granat MH: Methods for objective measure, quantification and analysis of sedentary behaviour and inactivity. Gait Posture 2010, 31:82-86.
• [34]Barabási A-L: The origin of bursts and heavy tails in human dynamics. Nature 2005, 435:207-211.
• [35]Marquardt DW: Generalized inverses, ridge regression, biased linear estimation, and nonlinear estimation. Technometrics 1970, 12:256-591.
• [36]Kato T, Terashima T, Yamashita T, Hatanaka Y, Honda A, Umemura Y: Effect of low-repetition jump training on bone mineral density in young women. J Appl Physiol 2006, 100:839-843.
• [37]Umemura Y, Nagasawa S, Honda A, Singh R: High-impact exercise frequency per week or day for osteogenic response in rats. J Bone Miner Metab 2008, 26:456-460.
• [38]Bailey CA, Brooke-Wavell K: Optimum frequency of exercise for bone health: randomised controlled trial of a high-impact unilateral intervention. Bone 2010, 46:1043-1049.
• [39]Babatunde OO, Forsyth JJ, Gidlow CJ: A meta-analysis of brief high-impact exercises for enhancing bone health in premenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 2012, 23:109-119.
• [40]Robling AG, Burr DB, Turner CH: Partitioning a daily mechanical stimulus into discrete loading bouts improves the osteogenic response to loading. J Bone Miner Res 2000, 15:1596-1602.
• [41]Forwood MR, Owan I, Takano Y, Turner CH: Increased bone formation in rat tibiae after a single short period of dynamic loading in vivo. Am J Physiol 1996, 270(3 Pt 1):E419-E423.
• [42]Goktepe AS, Tugcu I, Yilmaz B, Alaca R, Gunduz S: Does standing protect bone density in patients with chronic spinal cord injury? J Spinal Cord Med 2008, 31:197-201.
• [43]Kunkel CF, Scremin AM, Eisenberg B, Garcia JF, Roberts S, Martinez S: Effect of “standing” on spasticity, contracture, and osteoporosis in paralyzed males. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1993, 74:73-78.
• [44]Caulton JM: A randomised controlled trial of standing programme on bone mineral density in non-ambulant children with cerebral palsy. Arch Dis Child 2004, 89:131-135.
• [45]Ben M, Harvey L, Denis S, Glinsky J, Goehl G, Chee S, Herbert RD: Does 12 weeks of regular standing prevent loss of ankle mobility and bone mineral density in people with recent spinal cord injuries? Aust J Physiother 2005, 51:251-256.
• [46]Callaghan JP, McGill SM: Low back joint loading and kinematics during standing and unsupported sitting. Ergonomics 2001, 44:280-294.
• [47]Rauch F, Bailey DA, Baxter-Jones A, Mirwald R, Faulkner R: The “muscle-bone unit” during the pubertal growth spurt. Bone 2004, 34:771-775.
• [48]Chastin S, Scwartz U, Skelton D: Development of a consensus taxonomy of sedentary behaviors (SIT): report of delphi round 1. PLoS One 2013. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082313
• [49]Celis-Morales CA, Perez-Bravo F, Ibañez L, Salas C, Bailey MES, Gill JMR: Objective vs. self-reported physical activity and sedentary time: effects of measurement method on relationships with risk biomarkers. PLoS One 2012, 7:e36345.