Determination of the human spine curve based on laser triangulation

BMC Medical Imaging

Matija Jezeršek²  Janez Možina²  Dušan Čelan¹  Primož Poredoš² 

[1] University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, Maribor, 2000, Slovenia;University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Aškerčeva 6, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia

关键词: Cubic splines;    Spatial spine curve;    Scoliosis;    Back shape analysis;    3D;    Laser profilometry;   

Others  :  1125921
DOI  :  10.1186/s12880-015-0044-5

 received in 2014-08-11, accepted in 2015-01-21,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

The main objective of the present method was to automatically obtain a spatial curve of the thoracic and lumbar spine based on a 3D shape measurement of a human torso with developed scoliosis. Manual determination of the spine curve, which was based on palpation of the thoracic and lumbar spinous processes, was found to be an appropriate way to validate the method. Therefore a new, noninvasive, optical 3D method for human torso evaluation in medical practice is introduced.

Methods

Twenty-four patients with confirmed clinical diagnosis of scoliosis were scanned using a specially developed 3D laser profilometer. The measuring principle of the system is based on laser triangulation with one-laser-plane illumination. The measurement took approximately 10 seconds at 700 mm of the longitudinal translation along the back. The single point measurement accuracy was 0.1 mm. Computer analysis of the measured surface returned two 3D curves. The first curve was determined by manual marking (manual curve), and the second was determined by detecting surface curvature extremes (automatic curve). The manual and automatic curve comparison was given as the root mean square deviation (RMSD) for each patient. The intra-operator study involved assessing 20 successive measurements of the same person, and the inter-operator study involved assessing measurements from 8 operators.

Results

The results obtained for the 24 patients showed that the typical RMSD between the manual and automatic curve was 5.0 mm in the frontal plane and 1.0 mm in the sagittal plane, which is a good result compared with palpatory accuracy (9.8 mm). The intra-operator repeatability of the presented method in the frontal and sagittal planes was 0.45 mm and 0.06 mm, respectively. The inter-operator repeatability assessment shows that that the presented method is invariant to the operator of the computer program with the presented method.

Conclusions

The main novelty of the presented paper is the development of a new, non-contact method that provides a quick, precise and non-invasive way to determine the spatial spine curve for patients with developed scoliosis and the validation of the presented method using the palpation of the spinous processes, where no harmful ionizing radiation is present.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Poredoš et al.; licensee BioMed Central.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

Figure 1.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]do Rosário JLP: Photographic analysis of human posture: a literature review. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2014, 18:56-61.
• [2]Czaprowski D, Pawłowska P, Stoliński Ł, Kotwicki T. Active self-correction of back posture in children instructed with ‘straighten your back’ command. Man Ther. in press.
• [3]Byrne TN, Benzel EC, Waxman SG: Diseases of the Spine and Spinal Cord. Oxford University Press, New York; 2000.
• [4]Bergeron C, Cheriet F, Ronsky J, Zernicke R, Labelle H: Prediction of anterior scoliotic spinal curve from trunk surface using support vector regression. Eng Appl Artif Intell 2005, 18:973-83.
• [5]Ronckers CM, Doody MM, Lonstein JE, Stovall M, Land CE: Multiple diagnostic X-rays for spine deformities and risk of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008, 17:605-13.
• [6]Cronan JJ: Ultrasound: is there a future in diagnostic imaging? J Am Coll Radiol 2006, 3:645-6.
• [7]Scholten-Peeters GGM, Franken N, Beumer A, Verhagen AP. The opinion and experiences of Dutch orthopedic surgeons and radiologists about diagnostic musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging in primary care: a survey. Man Ther. in press.
• [8]Kado DM, Christianson L, Palermo L, Smith-Bindman R, Cummings SR, Greendale GA: Comparing a supine radiologic versus standing clinical measurement of kyphosis in older women: the Fracture Intervention Trial. Spine 2006, 31:463-7.
• [9]Lundon KM, Li AM, Bibershtein S: Interrater and intrarater reliability in the measurement of kyphosis in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Spine 1998, 23:1978-85.
• [10]Lonner BS, Auerbach JD, Boachie-Adjei O, Shah SA, Hosogane N, Newton PO: Treatment of thoracic scoliosis: are monoaxial thoracic pedicle screws the best form of fixation for correction? Spine 2009, 34:845-51.
• [11]Ohlen G, Wredmark T, Spangfort E: Spinal sagittal configuration and mobility related to low-back pain in the female gymnast. Spine 1989, 14:847-50.
• [12]Hackenberg L, Hierholzer E, Pötzl W, Götze C, Liljenqvist U: Rasterstereographic back shape analysis in idiopathic scoliosis after posterior correction and fusion. Clin Biomech 2003, 18:883-9.
• [13]Legaye J: Follow-up of the sagittal spine by optical technique. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2012, 55:76-92.
• [14]Rodríguez-Quiñonez JC, Sergiyenko OY, Preciado LCB, Tyrsa VV, Gurko AG, Podrygalo MA, et al.: Optical monitoring of scoliosis by 3D medical laser scanner. Opt Lasers Eng 2014, 54:175-86.
• [15]Jezeršek M: High-speed measurement of foot shape based on multiple-laser-plane triangulation. Opt Eng 2009, 48:113604.
• [16]Seoud L, Adankon MM, Labelle H, Dansereau J, Cheriet F: Prediction of scoliosis curve type based on the analysis of trunk surface topography. Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro, 2010 IEEE International Symposium on; 14–17 April 2010 2010, 408-11.
• [17]Pavlovcic U, Diaci J, Mozina J, Jezersek M: Characterization of the head-to-trunk orientation with handheld optical 3D apparatus based on the fringe projection technique. Biomed Eng Online 2013, 12:96. BioMed Central Full Text
• [18]Adankon MM, Dansereau J, Labelle H, Cheriet F: Non invasive classification system of scoliosis curve types using least-squares support vector machines. Artif Intell Med 2012, 56:99-107.
• [19]Drake R, Vogl AW, Mitchell AWM: Gray’s Anatomy for Students. Elsevier Health Sciences, Philadelphia; 2009.
• [20]Reamy BV, Slakey JB: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: review and current concepts. Am Fam Physician 2001, 64:111-6.
• [21]Hong L: Identification of spinal deformity classification with total curvature analysis and artificial neural network. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2008, 55:376-82.
• [22]Devedžić G, Ćuković S, Luković V, Milošević D, Subburaj K, Luković T: ScolioMedIS: Web-oriented information system for idiopathic scoliosis visualization and monitoring. Comput Methods Prog Biomed 2012, 108:736-49.
• [23]Ranavolo A, Don R, Draicchio F, Bartolo M, Serrao M, Padua L, et al.: Modelling the spine as a deformable body: feasibility of reconstruction using an optoelectronic system. Appl Ergon 2013, 44:192-9.
• [24]Assi KC, Labelle H, Cheriet F. Statistical model based 3D shape prediction of postoperative trunks for non-invasive scoliosis surgery planning. Comput Biol Med. in press.
• [25]Ajemba PO, Durdle NG, Raso VJ: Characterizing torso shape deformity in scoliosis using structured splines models. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2009, 56:1652-62.
• [26]Jaremko JL, Poncet P, Ronsky J, Harder J, Dansereau J, Labelle H, et al.: Indices of torso asymmetry related to spinal deformity in scoliosis. Clin Biomech 2002, 17:559-68.
• [27]Amann M-C, Bosch T, Myllyla¨ R, Rioux M, Lescure M: Laser ranging: a critical review of usual techniques for distance measurement. Opt Eng 2001, 40:10-9.
• [28]Čelan D, Palfy M, Bračun D, Turk Z, Možina J, Komadina R: Measurement of spinal sagittal curvatures using the laser triangulation method. Coll Antropol 2012, 36:179-86.
• [29]Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AMR. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health; 2013.
• [30]Aylott CE, Puna R, Robertson PA, Walker C: Spinous process morphology: the effect of ageing through adulthood on spinous process size and relationship to sagittal alignment. Eur Spine J 2012, 21:1007-12.
• [31]Peak Detector VI. [http://zone.ni.com/reference/en-XX/help/371361J-01/lvanls/peak_detector/]
• [32]Bronshtein IN, Semendyayev KA, Musiol G, Mühlig H. Handbook of Mathematics. Berlin: Springer; 2007.
• [33]Knott GD. Interpolating Cubic Splines. Boston: Springer; 2000.
• [34]Tortora GJ, Derrickson BH: Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 14th Edition: 14th Edition. 2013.
• [35]Heary RF, Albert TJ. Spinal Deformities: The Essentials. New York: Thieme; 2011.
• [36]Dahlquist G, Björck Å. Numerical Methods. Mineola: Dover Publications; 2003.
• [37]Snider KT, Snider EJ, Degenhardt BF, Johnson JC, Kribs JW: Palpatory accuracy of lumbar spinous processes using multiple bony landmarks. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2011, 34:306-13.
• [38]Harlick JC, Milosavljevic S, Milburn PD: Palpation identification of spinous processes in the lumbar spine. Man Ther 2007, 12:56-62.
• [39]Kilby J, Heneghan NR, Maybury M: Manual palpation of lumbo-pelvic landmarks: a validity study. Man Ther 2012, 17:259-62.