Intimate partner violence among adolescents and young women: prevalence and associated factors in nine countries: a cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health

Claudia Garcia-Moreno⁴  Christina Pallitto³  Laura March²  Heidi Stöckl¹ 

[1] Department of Global Health and Development, Gender Violence & Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK;ORS PACA, Observatoire Régional de la Santé Provence Alpes Côte d’Azur, Marseille, France;Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organisation, Avenue Appia 20, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland;Department of Reproductive Health and Research, Reproductive Rights and Adolescence, World Health Organisation, Avenue Appia 20, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland

关键词: Population-based survey;    Young women;    Adolescents;    Risk factors;    Prevalence;    Intimate partner violence;   

Others  :  1128942
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2458-14-751

 received in 2014-01-31, accepted in 2014-07-10,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Little is known about the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and its associated factors among adolescents and younger women.

Methods

This study analyzed data from nine countries of the WHO Multi-country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence against Women, a population based survey conducted in ten countries between 2000 and 2004.

Results

The lifetime prevalence of IPV ranged from 19 to 66 percent among women aged 15 to 24, with most sites reporting prevalence above 50 percent. Factors significantly associated with IPV across most sites included witnessing violence against the mother, partner’s heavy drinking and involvement in fights, women’s experience of unwanted first sex, frequent quarrels and partner’s controlling behavior. Adolescent and young women face a substantially higher risk of experiencing IPV than older women.

Conclusion

Adolescence and early adulthood is an important period in laying the foundation for healthy and stable relationships, and women’s health and well-being overall. Ensuring that adolescents and young women enjoy relationships free of violence is an important investment in their future.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Stöckl et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Stöckl H, Devries K, Rotstein A, Abrahams N, Campbell J, Watts C, Moreno CG: The global prevalence of intimate partner homicide: a systematic review. Lancet 2013, 382(9895):859-865.
• [2]Devries KM, Mak JYT, García-Moreno C, Petzold M, Child JC, Falder G, Lim S, Bacchus LJ, Engell RE, Rosenfeld L, Pallitto C, Vos T, Abrahams N, Watts CH: The global prevalence of intimate partner violence against women. Science 2013, 340(6140):1527-1528.
• [3]Garcia-Moreno C, Heise L, Jansen HAFM, Ellsberg M, Watts C: Violence against women. Science 2005, 310(5752):1282.
• [4]Brown SL, Bulanda JR: Relationship violence in young adulthood: A comparison of daters, cohabitors, and marrieds. Soc Sci Res 2008, 37(1):73-87.
• [5]Hickman LJ, Jaycox LH, Aronoff J: Dating violence among adolescents. Trauma Violence Abuse 2004, 5(2):123-142.
• [6]Cui M, Ueno K, Gordon M, Fincham FD: The continuation of intimate partner violence from adolescence to young adulthood. J Marriage Fam 2013, 75(2):300-313.
• [7]Silverman JG, Raj A, Clements K: Dating violence and associated sexual risk and pregnancy among adolescent girls in the United States. Pediatrics 2004, 114(2):e220-e225.
• [8]Catallozzi M, Simon PJ, Davidson LL, Breitbart V, Rickert VI: Understanding control in adolescent and young adult relationships. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2011, 165(4):313-319.
• [9]Roman NV, Frantz JM: The prevalence of intimate partner violence in the family: a systematic review of the implications for adolescents in Africa. Fam Pract 2013, 30(3):256-265.
• [10]Wagman J, Baumgartner JN, Geary CW, Nakyanjo N, Ddaaki WG, Serwadda D, Gray R, Nalugoda FK, Wawer MJ: Experiences of sexual coercion among adolescent women qualitative findings from Rakai District, Uganda. J Interpers Violence 2009, 24(12):2073-2095.
• [11]Swart L-A, Seedat M, Stevens G, Ricardo I: Violence in adolescents’ romantic relationships: findings from a survey amongst school-going youth in a South African community. J Adolesc 2002, 25(4):385-395.
• [12]Wubs AG, Aarø LE, Flisher AJ, Bastien S, Onya HE, Kaaya S, Mathews C: Dating violence among school students in Tanzania and South Africa: Prevalence and socio-demographic variations. Scand J Public Health 2009, 37(2 suppl):75-86.
• [13]Erulkar A: Early marriage, marital relations and intimate partner violence in ethiopia. Int Perspect Sex Reprod Health 2013, 39(1):6-13.
• [14]Santhya K, Ram U, Acharya R, Jejeebhoy SJ, Ram F, Singh A: Associations between early marriage and young women’s marital and reproductive health outcomes: evidence from India. Int Perspect Sex Reprod Health 2010, 36(3):132-139.
• [15]Speizer IS, Pearson E: Association between early marriage and intimate partner violence in India: a focus on youth from Bihar and Rajasthan. J Interpers Violence 2011, 26(10):1963-1981.
• [16]Viner RM, Ozer EM, Denny S, Marmot M, Resnick M, Fatusi A, Currie C: Adolescence and the social determinants of health. Lancet 2012, 379:1641-1652.
• [17]Silverman JG, Raj A, Mucci LA, Hathaway JE: Dating violence against adolescent girls and associated substance use, unhealthy weight control, sexual risk behavior, pregnancy, and suicidality. JAMA 2001, 286(5):572-579.
• [18]Vezina J, Hebert M: Risk factors for victimization in romantic relationships of young women. Trauma Violence Abuse 2007, 8(1):33-66.
• [19]Taft A, Watson L: Depression and termination of pregnancy (induced abortion) in a national cohort of young Australian women: the confounding effect of women’s experience of violence. BMC Public Health 2008, 8(1):75.
• [20]Roberts TA, Auinger P, Klein JD: Intimate partner abuse and the reproductive health of sexually active female adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2005, 36(5):380-385.
• [21]Silverman JG, McCauley HL, Decker MR, Miller E, Reed E, Raj A: Coercive forms of sexual risk and associated violence perpetrated by male partners of female adolescents. Perspect Sex Reprod Health 2011, 43(1):60-65.
• [22]Santhya K: Early marriage and sexual and reproductive health vulnerabilities of young women: a synthesis of recent evidence from developing countries. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2011, 23(5):334-339.
• [23]Temin M, Levine R: Start with a Girl: A New Agenda for Global Health. 2009. http://www.cgdev.org/publication/start-girl-new-agenda-global-health webcite, Downloaded 18011012
• [24]Sawyer SM, Afifi RA, Bearinger LH, Blakemore SJ, Dick B, Ezeh AC, Patton GC: Adolescence: a foundation for future health. Lancet 2012, 379:1630-1640.
• [25]Chandra-Mouli V: Interrupting intimate partner violence in developing countries. J Adolesc Health 2012, 50:427-428.
• [26]Olsen JP, Parra GR, Bennett SA: Predicting violence in romantic relationships during adolescence and emerging adulthood: A critical review of the mechanisms by which familial and peer influences operate. Clin Psychol Rev 2010, 30(4):411-422.
• [27]Halpern CT, Spriggs AL, Martin SL, Kupper LL: Patterns of intimate partner violence victimization from adolescence to young adulthood in a nationally representative sample. J Adolesc Health 2009, 45(5):508-516.
• [28]Taft AJ, Watson LF, Lee C: Violence against young Australian women and association with reproductive events: a cross-sectional analysis of a national population sample. Aust N Z J Public Health 2004, 28(4):324-329.
• [29]Abramsky T, Watts C, Garcia-Moreno C, Devries K, Kiss L, Ellsberg M, Jansen H, Heise L: What factors are associated with recent intimate partner violence? findings from the WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence. BMC Public Health 2011, 11(1):109.
• [30]Garcia-Moreno C, Jansen HAFM, Ellsberg M, Heise L, Watts CH: Prevalence of intimate partner violence: findings from the WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence. Lancet 2006, 368(9543):1260-1269.
• [31]Sampson RJ, Laub JH: Crime in the Making. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1993.
• [32]DeMaris A, Benson ML, Fox GL, Hill T, Van Wyk J: Distal and proximal factors in domestic violence: A test of an integrated model. J Marriage Fam 2003, 65(3):652-667.
• [33]Heise LL: What works to prevent partner violence? An evidence overview. 2011. http://r4d.dfid.gov.uk/PDF/Outputs/Gender/60887-PartnerViolenceEvidenceOverview.pdf webcite
• [34]Knerr W, Gardner F, Cluver L: Parenting and the Prevention of Child Maltreatment in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. A Systematic Review of Interventions and a Discussion of Prevention of the Risk of Future Violent Behaviour among Boys. Oxford: South African Medical Council, Oak Foundation and Sexual Violence Research Initiative; 2011.
• [35]García-Moreno C, Jansen H, Ellsberg M, Heise L, Watts C: WHO Multi-Country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence Against Women. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2005.
• [36]Devries KM, Child JC, Bacchus LJ, Mak J, Falder G, Graham K, Watts C, Heise L: Intimate partner violence victimization and alcohol consumption in women: a systematic review and meta‒analysis. Addiction 2014, 109(3):379-391.
• [37]Campbell J, Garcia-Moreno C, Sharps P: Abuse during pregnancy in industrialized and developing countries. Violence Against Women 2004, 10(7):770-789.
• [38]Ellsberg M, Heise L, Peña R, Agurto S, Winkvist A: Researching domestic violence against women: methodological and ethical considerations. Stud Fam Plann 2001, 32(1):1-16.
• [39]Miller E, Decker MR, McCauley HL, Tancredi DJ, Levenson RR, Waldman J, Schoenwald P, Silverman JG: Pregnancy coercion, intimate partner violence and unintended pregnancy. Contraception 2010, 81(4):316-322.
• [40]Devries KM, Kishor S, Johnson H, Stöckl H, Bacchus LJ, Garcia-Moreno C, Watts C: Intimate partner violence during pregnancy: analysis of prevalence data from 19 countries. Reprod Health Matters 2010, 18(36):158-170.
• [41]Stöckl H, Watts C, Filippi V, Watts C, Mbwambo J: Induced abortion, pregnancy loss and intimate partner violence in Tanzania: a population based study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2012. doi:10.1186/1471-2393-12-12