Metabolic syndrome is associated with change in subclinical arterial stiffness - A community-based Taichung Community Health Study

BMC Public Health

Cheng-Chieh Lin³  Tsai-Chung Li³  Fung-Chang Sung⁵  Yi-Dar Lee¹  Chih-Hsueh Lin⁴  Wen-Yuan Lin⁴  Chiu-Shong Liu⁴  Sharon LR Kardia²  Chia-Ing Li⁵ 

[1] Bristol-Myers Squibb Ltd, Global Development & Medical Affair, Taipei, Taiwan;Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan;Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan;Department of Public health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

关键词: arterial stiffness;    pulse wave velocity;    metabolic syndrome;   

Others  :  1164128
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2458-11-808

 received in 2011-06-13, accepted in 2011-10-17,  发布年份 2011

【 摘 要 】

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of MetS on arterial stiffness in a longitudinal study.

Methods

Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), a measurement interpreted as arterial stiffness, was measured in 1518 community-dwelling persons at baseline and re-examined within a mean follow-up period of 3 years. Multivariate linear regression with generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to examine the longitudinal relationship between MetS and its individual components and baPWV, while multivariate logistic regression with GEE was used to examine the longitudinal relationship between MetS and its individual components and the high risk group with arterial stiffness.

Results

Subjects with MetS showed significantly greater baPWV at the end point than those without MetS, after adjusting for age, gender, education, hypertension medication and mean arterial pressure (MAP). MetS was associated with the top quartile of baPWV (the high-risk group of arterial stiffness, adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.52 [1.21-1.90]), and a significant linear trend of risk for the number of components of MetS was found (p for trend < 0.05). In further considering the individual MetS component, elevated blood pressure and fasting glucose significantly predicted a high risk of arterial stiffness (adjusted OR [95% CI] 3.72 [2.81-4.93] and 1.35 [1.08-1.68], respectively).

Conclusions

MetS affects the subject's progression to arterial stiffness. Arterial stiffness increased as the number of MetS components increased. Management of MetS is important for preventing the progression to advanced arterial stiffness.

【 授权许可】

   
2011 Li et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]McNeill AM, Rosamond WD, Girman CJ, Golden SH, Schmidt MI, East HE, Ballantyne CM, Heiss G: The metabolic syndrome and 11-year risk of incident cardiovascular disease in the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Diabetes Care 2005, 28(2):385-390.
• [2]Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) JAMA 2001, 285(19):2486-2497.
• [3]Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH: Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA 2002, 287(3):356-359.
• [4]Lin CC, Liu CS, Lai MM, Li CI, Chen CC, Chang PC, Lin WY, Lee YD, Lin T, Li TC: Metabolic syndrome in a Taiwanese metropolitan adult population. BMC Public Health 2007, 7:239. BioMed Central Full Text
• [5]Meigs JB, Wilson PW, Nathan DM, D'Agostino RB, Williams K, Haffner SM: Prevalence and characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in the San Antonio Heart and Framingham Offspring Studies. Diabetes 2003, 52(8):2160-2167.
• [6]Kim ES, Han SM, Kim YI, Song KH, Kim MS, Kim WB, Park JY, Lee KU: Prevalence and clinical characteristics of metabolic syndrome in a rural population of South Korea. Diabet Med 2004, 21(10):1141-1143.
• [7]Liu J, Hanley AJ, Young TK, Harris SB, Zinman B: Characteristics and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among three ethnic groups in Canada. Int J Obes (Lond) 2006, 30(4):669-676.
• [8]Khazale NS, Haddad F: Prevalence and characteristics of metabolic syndrome in 111 Royal Jordanian Air Force pilots. Aviat Space Environ Med 2007, 78(10):968-972.
• [9]Oh EG, Bang SY, Hyun SS: Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Metabolic Syndrome for At-Risk People in a Rural Community. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2008.
• [10]Park YW, Zhu S, Palaniappan L, Heshka S, Carnethon MR, Heymsfield SB: The metabolic syndrome: prevalence and associated risk factor findings in the US population from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Arch Intern Med 2003, 163(4):427-436.
• [11]Florez H, Silva E, Fernandez V, Ryder E, Sulbaran T, Campos G, Calmon G, Clavel E, Castillo-Florez S, Goldberg R: Prevalence and risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia in White, Black, Amerindian and Mixed Hispanics in Zulia State, Venezuela. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2005, 69(1):63-77.
• [12]Ram KT, Bobby P, Hailpern SM, Lo JC, Schocken M, Skurnick J, Santoro N: Duration of lactation is associated with lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in midlife--SWAN, the study of women's health across the nation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008, 198(3):268-e261. 266
• [13]Cameron AJ, Zimmet PZ, Soderberg S, Alberti KG, Sicree R, Tuomilehto J, Chitson P, Shaw JE: The metabolic syndrome as a predictor of incident diabetes mellitus in Mauritius. Diabet Med 2007, 24(12):1460-1469.
• [14]Hong Y, Jin X, Mo J, Lin HM, Duan Y, Pu M, Wolbrette DL, Liao D: Metabolic syndrome, its preeminent clusters, incident coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality--results of prospective analysis for the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. J Intern Med 2007, 262(1):113-122.
• [15]Ardern CI, Janssen I: Metabolic syndrome and its association with morbidity and mortality. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2007, 32(1):33-45.
• [16]Arnlov J, Ingelsson E, Sundstrom J, Lind L: Impact of body mass index and the metabolic syndrome on the risk of cardiovascular disease and death in middle-aged men. Circulation 121(2):230-236.
• [17]Thomas GN, Phillips AC, Carroll D, Gale CR, Batty GD: The metabolic syndrome adds utility to the prediction of mortality over its components: The Vietnam Experience Study. Atherosclerosis 2009.
• [18]Yamashina A, Tomiyama H, Arai T, Hirose K, Koji Y, Hirayama Y, Yamamoto Y, Hori S: Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity as a marker of atherosclerotic vascular damage and cardiovascular risk. Hypertens Res 2003, 26(8):615-622.
• [19]Kim YK: Impact of the metabolic syndrome and its components on pulse wave velocity. Korean J Intern Med 2006, 21(2):109-115.
• [20]Aso K, Miyata M, Kubo T, Hashiguchi H, Fukudome M, Fukushige E, Koriyama N, Nakazaki M, Minagoe S, Tei C: Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity is useful for evaluation of complications in type 2 diabetic patients. Hypertens Res 2003, 26(10):807-813.
• [21]Yokoyama H, Hirasawa K, Aoki T, Ishiyama M, Koyama K: Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity measured automatically by oscillometric method is elevated in diabetic patients with incipient nephropathy. Diabet Med 2003, 20(11):942-945.
• [22]Dohi Y, Ohashi M, Sugiyama M, Takase H, Sato K, Ueda R: Circulating thrombomodulin levels are related to latent progression of atherosclerosis in hypertensive patients. Hypertens Res 2003, 26(6):479-483.
• [23]Wang JM, Su C, Wang Y, Huang YJ, Yang Z, Chen L, Wu F, Xu SY, Tao J: Elevated circulating endothelial microparticles and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in well-controlled hypertensive patients. J Hum Hypertens 2009, 23(5):307-315.
• [24]Morimoto S, Yurugi T, Aota Y, Sakuma T, Jo F, Nishikawa M, Iwasaka T, Maki K: Prognostic significance of ankle-brachial index, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, flow-mediated dilation, and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation in end-stage renal disease. Am J Nephrol 2009, 30(1):55-63.
• [25]Chen SC, Chang JM, Hwang SJ, Chen JH, Lin FH, Su HM, Chen HC: Comparison of ankle-brachial index and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity between patients with chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis. Am J Nephrol 2009, 29(5):374-380.
• [26]Tso TK, Huang WN, Huang HY, Chang CK: Association of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity with cardiovascular risk factors in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2005, 14(11):878-883.
• [27]Satoh H, Kishi R, Tsutsui H: Metabolic syndrome is a significant and independent risk factor for increased arterial stiffness in Japanese subjects. Hypertens Res 2009, 32(12):1067-1071.
• [28]Kovaite M, Petrulioniene Z, Ryliskyte L, Badariene J, Dzenkeviciute V, Cypiene A, Laucevicius A, Polena S, Gintautas J: Systemic assessment of arterial wall structure and function in metabolic syndrome. Proc West Pharmacol Soc 2007, 50:123-130.
• [29]Teramura M, Emoto M, Araki T, Yokoyama H, Motoyama K, Shinohara K, Mori K, Koyama H, Shoji T, Inaba M, et al.: Clinical impact of metabolic syndrome by modified NCEP-ATPIII criteria on carotid atherosclerosis in Japanese adults. J Atheroscler Thromb 2007, 14(4):172-178.
• [30]Nam JS, Park JS, Cho MH, Jee SH, Lee HS, Ahn CW, Lowe WL, Kim KR: The association between pulse wave velocity and metabolic syndrome and adiponectin in patients with impaired fasting glucose: cardiovascular risks and adiponectin in IFG. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2009, 84(2):145-151.
• [31]Ahluwalia N, Drouet L, Ruidavets JB, Perret B, Amar J, Boccalon H, Hanaire-Broutin H, Ferrieres J: Metabolic syndrome is associated with markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in a French population-based sample. Atherosclerosis 2006, 186(2):345-353.
• [32]Sabio JM, Vargas-Hitos J, Zamora-Pasadas M, Mediavilla JD, Navarrete N, Ramirez A, Hidalgo-Tenorio C, Jaimez L, Martin J, Jimenez-Alonso J: Metabolic syndrome is associated with increased arterial stiffness and biomarkers of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2009, 36(10):2204-2211.
• [33]Nagasaki T, Inaba M, Yamada S, Kumeda Y, Hiura Y, Nishizawa Y: Changes in brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in subclinical hypothyroidism during normalization of thyroid function. Biomed Pharmacother 2007, 61(8):482-487.
• [34]Tomiyama H, Hirayama Y, Hashimoto H, Yambe M, Yamada J, Koji Y, Motobe K, Shiina K, Yamamoto Y, Yamashinai A: The effects of changes in the metabolic syndrome detection status on arterial stiffening: a prospective study. Hypertens Res 2006, 29(9):673-678.
• [35]Safar ME, Thomas F, Blacher J, Nzietchueng R, Bureau JM, Pannier B, Benetos A: Metabolic syndrome and age-related progression of aortic stiffness. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006, 47(1):72-75.
• [36]Berkson J: Limitations of the application of fourfold table analysis to hospital data. Biometrics 1946, 2(3):47-53.
• [37]Feinstein AR, Walter SD, Horwitz RI: An analysis of Berkson's bias in case-control studies. J Chronic Dis 1986, 39(7):495-504.
• [38]Yamashina A, Tomiyama H, Takeda K, Tsuda H, Arai T, Hirose K, Koji Y, Hori S, Yamamoto Y: Validity, reproducibility, and clinical significance of noninvasive brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity measurement. Hypertens Res 2002, 25(3):359-364.
• [39]Li S, Chen W, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS: Childhood blood pressure as a predictor of arterial stiffness in young adults: the bogalusa heart study. Hypertension 2004, 43(3):541-546.
• [40]Kass DA: Ventricular arterial stiffening: integrating the pathophysiology. Hypertension 2005, 46(1):185-193.
• [41]Wautier JL, Guillausseau PJ: Diabetes, advanced glycation endproducts and vascular disease. Vasc Med 1998, 3(2):131-137.