Effects of Lactobacillus salivarius-containing tablets on caries risk factors: a randomized open-label clinical trial

BMC Oral Health

Takao Hirofuji¹  Masahiro Yoneda¹  Nao Suzuki¹  Tetsuyo Nishihara¹ 

[1] Section of General Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 801-0193, Japan

关键词: Probiotics;    Oral environment;    Mutans streptococci;    Lactobacillus salivarius;    Caries risk factor;   

Others  :  1091956
DOI  :  10.1186/1472-6831-14-110

 received in 2014-06-09, accepted in 2014-08-29,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

To evaluate the effects of the lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus salivarius on caries risk factors.

Methods

The study was performed in 64 healthy volunteers to evaluate the effects of L. salivarius-containing tablets on caries risk factors. The participants were divided randomly into four groups, and took tablets containing L. salivarius WB21, L. salivarius TI 2711, Ovalgen® DC (antibody against glucosyltransferase from Streptococcus mutans), or xylitol. Levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli, amount of salivary flow, salivary pH, and salivary buffering capacity were assessed before and after taking the tablets. Subsequently, a short-term administration trial using L. salivarius WB21-containing tablets was performed in eight healthy volunteers. The participants took L. salivarius WB21-containing tablets (2.0 × 10⁹ colony forming units/day) for 2 weeks, and the numbers of mutans streptococci in saliva were counted.

Results

The levels of mutans streptococci seemed to decrease in the L. salivarius WB21, TI 2711, and Ovalgen® DC groups compared to the xylitol group, with no significant differences between the groups. Lactobacilli levels significantly increased in the L. salivarius WB21 and TI 2711 groups compared to the other groups. Concerning salivary flow and salivary pH, no significant differences were observed between the groups. The salivary buffering capacity significantly increased in the L. salivarius TI 2711 group (P = 0.003) and Ovalgen® DC group (P = 0.002) compared to the xylitol group. The short-term administration trial showed that the L. salivarius WB21-containing tablets significantly decreased the number of mutans streptococci (P = 0.039).

Conclusion

L. salivarius-containing tablets were suggested to increase resistance to caries risk factors.

Trial registration

UMIN000013160 (registration date: February 14, 2014).

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Nishihara et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Gotteland M, Brunser O, Cruchet S: Systematic review: are probiotics useful in controlling gastric colonization by Helicobacter pylori? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006, 15:1077-1086.
• [2]Mazmanian SK, Lui C, Tzianaboz AO, Kasper DL: An immunomodulatory molecule of symbiotic bacteria directs maturation of the host immune system. Cell 2005, 122:107-118.
• [3]Chen YS, Jan RL, Lin YL, Chen HH, Wang JY: Randomized placebo-controlled trial of lactobacillus on asthmatic children with allergic rhinitis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2010, 45:1111-1120.
• [4]Uccello M, Malaguarnera G, Basile F, D’agata V, Malaguarnera M, Bertino G, Vacante M, Drago F, Biondi A: Potential role of probiotics on colorectal cancer prevention. BMC Surg 2012, 12:S35. doi:10.1186/1471-2482-12-S1-S35 BioMed Central Full Text
• [5]Ahola AJ, Yli-Knuuttila H, Suomalainen T, Poussa T, Ahlström A, Meurman JH, Korpela R: Short-term consumption of probiotic-containing cheese and its effect on dental caries risk factors. Arch Oral Biol 2002, 47:799-804.
• [6]Romani Vestman N, Hasslöf P, Keller MK, Granström E, Roos S, Twetman S, Stecksén-Blicks C: Lactobacillus reuteri influences regrowth of mutans streptococci after full-mouth disinfection: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Craies Res 2013, 47:338-345.
• [7]Shimauchi H, Mayanagi G, Nakaya S, Minamibuchi M, Ito Y, Yamaki K, Hirata H: Improvement of periodontal condition by probiotics with Lactobacillus salivarius WB21: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Periodontol 2008, 35:897-905.
• [8]Iwamoto T, Suzuki N, Tanabe T, Takeshita T, Hirofuji T: Effects of probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius WB21 on halitosis and oral health: an open-labeed pilot trial. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2010, 110:201-208.
• [9]Suzuki N, Tanabe K, Takeshita T, Yoneda M, Iwamoto T, Oshiro S, Yamashita Y, Hirofuji T: Effects of oil drops containing Lactobacillus salivarius WB21 on periodontal health and oral microbiota producing volatile sulfur compounds. J Breath Res 2012, 6:017106. doi:10.1088/1752-7155/6/1/017106
• [10]Suzuki N, Yoneda M, Tanabe K, Fujimoto A, Iha K, Seno K, Yamada K, Iwamoto T, Masuo Y, Hirofuji T: Lactobcaillus salivarius WB21-containing tablets for the treatment of oral malodor: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014, 117:462-470.
• [11]Meurman JH, Stamatova I: Probiotics: contributions to oral health. Oral Dis 2007, 13:443-451.
• [12]Matsuoka T, Nakanishi M, Aiba Y, Koga Y: Mechanism of Porphyromonas gingivalis killing by Lactobacillus salivarius TI2711. J Jpn Soc Periodontol (Japanese) 2004, 46:118-126.
• [13]Matsuoka T, Sugano N, Takigawa S, Takane M, Yoshinuma N, Ito K, Koga Y: Effect of oral Lactobacillus salivarius TI2711 (LS1) administration on periodontopathic bacteria in subgingival plaque. J Jpn Soc Periodontol (Japanese) 2006, 48:315-324.
• [14]Kanasi E, Johansson I, Lu SC, Kressin NR, Nunn ME, Kent R Jr, Tanner AC: Microbial risk markers for childhood caries in pediatricians’ offices. J Dent Res 2010, 89:378-383.
• [15]Byun R, Nadkarni MA, Chhour KL, Martin FE, Jacques NA, Hunter N: Quantitative analysis of diverse Lactobcaillus species present in advanced dental caries. J Clin Microbiol 2004, 42:3128-3136.
• [16]Hahn CL, Falkler WA Jr, Minah GE: Microbiological studies of carious dentine from human teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Arch Oral Biol 1991, 36:147-153.
• [17]Colloca ME, Ahumada MC, López ME, Nader-Macías ME: Surface properties of lactobacilli isolated from healthy subjects. Oral Dis 2000, 6:227-233.
• [18]Kõll-Klais P, Mändar R, Leibur E, Marcotte H, Hammarström L, Mikelsaar M: Oral lactobacilli in chronic periodontitis and periodontal health: species composition and antimicrobial activity. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2005, 20:354-361.
• [19]Çaglar E, Cildir SK, Ergeneli S, Sandalli N, Twetman S: Salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli levels after ingestion of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 by straws or tablets. Acta Odontol Scand 2006, 64:314-318.
• [20]Chuang LC, Huang CS, Ou-Yang LW, Lin SY: Probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei effect on cariogenic bacterial flora. Clin Oral Investig 2011, 15:471-476.
• [21]Lexner MO, Blomqvist S, Dahlén G, Twetman S: Microbiological profiles in saliva and supragingival plaque from caries-active adolescents before and after a short-term daily intake of milk supplemented with probiotic bacteria – a pilot study. Oral Health Prev Dent 2010, 8:383-388.
• [22]Köhler B, Bratthall D: Practical method to facilitate estimation of Streptococcus mutans levels in saliva. J Clin Microbiol 1979, 9:584-588.
• [23]The R project homepage [http://www.r-project.org webcite]
• [24]Trahan L: Xylitol: A review of its action on mutans streptococci and dental plaque – its clinical significance. Int Dent J 1995, 45:77S-92S.
• [25]Ribelles Llop M, Guinot Jimeno F, Mayné Acién R, Bellet Dalmau LJ: Effects of xylitol chewing gum on salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity and presence of Streptococcus mutans in saliva. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2010, 11:9-14.
• [26]Krüger C, Pearson SK, Kodama Y, Vacca Smith A, Bowen WH, Hammarström L: The effects of egg-derived antibodies to glucosyltransferases on dental caries in rats. Caries Res 2004, 38:9-14.
• [27]Nguyen SV, Icatio FC, Nakano T, Isogai E, Hirose K, Mizugai H, Kobayashi-Sakamoto M, Isogai H, Chiba I: Anti-cell-associated glucosyltransferase immunoglobulin Y suppression of salivary mutans streptococci in healthy young adults. J Am Dent Assoc 2011, 142:943-949.
• [28]Teughels W, Van Essche M, Sliepen I, Quirynen M: Probiotics and oral healthcare. Periodontol 2000 2008, 48:111-147.
• [29]Keller MK, Hasslöf P, Stecksén-Blicks C, Twetman S: Co-aggregation and growth inhibition of probiotic lactobacilli and clinical isolates of mutans streptococci: an in vitro study. Acta Odontol Scand 2011, 69:263-268.
• [30]Holts C, Alexander C, Balcke C, Moré M, Auinger A, Bauer M, Junker L, Grünwald J, Lang C, Pompejus M: Lactobacillus paracasei DSMZ16671 reduces mutans streptococci: a short-term pilot study. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2013, 5:259-263.
• [31]Campus G, Cocco F, Carta G, Cagetti MG, Simark-Mattson C, Strohmenger L, Lingström P: Effect of a daily dose of Lactobacillus brevis CD2 lozenges in high caries risk schoolchildren. Clin Oral Invest 2014, 18:555-561.
• [32]Keller MK, Twetman S: Acid production in dental plaque after exposure to probiotic bacteria. BMC Oral Health 2012, 12:44. doi:10.1186/1472-6831-12-44 BioMed Central Full Text
• [33]Marttinen A, Haukioja A, Karjalainen S, Nylund L, Satokari R, Öhmen C, Holgerson P, Twetman S, Söderling E: Short-term consumption of probiotic lactobacilli has no effect on acid production of supragingival plaque. Clin Oral Investig 2012, 16:797-803.