Reliability and validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in an emergency department in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional observational study

BMC Emergency Medicine

Najeeb Khalid¹  Mashhoor Alshathri²  Adel Al Tamimi²  Shaffi Ahmed Sheikh⁴  Mujtaba Hasan²  Hosam A. Hassan²  M. Owais Suriya³  Zohair A. Al Aseri² 

[1] Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK;Department of Emergency Medicine (65), College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital KSU, Riyadh 11472, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;Fellow Community Health, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107, Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, S7N 5E5, Canada;Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine King Khalid University Hospital KSU, Riyadh 11321, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

关键词: Psychiatric comorbidities;    Accident and emergency department;    Anxiety and depression;    Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS);   

Others  :  1230991
DOI  :  10.1186/s12873-015-0051-4

 received in 2014-11-13, accepted in 2015-09-21,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Depression and anxiety are prevalent psychiatric comorbidities that are known to have a negative impact on a patient’s general prognosis. But screening for these potential comorbidities in a hospital’s accident and emergency department has seldom been undertaken, particularly in Saudi Arabia and elsewhere in the Middle East. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) has been extensively used to evaluate these psychiatric comorbidities in various clinical settings at all levels of health care services except for the accident and emergency department. This study therefore aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the HADS for anxiety and depression among patients at a hospital accident and emergency department in Saudi Arabia.

Methods

This cross-sectional observational study was conducted from January to December 2012. The participants were 257 adult patients (aged 16 years and above) who presented at the accident and emergency department of King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, who met our inclusion criteria. We used an Arabic translation of the HADS. We employed factor analysis to determine the underlying factor structure of that instrument in assessing reliability and validity.

Results

We found the Arabic version of the HADS to be acceptable for 95 % of the subjects. We used Cronbach’s alpha coefficient to evaluate reliability, and it indicated a significant correlation with both the anxiety (0.73) and depression (0.77) subscales of the HADS, thereby supporting the validity of the instrument. By means of factor analysis, we obtained a two-factor solution according to the two HADS subscales (anxiety and depression), and we observed a statistically significant correlation (r = 0.57; p < 0.0001) between the two subscales.

Conclusion

The HADS can be used effectively in an accident and emergency department as an initial screening instrument for anxiety and depression. It thus has great potential as part of integrated multidisciplinary care.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Al Aseri et al.

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