Qualitative observation instrument to measure the quality of parent-child interactions in young children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

BMC Pediatrics

Hedwig Van Bakel⁴  Edgar Van Mil³  Henk-Jan Aanstoot¹  Wilco Emons²  Frans Pouwer⁵  Esther Hartman⁵  Anke Nieuwesteeg⁵ 

[1] Diabeter, Rotterdam TG 3011, The Netherlands;Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, Tilburg LE 5000, The Netherlands;Kidz&Ko, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, P.O. Box 90153, ’s-Hertogenbosch 5200 ME, The Netherlands;Department of TRANZO, Scientific Center for Care and Welfare, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, Tilburg LE 5000, The Netherlands;Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, Tilburg LE 5000, The Netherlands

关键词: Rating scale;    Mealtime;    Parents;    Children;    Behavior;    Parent–child interaction;    Type 1 diabetes mellitus;   

Others  :  1138807
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2431-14-145

 received in 2014-01-16, accepted in 2014-05-01,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

In young children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), parents have complete responsibility for the diabetes-management. In toddlers and (pre)schoolers, the tasks needed to achieve optimal blood glucose control may interfere with normal developmental processes and could negatively affect the quality of parent–child interaction. Several observational instruments are available to measure the quality of the parent–child interaction. However, no observational instrument for diabetes-specific situations is available. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop a qualitative observation instrument, to be able to assess parent–child interaction during diabetes-specific situations.

Methods

First, in a pilot study (n = 15), the observation instrument was developed in four steps: (a) defining relevant diabetes-specific situations; (b) videotaping these situations; (c) describing all behaviors in a qualitative observation instrument; (d) evaluating usability and reliability. Next, we examined preliminary validity (total n = 77) by testing hypotheses about correlations between the observation instrument for diabetes-specific situations, a generic observation instrument and a behavioral questionnaire.

Results

The observation instrument to assess parent–child interaction during diabetes-specific situations, which consists of ten domains: “emotional involvement”, “limit setting”, “respect for autonomy”, “quality of instruction”, “negative behavior”, “avoidance”, “cooperative behavior”, “child’s response to injection”, “emphasis on diabetes”, and “mealtime structure”, was developed for use during a mealtime situation (including glucose monitoring and insulin administration).

Conclusions

The present study showed encouraging indications for the usability and inter-rater reliability (weighted kappa was 0.73) of the qualitative observation instrument. Furthermore, promising indications for the preliminary validity of the observation instrument for diabetes-specific situations were found (r ranged between |.24| and |.45| for significant correlations and between |.10| and |.23| for non-significant trends). This observation instrument could be used in future research to (a) test whether parent–child interactions are associated with outcomes (like HbA_1c levels and psychosocial functioning), and (b) evaluate interventions, aimed at optimizing the quality of parent–child interactions in families with a young child with T1DM.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Nieuwesteeg et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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