Endocannabinoids and related lipids in blood plasma following touch massage: a randomised, crossover study

BMC Research Notes

Christopher J. Fowler²  Malin L. Nording¹  Sandra Gouveia-Figueira¹  Lenita Lindgren³ 

[1] Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden;Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden;Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

关键词: Perceived pleasantness;    Blood plasma;    Stress;    Anxiety;    Touch massage;    Linoleoyl ethanolamide;    Oleoylethanolamide;    Palmitoylethanolamide;    Endocannabinoid;   

Others  :  1229929
DOI  :  10.1186/s13104-015-1450-z

 received in 2015-06-22, accepted in 2015-09-16,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

The endocannabinoid system is involved in the regulation of stress and anxiety. In a recent study, it was reported that short-term changes in mood produced by a pleasant ambience were correlated with changes in the levels of plasma endocannabinoids and related N-acylethanolamines (Schrieks et al. PLoS One 10: e0126421, 2015). In the present study, we investigated whether stress reduction by touch massage (TM) affects blood plasma levels of endocannabinoids and related N-acylethanolamines.

Results

A randomized two-session crossover design for 20 healthy participants was utilised, with one condition that consisted of TM and a rest condition as control. TM increased the perceived pleasantness rating of the participants, and both TM and rest reduced the basal anxiety level as assessed by the State scale of the STAI-Y inventory. However, there were no significant effects of either time (pre- vs. post-treatment measures) as main effect or the interaction time x treatment for the plasma levels of the endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol or for eight other related lipids. Four lipids showed acceptable relative reliabilities, and for two of these (linoleoyl ethanolamide and palmitoleoyl ethanolamide) a significant correlation was seen between the TM-related change in levels, calculated as (post-TM value minus pre-TM value) − (post-rest value minus pre-rest value), and the corresponding TM-related change in perceived pleasantness.

Conclusions

It is concluded that in the participants studied here, there are no overt effects of TM upon plasma endocannabinoid levels. Possible associations of related N-acylethanolamines with the perceived pleasantness should be investigated further.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Lindgren et al.

【 图 表 】

Fig.1.

Fig.2.

Fig.3.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Mackie K: Distribution of cannabinoid receptors in the central and peripheral nervous system. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2005, 168:299-325.
• [2]Atwood BK, Mackie K: CB 2 : a cannabinoid receptor with an identity crisis. Br J Pharmacol 2010, 160:467-479.
• [3]Devane W, Hanus L, Breuer A, Pertwee R, Stevenson L, et al.: Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor. Science 1992, 258:1946-1949.
• [4]Sugiura T, Kondo S, Sugukawa A, Nakane S, Shinoda A, et al.: 2-Arachidonylglycerol: a possible endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand in brain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995, 215:89-97.
• [5]Mechoulam R, Ben-Shabat S, Hanus L, Ligumsky M, Kaminski N, et al.: Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 1995, 50:83-90.
• [6]Hanuš L, Gopher A, Almog S, Mechoulam R: Two new unsaturated fatty acid ethanolamides in brain that bind to the cannabinoid receptor. J Med Chem 1993, 36:3032-3034.
• [7]Lambert DM, Vandevoorde S, Jonsson K-O, Fowler CJ: The palmitoylethanolamide family: a new class of anti-inflammatory agents? Curr Med Chem 2002, 9:663-674.
• [8]Dalle Carbonare M, Del Giudice E, Stecca A, Colavito D, Fabris M, et al.: A saturated N-acylethanolamine other than N-palmitoyl ethanolamine with anti-inflammatory properties: a neglected story. J Neuroendocrinol 2008, 20(Suppl 1):26-34.
• [9]Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Navarro M, Gómez R, Escuredo L, Nava F, et al.: An anorexic lipid mediator regulated by feeding. Nature 2001, 414:209-212.
• [10]Bradshaw HB, Rimmerman N, Hu SS-J, Benton VM, Stuart JM, et al.: The endocannabinoid anandamide is a precursor for the signaling lipid N-arachidonoyl glycine by two distinct pathways. BMC Biochem 2009, 10:14. BioMed Central Full Text
• [11]Huang S, Bisogno T, Petros T, Chang S, Zavitsanos P, et al.: Identification of a new class of molecules, the arachidonoyl amino acids, and characterization of one member that inhibits pain. J Biol Chem 2001, 276:42639-42644.
• [12]Pacher P, Bátkai S, Kunos G: The endocannabinoid system as an emerging target of pharmacotherapy. Pharmacol Rev 2006, 58:389-462.
• [13]Hillard CJ: Stress regulates endocannabinoid-CB1 receptor signaling. Semin Immunol 2014, 26:380-388.
• [14]McLaughlin RJ, Hill MN, Gorzalka BB: A critical role for prefrontocortical endocannabinoid signaling in the regulation of stress and emotional behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014, 42:116-131.
• [15]Dlugos A, Childs E, Stuhr KL, Hillard CJ, de Wit H: Acute stress increases circulating anandamide and other N-acylethanolamines in healthy humans. Neuropsychopharmacology 2012, 37:2416-2427.
• [16]Hill MN, Bierer LM, Makotkine I, Golier JA, Galea S, et al.: Reductions in circulating endocannabinoid levels in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder following exposure to the world trade center attacks. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013, 38:2952-2961.
• [17]Hauer D, Schelling G, Gola H, Campolongo P, Morath J, et al.: Plasma concentrations of endocannabinoids and related primary fatty acid amides in patients with post- traumatic stress disorder. PLoS One 2013, 8:e62741.
• [18]Van Gaal L, Pi-Sunyer X, Després J-P, McCarthy C, Scheen A: Efficacy and safety of rimonabant for improvement of multiple cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight/obese patients: pooled 1-year data from the Rimonabant in Obesity (RIO) program. Diabetes Care 2008, 31(Suppl 2):S229-S240.
• [19]Schrieks IC, Ripken D, Stafleu A, Witkamp RF, Hendriks HFJ: Effects of mood inductions by meal ambiance and moderate alcohol consumption on endocannabinoids and N-acylethanolamines in humans: a randomized crossover trial. PLoS One 2015, 10:e0126401.
• [20]Moyer CA, Rounds J, Hannum JW: A meta-analysis of massage therapy research. Psychol Bull 2004, 130:3-18.
• [21]Ågren A, Berg M: Tactile massage and severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy—women’s experiences. Scand J Caring Sci 2006, 20:169-176.
• [22]Coan JA, Schaefer HS, Davidson RJ: Lending a hand: social regulation of the neural response to threat. Psychol Sci 2006, 17:1032-1039.
• [23]Harris M, Richards KC: The physiological and psychological effects of slow-stroke back massage and hand massage on relaxation in older people. J Clin Nurs 2010, 19:917-926.
• [24]Lindgren L, Westling G, Brulin C, Lehtipalo S, Andersson M, et al.: Pleasant human touch is represented in pregenual anterior cingulate cortex. Neuroimage 2012, 59:3427-3432.
• [25]Baumgartner TA. Norm-referenced measurement: reliability. In: Safarit MJ, Wood TM, editors. Measurement concepts in physical education and exercise science. Champaign; 1989. pp 45–72.
• [26]Lin LI-K: A concordance correlation coefficient to evaluate reproducibility. Biometrics 1989, 45:255-268.
• [27]Shrout PE, Fleiss JL: Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychol Bull 1979, 86:420-428.
• [28]Fleiss JL: Reliability of measurement. In Design and analysis of clinical experiments. Edited by Fleiss JL. Wiley, New York; 1986:1-32.
• [29]Hanlon EC, Tasali E, Leproult R, Stuhr KL, Doncheck E, et al.: Circadian rhythm of circulating levels of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015, 100:220-226.
• [30]Jones PJH, Lin L, Gillingham LG, Yang H, Omar JM: Modulation of plasma N-acylethanolamine levels and physiological parameters by dietary fatty acid composition in humans. J Lipid Res 2014, 55:2655-2664.
• [31]Monteleone P, Piscitelli F, Scognamiglio P, Monteleone AM, Canestrelli B, et al.: Hedonic eating is associated with increased peripheral levels of ghrelin and the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol in healthy humans: a pilot study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012, 97:E917-E924.
• [32]Joosten MM, Balvers MGJ, Verhoeckx KCM, Hendriks HFJ, Witkamp RF: Plasma anandamide and other N-acylethanolamines are correlated with their corresponding free fatty acid levels under both fasting and non-fasting conditions in women. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2010, 7:49. BioMed Central Full Text
• [33]Hansen HS: Effect of diet on tissue levels of palmitoylethanolamide. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2013, 12:17-25.
• [34]Garner B, Phillips LJ, Schmidt HM, Markulev C, O’Connor J, et al.: Pilot study evaluating the effect of massage therapy on stress, anxiety and aggression in a young adult psychiatric inpatient unit. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2008, 42:414-422.
• [35]Billhult A, Määttä S: Light pressure massage for patients with severe anxiety. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2009, 15:96-101.
• [36]Lindgren L, Rundgren S, Winsö O, Lehtipalo S, Wiklund U, et al.: Physiological responses to touch massage in healthy volunteers. Autonom Neurosci Nas Clin 2010, 158:105-110.
• [37]Lindgren L, Lehtipalo S, Winsö O, Karlsson M, Wiklund U, et al.: Touch massage: a pilot study of a complex intervention. Nurs Crit Care 2013, 18:269-277.
• [38]Rolls ET, O’Doherty J, Kringelbach ML, Francis S, Bowtell R, et al.: Representations of pleasant and painful touch in the human orbitofrontal and cingulate cortices. Cereb Cortex 2003, 13:308-317.
• [39]McPartland JM, Giuffrida A, King J, Skinner E, Scotter J, et al.: Cannabimimetic effects of osteopathic manipulative treatment. J Am Osteopath Assoc 2005, 105:283-291.
• [40]Moreira FA, Lutz B: The endocannabinoid system: emotion, learning and addiction. Addict Biol 2008, 13:196-212.
• [41]Bergamaschi MM, Queiroz RHC, Chagas MHN, Linares IMP, Arrais KC, et al.: Rimonabant effects on anxiety induced by simulated public speaking in healthy humans: a preliminary report. Hum Psychopharmacol 2014, 29:94-99.
• [42]Naidu P, Varvel S, Ahn K, Cravatt B, Martin B, et al.: Evaluation of fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibition in murine models of emotionality. Psychopharmacology 2007, 192:61-70.
• [43]Haller J, Barna I, Barsvari B, Gyimesi Pelczer K, Yasar S, et al.: Interactions between environmental aversiveness and the anxiolytic effects of enhanced cannabinoid signaling by FAAH inhibition in rats. Psychopharmacology 2009, 204:607-616.
• [44]Sciolino NR, Zhou W, Hohmann AG: Enhancement of endocannabinoid signaling with JZL184, an inhibitor of the 2-arachidonoylglycerol hydrolyzing enzyme monoacylglycerol lipase, produces anxiolytic effects under conditions of high environmental aversiveness in rats. Pharmacol Res 2011, 64:226-234.
• [45]Choukèr A, Kaufmann I, Kreth S, Hauer D, Feuerecker M, et al.: Motion sickness, stress and the endocannabinoid system. PLoS One 2010, 5:e10752.
• [46]Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y: Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J R Statist Soc B 1995, 57:289-300.
• [47]Jian W, Edom R, Weng N, Zannikos P, Zhang Z, et al.: Validation and application of an LC-MS/MS method for quantitation of three fatty acid ethanolamides as biomarkers for fatty acid hydrolase inhibition in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010, 878:1687-1699.
• [48]Cronfalk BS, Strang P, Ternestedt B-M, Friedrichsen M: The existential experiences of receiving soft tissue massage in palliative home care—an intervention. Support Care Cancer 2009, 17:1203-1211.
• [49]Bergsten U, Petersson IF, Arvidsson B: Perception of tactile massage as a complement to other forms of pain relief in rheumatic disease. Musculoskeletal Care 2005, 3:157-167.
• [50]Spielberger CD: Anxiety: current trends in theory and research. Academic Press, New York; 1972.
• [51]Spielberger CD, Gorssuch RL, Lushene PR, Vagg PR, Jacobs GA: Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory. Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto; 1983.
• [52]Montgomery SA, Åsberg M: A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. Br J Psychiat 1979, 134:382-389.
• [53]Gouveia-Figueira S, Nording ML: Development and validation of a sensitive UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of 15 endocannabinoids and related compounds in milk and other biofluids. Anal Chem 2014, 86:1186-1195.
• [54]Gouveia-Figueira S, Nording ML: Validation of a tandem mass spectrometry method using combined extraction of 42 oxylipins and 15 endocannabinoid-related compounds including prostamides from biological matrices. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Med 2015.
• [55]Conover WJ, Iman RL: Rank transformations as a bridge between parametric and nonparametric statistics. Am Statistician. 1981, 35(3):124-129.
• [56]Lehmann R: General derivation of partial and multiple rank correlation coefficients. Biom J. 1977, 19(4):229-236.
• [57]Nieuwenhuis S, Forstmann BU, Wagenmakers E-J: Erroneous analyses of interactions in neuroscience: a problem of significance. Nat Neurosci 2011, 14:1105-1107.
• [58]Zou GY: Toward using confidence intervals to compare correlations. Psychol Meth. 2007, 12:399-413.