Medical follow-up for workers exposed to bladder carcinogens: the French evidence-based and pragmatic statement

BMC Public Health

Jean-Claude Pairon²  Bénédicte Clin¹ 

[1] Service de Santé au Travail et Pathologie Professionnelle (Occupational Health Department), C.H.U. (University Hospital) Côte de Nacre, 14033 CAEN Cedex, France;Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Service de Pneumologie et de Pathologie Professionnelle, 94000 Créteil, France

关键词: Recommendations;    Medico-professional follow-up;    Occupational exposure;    Bladder cancer;   

Others  :  1123007
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2458-14-1155

 received in 2014-02-01, accepted in 2014-10-17,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

The aim of this work was to establish recommendations for the medical follow-up of workers currently or previously exposed to carcinogenic substances for the bladder.

Methods

A critical synthesis of the literature was conducted. Sectors of activity where workers are or were exposed to carcinogenic substances for the bladder were listed and classified according to the level of bladder cancer risk. Performances of techniques available for the targeted screening of bladder cancer were analysed, including a simulation of results among high-risk populations in France.

Results

The risk level for the professional group and the latency period between the start of exposure and the natural history of the disease were selected to define a targeted screening protocol. The NMP22BC test, exclusive haematuria testing, and combinations of urine cytology with, respectively, the NMP22BC test and haematuria test, generated an extremely high proportion of false positive results.

Conclusion

Urine cytology is the test that offers the best specificity. Although poor for all bladder cancer stages and grades combined, its sensitivity is better for high grades, which require early diagnosis since late-stage cancers are of very poor prognosis. These results suggest that urine cytology is currently the only technique suitable for proposal within the context of a first line targeted screening strategy for occupational bladder cancer. An algorithm summarising the recommended medical follow-up for workers currently or previously exposed to carcinogenic substances for the bladder is proposed, based on the level of risk of bladder cancer.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Clin et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E, Forman D: Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 2011, 61:69-90.
• [2]Ploeg M, Aben KK, Kiemeney LA: The present and future burden of urinary bladder cancer in the world. World J Urol 2009, 27:289-93.
• [3]InVS: Projection de l’incidence et de la mortalité par cancer en France en 2011. InVS, http://www.invs.sante.fr webcite
• [4]Binder-Foucard F, Belot A, Delafosse P, Remontet L, Woronoff A-S, Bossard N: Estimation nationale de l’incidence et de la mortalité par cancer en France entre 1980 et 2012. Partie 1 - Tumeurs solides. Saint-Maurice (Fra): Institut de veille sanitaire; 2013:122.
• [5]Vineis P, Simonato L: Proportion of lung and bladder cancers in males resulting from occupation: a systematic approach. Arch Environ Health 1991, 46:6-15.
• [6]Bang KM: Epidemiology of occupational cancer. Occup Med 1996, 11:467-85.
• [7]Nurminen M, Karjalainen A: Epidemiologic estimate of the proportion of fatalities related to occupational factors in Finland. Scand J Work Environ Health 2001, 27:161-213.
• [8]Imbernon E: Estimation du nombre de cas de certains cancers attribuables à des facteurs professionnels en France. Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Saint-Maurice; 2003:28.
• [9]Yamaguchi N, Tazaki H, Okubo T, Toyama T: Periodic urine cytology surveillance of bladder tumor incidence in dyestuff workers. Am J Ind Med 1982, 3:139-48.
• [10]Mazeman E: Tumors of the upper excretory urinary tract, calices, renal pelvis and ureter. J Urol Nephrol 1972, 78(Suppl 9):1-219.
• [11]Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Hao Y, Xu J, Thun MJ: Cancer statistics, 2009. CA Cancer J Clin 2009, 59:225-49.
• [12]US Preventive Task Force: Screening for bladder cancer in adults: recommendation statement 2004. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspsblad.htm webcite
• [13]Lokeshwar VB, Habuchi T, Grossman HB, Murphy WM, Hautmann SH, Hemstreet GP 3rd, Bono AV, Getzenberg RH, Goebell P, Schmitz-Dräger BJ, Schalken JA, Fradet Y, Marberger M, Messing E, Droller MJ: Bladder tumor markers beyond cytology: international consensus panel on bladder tumor markers. Urology 2005, 66(6 Suppl 1):35-63.
• [14]IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: The Rubber Industry. Volume 28. Lyon: IARC; 1982::486.
• [15]Lakshmi VM, Hsu FF, Zenser TV: Transformation and activation of benzidine by oxidants of the inflammatory response. Chem Res Toxico 2003, 16:367-74.
• [16]Beyerbach A, Rothman N, Bhatnagar VK, Kashyap R, Sabbioni G: Hemoglobin adducts in workers exposed to benzidine and azo dyes. Carcinogenesis 2006, 27:1600-6.
• [17]Melick WF, Escue HM, Naryka JJ, Mezera RA, Wheeler EP: The first reported cases of human bladder tumors due to a new carcinogen-xenylamine. J Urol 1955, 74:760-6.
• [18]Melick WF, Naryka JJ, Kelly RE: Bladder cancer due to exposure to para-aminobiphenyl: a 17-year followup. J Urol 1971, 106:220-6.
• [19]Collins JJ, Strauss ME, Riordan SG: Mortalities of workers at the Nitro plant with exposure to 2-mercaptobenzothialzole. Occup Environ Med 1999, 56:667-71.
• [20]Veys CA: Two epidemiological inquiries into the incidence of bladder tumors in industrial workers. J Natl Cancer Inst 1969, 43:219-26.
• [21]Veys CA: Bladder tumours in rubber workers: a factory study 1946–1995. Occup Med (Lond) 2004, 54:322-9.
• [22]Morinaga K, Oshima A, Hara I: Multiple primary cancers following exposure to benzidine and beta-naphthylamine. Am J Ind Med 1982, 3:243-6.
• [23]Naito S, Tanaka K, Koga H, Kotoh S, Hirohata T, Kumazawa J: Cancer occurrence among dyestuff workers exposed to aromatic amines. A long term follow-up study. Cancer 1995, 76:1445-52.
• [24]Cassidy LD, Youk AO, Marsh GM: The drake health registry study: cause-specific mortality experience of workers potentially exposed to beta-naphthylamine. Am J Ind Med 2003, 44:282-90.
• [25]Sorahan T, Hamilton L, Jackson JR: A further cohort study of workers employed at a factory manufacturing chemicals for the rubber industry, with special reference to the chemicals 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), aniline, phenyl-beta-naphthylamine and o-toluidine. Occup Environ Med 2000, 57:106-15.
• [26]Kogevinas M, Sala M, Boffetta P, Kazerouni N, Kromhout H, Hoar-Zahm S: Cancer risk in the rubber industry: a review of the recent epidemiological evidence. Occup Environ Med 1998, 55:1-12.
• [27]Weiland SK, Mundt KA, Keil U, Kraemer B, Birk T, Person M, Bucher AM, Straif K, Schumann J, Chambless L: Cancer mortality among workers in the German rubber industry: 1981–91. Occup Environ Med 1996, 53(5):289-98.
• [28]Mancuso TF, El-Attar AA: Cohort study of workers exposed to betanaphthylamine and benzidine. J Occup Med 1967, 9(6):277-85.
• [29]Rubino GF, Scansetti G, Piolatto G, Pira E: The carcinogenic effect of aromatic amines: an epidemiological study on the role of o-toluidine and 4,4'-methylene bis (2-methylaniline) in inducing bladder cancer in man. Environ Res 1982, 27(2):241-54.
• [30]Decarli A, Peto J, Piolatto G, La Vecchia C: Bladder cancer mortality of workers exposed to aromatic amines: analysis of models of carcinogenesis. Br J Cancer 1985, 51(5):707-12.
• [31]Bi W, Hayes RB, Feng P, Qi Y, You X, Zhen J, Zhang M, Qu B, Fu Z, Chen M: Mortality and incidence of bladder cancer in benzidine-exposed workers in China. Am J Ind Med 1992, 21(4):481-9.
• [32]Wu W: Occupational cancer epidemiology in the People's Republic of China. J Occup Med 1988, 30(12):968-74.
• [33]Szymczak W, Sitarek K, Baranski B: Mortality of workers in the dye industry. I. Analysis of general mortality. Med Pr 1995, 46(5):459-67.
• [34]Sitarek K, Szymczak W, Baranski B: Mortality among the dye industry workers. II. An analysis of malignant neoplasm mortality. Med Pr 1995, 46(5):469-77.
• [35]Rosenman KD, Reilly MJ: Cancer mortality and incidence among a cohort of benzidine and dichlorobenzidine dye manufacturing workers. Am J Ind Med 2004, 46(5):505-12.
• [36]Ugnat AM, Luo W, Semenciw R, Mao Y: Occupational exposure to chemical and petrochemical industries and bladder cancer risk in four western Canadian provinces. Chronic Dis Can 2004, 25(2):7-15.
• [37]Case RA, Pearson JT: Tumours of the urinary bladder in workmen engaged in the manufacture and use of certain dyestuff intermediates in the British chemical industry. II. Further consideration of the role of aniline and of the manufacture of auramine and magenta (fuchsine) as possible causative agents. Br J Ind Med 1954, 11(3):213-6.
• [38]Stasik MJ: Carcinomas of the urinary bladder in a 4-chloro-o-toluidine cohort. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1988, 60(1):21-4.
• [39]Ward E, Carpenter A, Markowitz S, Roberts D, Halperin W: Excess number of bladder cancers in workers exposed to ortho-toluidine and aniline. J Natl Cancer Inst 1991, 83(7):501-6.
• [40]Ward EM, Sabbioni G, DeBord DG, Teass AW, Brown KK, Talaska GG, Roberts DR, Ruder AM, Streicher RP: Monitoring of aromatic amine exposures in workers at a chemical plant with a known bladder cancer excess. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996, 88(15):1046-52.
• [41]Viet S, Hanley K, Carreon-Valencia T, Viet S, Hanley K, Carreon-Valencia T: Assessment of exposure to o-toluidine and other aromatic amines in a rubber chemical manufacturing plant. NIOSH 2009. IWSB Report 73
• [42]Prince MM, Ward EM, Ruder AM, Salvan A, Roberts DR: Mortality among rubber chemical manufacturing workers. Am J Ind Med 2000, 37:590-8.
• [43]Markowitz SB, Levin K: Continued epidemic of bladder cancer in workers exposed to ortho-toluidine in a chemical factory. J Occup Environ Med 2004, 46(2):154-60.
• [44]Delzell E, Macaluso M, Cole P: A follow-up study of workers at a dye and resin manufacturing plant. J Occup Med 1989, 31(3):273-8.
• [45]Bulbulyan MA, Figgs LW, Zahm SH, Savitskaya T, Goldfarb A, Astashevsky S, Goldfarb A, Astashevsky S, Zaridze D: Cancer incidence and mortality among beta-naphthylamine and benzidine dye workers in Moscow. Int J Epidemiol 1995, 24(2):266-75.
• [46]Ott MG, Langner RR: A mortality survey of men engaged in the manufacture of organic dyes. J Occup Med 1983, 25(10):763-8.
• [47]IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Some Flame Retardants and Textile Chemicals, and Exposures in the Textile Manufacturing Industry. Volume 48. Lyon: IARC; 1990::38.
• [48]Gonzales CA, Riboli E, Lopez-Abente G: Bladder cancer among workers in the textile industry: results of a Spanish case–control study. Am J Ind Med 1988, 14:673-80.
• [49]Cordier S, Clavel J, Limasset JC, Boccon-Gibod L, Le Moual N, Mandereau L, Hemon D: Occupational risks of bladder cancer in France: a multicentre case–control study. Int J Epidemiol 1993, 22:403-11.
• [50]Sorahan T, Hamilton L, van Tongeren M, Gardiner K, Harrington JM: A cohort mortality study of U.K. carbon black workers, 1951–1996. Am J Ind Med 2001, 39:158-70.
• [51]Montanaro F, Ceppi M, Demers PA, Puntoni R, Bonassi S: Mortality in a cohort of tannery workers. Occup Environ Med 1997, 54(8):588-91.
• [52]Baxter PJ, McDowall ME: Occupation and cancer in London: an investigation into nasal and bladder cancer using the cancer atlas. Br J Ind Med 1986, 43(1):44-9.
• [53]Garabrant DH, Wegman DH: Cancer mortality among shoe and leather workers in Massachusetts. Am J Ind Med 1984, 5(4):303-14.
• [54]Cartwright RA, Boyko RW: Kidney cancer among leather workers. Lancet 1984, 1(8381):850-1.
• [55]Fu H, Demers PA, Costantini AS, Winter P, Colin D, Kogevinas M, Boffetta P: Cancer mortality among shoe manufacturing workers: an analysis of two cohorts. Occup Environ Med 1996, 53(6):394-8.
• [56]Costantini AS, Paci E, Miligi L, Buiatti E, Martelli C, Lenzi S: Cancer mortality among workers in the Tuscan tanning industry. Br J Ind Med 1989, 46(6):384-8.
• [57]Ward E, Halperin W, Thun M, Grossman HB, Fink B, Koss L, Osorio AM, Schulte P: Bladder tumors in two young males occupationally exposed to MBOCA. Am J Ind Med 1988, 14(3):267-72.
• [58]Ward E, Halperin W, Thun M, Grossman HB, Fink B, Koss L, Osorio AM, Schulte P: Screening workers exposed to 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) for bladder cancer by cystoscopy. J Occup Med 1990, 32(9):865-8.
• [59]Hogan TJ: Case study "carcinogens:" the MBOCA TLV example. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1993, 54(8):458-60. discussion 61–3
• [60]Mason TJ, Vogler WJ: Bladder cancer screening at the Dupont chambers works: a new initiative. J Occup Med 1990, 32(9):874-7.
• [61]Mason TJ, Walsh WP, Lee K, Vogler W: New opportunities for screening and early detection of bladder cancer. J Cell Biochem Suppl 1992, 16I:13-22.
• [62]Chen HI, Liou SH, Loh CH, Uang SN, Yu YC, Shih TS: Bladder cancer screening and monitoring of 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) exposure among workers in Taiwan. Urology 2005, 66:305-10.
• [63]Liu CS, Liou SH, Loh CH, Yu YC, Uang SN, Shih TS, Chen HI: Occupational bladder cancer in a 4,4 -methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (MBOCA)-exposed worker. Environ Health Perspect 2005, 113(6):771-4.
• [64]Claude J, Kunze E, Frentzel-Beyme R, Paczkowski K, Schneider J, Schubert H: Life-style and occupational risk factors in cancer of the lower urinary tract. Am J Epidemiol 1986, 124(4):578-89.
• [65]Claude JC, Frentzel-Beyme RR, Kunze E: Occupation and risk of cancer of the lower urinary tract among men. A case–control study. Int J Cancer 1988, 41(3):371-9.
• [66]Kunze E, Chang-Claude J, Frentzel-Beyme R: Life style and occupational risk factors for bladder cancer in Germany. A case–control study. Cancer 1992, 69(7):1776-90.
• [67]Zheng W, McLaughlin JK, Gao YT, Silverman DT, Gao RN, Blot WJ: Bladder cancer and occupation in Shanghai, 1980–1984. Am J Ind Med 1992, 21(6):877-85.
• [68]Zahm SH, Hartge P, Hoover R: The national bladder cancer study: employment in the chemical industry. J Natl Cancer Inst 1987, 79(2):217-22.
• [69]La Vecchia C, Negri E, D'Avanzo B, Franceschi S: Occupation and the risk of bladder cancer. Int J Epidemiol 1990, 19(2):264-8.
• [70]Popp W, Schmieding W, Speck M, Vahrenholz C, Norpoth K: Incidence of bladder cancer in a cohort of workers exposed to 4-chloro-o-toluidine while synthesising chlordimeform. Br J Ind Med 1992, 49:529-31.
• [71]Wigle DT: Bladder cancer: possible new high-risk occupation. Lancet 1977, 2:83-4.
• [72]Theriault G, De Guire L, Cordier S: Reducing aluminum: an occupation possibly associated with bladder cancer. Can Med Assoc J 1981, 124(4):419. –22, 25
• [73]Milham S Jr: Mortality in aluminum reduction plant workers. J Occup Med 1979, 21(7):475-80.
• [74]Gibbs GW, Horowitz I: Lung cancer mortality in aluminum reduction plant workers. J Occup Med 1979, 21(5):347-53.
• [75]Simonato L: Carcinogenic risk in the aluminium production industry: an epidemiological overview. Med Lav 1981, 72(4):266-76.
• [76]Gibbs GW: Mortality of aluminum reduction plant workers, 1950 through 1977. J Occup Med 1985, 27(10):761-70.
• [77]Theriault G, Tremblay C, Cordier S, Gingras S: Bladder cancer in the aluminium industry. Lancet 1984, 1(8383):947-50.
• [78]Armstrong BG, Tremblay CG, Cyr D, Theriault GP: Estimating the relationship between exposure to tar volatiles and the incidence of bladder cancer in aluminum smelter workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 1986, 12(5):486-93.
• [79]Tremblay C, Armstrong B, Theriault G, Brodeur J: Estimation of risk of developing bladder cancer among workers exposed to coal tar pitch volatiles in the primary aluminum industry. Am J Ind Med 1995, 27(3):335-48.
• [80]Andersen A, Dahlberg BE, Magnus K, Wannag A: Risk of cancer in the Norwegian aluminium industry. Int J Cancer 1982, 29(3):295-8.
• [81]Rockette HE, Arena VC: Mortality studies of aluminum reduction plant workers: potroom and carbon department. J Occup Med 1983, 25(7):549-57.
• [82]Mur JM, Moulin JJ, Meyer-Bisch C, Massin N, Coulon JP, Loulergue J: Mortality of aluminium reduction plant workers in France. Int J Epidemiol 1987, 16(2):257-64.
• [83]Moulin JJ, Clavel T, Buclez B, Laffitte-Rigaud G: A mortality study among workers in a French aluminium reduction plant. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2000, 73(5):323-30.
• [84]Spinelli JJ, Band PR, Svirchev LM, Gallagher RP: Mortality and cancer incidence in aluminum reduction plant workers. J Occup Med 1991, 33(11):1150-5.
• [85]Romundstad P, Andersen A, Haldorsen T: Cancer incidence among workers in six Norwegian aluminum plants. Scand J Work Environ Health 2000, 26(6):461-9.
• [86]Ronneberg A, Andersen A: Mortality and cancer morbidity in workers from an aluminium smelter with prebaked carbon anodes–part II: cancer morbidity. Occup Environ Med 1995, 52(4):250-4.
• [87]Ronneberg A, Haldorsen T, Romundstad P, Andersen A: Occupational exposure and cancer incidence among workers from an aluminum smelter in western Norway. Scand J Work Environ Health 1999, 25(3):207-14.
• [88]Romundstad P, Haldorsen T, Andersen A: Lung and bladder cancer among workers in a Norwegian aluminium reduction plant. Occup Environ Med 2000, 57(7):495-9.
• [89]Romundstad P, Andersen A, Haldorsen T: Nonmalignant mortality among workers in six Norwegian aluminum plants. Scand J Work Environ Health 2000, 26(6):470-5.
• [90]IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Occupational Exposures of Hairdressers and Barbers and Personal use of Hair Colourants, Some Hair Dyes, Cosmetic Colourants, Industrial Dyestuffs and Aromatic Amines. Volume 57. Lyon: IARC; 1993::427.
• [91]Guberan E, Raymond L, Sweetnam PM: Increased risk for male bladder cancer among a cohort of male and female hairdressers from Geneva. Int J Epidemiol 1985, 14(4):549-54.
• [92]Harling M, Schablon A, Schedlbauer G, Dulon M, Nienhaus A: Bladder cancer among hairdressers: a meta-analysis. Occup Environ Med 2010, 67:351-8.
• [93]Takkouche B, Regueira-Mendez C, Montes-Martinez A: Risk of cancer among hairdressers and related workers: a meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2009, 38:1512-31.
• [94]Lynge E: Occupational mortality and cancer analysis. Public Health Rev 1990, 18(2):99-116.
• [95]Andersen A, Barlow L, Engeland A, Kjaerheim K, Lynge E, Pukkala E: Work-related cancer in the Nordic countries. Scand J Work Environ Health 1999, 25(Suppl 2):1-116.
• [96]Czene K, Tiikkaja S, Hemminki K: Cancer risks in hairdressers: assessment of carcinogenicity of hair dyes and gels. Int J Cancer 2003, 105(1):108-12.
• [97]Ji J, Granstrom C, Hemminki K: Occupation and bladder cancer: a cohort study in Sweden. Br J Cancer 2005, 92:1276-8.
• [98]Turesky RJ, Freeman JP, Holland RD, Nestorick DM, Miller DW, Ratnasinghe DL, Kadlubar FF: Identification of aminobiphenyl derivatives in commercial hair dyes. Chem Res Toxicol 2003, 16(9):1162-73.
• [99]Teta MJ, Schnatter AR, Ott MG, Pell S: Mortality surveillance in a large chemical company: the Union Carbide Corporation experience, 1974–1983. Am J Ind Med 1990, 17(4):435-47.
• [100]Bond GG, Shellenberger RJ, Fishbeck WA, Cartmill JB, Lasich BJ, Wymer KT, Cook RR: Mortality among a large cohort of chemical manufacturing employees. J Natl Cancer Inst 1985, 75(5):859-69.
• [101]Burchfiel CM, Cartmill JB, Axe FD, Bond GG: General mortality and respiratory cancer among a cohort of male chemical workers in California. Am J Ind Med 1992, 22(1):69-83.
• [102]Pifer JW, Hearne FT, Friedlander BR, McDonough JR: Mortality study of men employed at a large chemical plant, 1972 through 1982. J Occup Med 1986, 28(6):438-44.
• [103]Hansen J, Olsen JH, Larsen AI: Cancer morbidity among employees in a Danish pharmaceutical plant. Int J Epidemiol 1994, 23(5):891-8.
• [104]Thomas TL, Decoufle P: Mortality among workers employed in the pharmaceutical industry: a preliminary investigation. J Occup Med 1979, 21(9):619-23.
• [105]Harrington JM, Goldblatt P: Census based mortality study of pharmaceutical industry workers. Br J Ind Med 1986, 43(3):206-11.
• [106]Edling C, Friis L, Mikoczy Z, Hagmar L, Lindfors P: Cancer incidence among pharmaceutical workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 1995, 21(2):116-23.
• [107]Davies JM, Thomas HF, Manson D: Bladder tumours among rodent operatives handling ANTU. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1982, 285(6346):927-31.
• [108]Lafontaine M, Framboisier X, Morèle Y, Gendre J, Braud M, Ferrand C, Guillouzic JF: Risques chimiques liés à l'impression offset. Cahiers de notes documentaires 1996, 2033-165-96:475-80.
• [109]Bulbulyan MA, Ilychova SA, Zahm SH, Astashevsky SV, Zaridze DG: Cancer mortality among women in the Russian printing industry. Am J Ind Med 1999, 36:166-71.
• [110]Lynge E, Rix BA, Villadsen E, Andersen I, Hink M, Olsen E, Møller UL, Silfverberg E: Cancer in printing workers in Denmark. Occup Environ Med 1995, 52(11):738-44.
• [111]Kvam BM, Romundstad PR, Boffetta P, Andersen A: Cancer in the Norwegian printing industry. Scand J Work Environ Health 2005, 31(1):36-43.
• [112]Boffetta P, Jourenkova N, Gustavsson P: Cancer risk from occupational and environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Cancer Causes Control 1997, 8(3):444-72.
• [113]Breslin P: Mortality Among Foundry men in Steel Mills. In Dusts and Disease. Edited by Lemen R, Dement J. Park Forest South: Pathotox Publishers; 1979:439-47.
• [114]Decoufle P, Wood DJ: Mortality patterns among workers in a gray iron foundry. Am J Epidemiol 1979, 109(6):667-75.
• [115]Andjelkovich DA, Mathew RM, Richardson RB, Levine RJ: Mortality of iron foundry workers: I. Overall findings. J Occup Med 1990, 32(6):529-40.
• [116]Hansen ES: Cancer mortality among Danish molders. Am J Ind Med 1991, 20(3):401-9.
• [117]Sherson D, Svane O, Lynge E: Cancer incidence among foundry workers in Denmark. Arch Environ Health 1991, 46(2):75-81.
• [118]Sorahan T, Faux AM, Cooke MA: Mortality among a cohort of United Kingdom steel foundry workers with special reference to cancers of the stomach and lung, 1946–90. Occup Environ Med 1994, 51(5):316-22.
• [119]Mallin K: A nested case–control study of bladder cancer incidence in a steel manufacturing plant. Am J Ind Med 1998, 34:393-8.
• [120]Moulin JJ, Clavel T, Roy D, Dananche B, Marquis N, Fevotte J, Fontana JM: Risk of lung cancer in workers producing stainless steel and metallic alloys. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2000, 73(3):171-80.
• [121]Evanoff BA, Gustavsson P, Hogstedt C: Mortality and incidence of cancer in a cohort of Swedish chimney sweeps: an extended follow up study. Br J Ind Med 1993, 50:450-9.
• [122]Doll R, Vessey MP, Beasley RW, Buckley AR, Fear EC, Fisher RE, Gammon EJ, Gunn W, Hughes GO, Lee K, Norman-Smith B: Mortality of gasworkers - final report of a prospective study. Br J Ind Med 1972, 29:394-406.
• [123]Gustavsson P, Reuterwall C: Mortality and incidence of cancer among Swedish gas workers. Br J Ind Med 1990, 47:169-74.
• [124]Bosetti C, Boffetta P, La Vecchia C: Occupational exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and respiratory and urinary tract cancers: a quantitative review to 2005. Ann Oncol 2007, 18:431-46.
• [125]Bender AP, Parker DL, Johnson RA, Scharber WK, Williams AN, Marbury MC, Mandel JS: Minnesota highway maintenance worker study: cancer mortality. Am J Ind Med 1989, 15(5):545-56.
• [126]Hammond EC, Selikoff IJ, Lawther PL, Seidman H: Inhalation of benzpyrene and cancer in man. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1976, 271:116-24.
• [127]Partanen T, Boffetta P: Cancer risk in asphalt workers and roofers: review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Am J Ind Med 1994, 26(6):721-40.
• [128]Stern FB, Ruder AM, Chen G: Proportionate mortality among unionized roofers and waterproofers. Am J Ind Med 2000, 37:478-92.
• [129]IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Diesel and Gasoline Engine Exhausts and Some Nitroarenes. Volume 46. Lyon: IARC; 1989::27.
• [130]IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Some Non-heterocyclic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and SomeRelated Exposures. Lyon: IARC; 2010:868.
• [131]Boffetta P, Silverman DT: A meta-analysis of bladder cancer and diesel exhaust exposure. Epidemiology 2001, 12:125-30.
• [132]Manju L, George PS, Mathew A: Urinary bladder cancer risk among motor vehicle drivers: a meta-analysis of the evidence, 1977–2008. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2009, 10:287-94.
• [133]Calvert GM, Ward E, Schnorr TM, Fine LJ: Cancer risks among workers exposed to metalworking fluids: a systematic review. Am J Ind Med 1998, 33:282-92.
• [134]Howe GR, Burch JD, Miller AB, Cook GM, Esteve J, Morrison B, Gordon P, Chambers LW, Fodor G, Winsor GM: Tobacco use, occupation, coffee, various nutrients, and bladder cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1980, 64(4):701-13.
• [135]Schifflers E, Jamart J, Renard V: Tobacco and occupation as risk factors in bladder cancer: a case–control study in southern Belgium. Int J Cancer 1987, 39(3):287-92.
• [136]Siemiatycki J, Dewar R, Nadon L, Gerin M, Richardson L, Wacholder S: Associations between several sites of cancer and twelve petroleum-derived liquids. Results from a case-referent study in Montreal. Scand J Work Environ Health 1987, 13(6):493-504.
• [137]Silverman DT, Levin LI, Hoover RN, Hartge P: Occupational risks of bladder cancer in the United States: I. White men. J Natl Cancer Inst 1989, 81(19):1472-80.
• [138]Gonzalez CA, Lopez-Abente G, Errezola M, Escolar A, Riboli E, Izarzugaza I, Nebot M: Occupation and bladder cancer in Spain: a multi-centre case–control study. Int J Epidemiol 1989, 18(3):569-77.
• [139]Friesen MC, Costello S, Eisen EA: Quantitative exposure to metalworking fluids and bladder cancer incidence in a cohort of autoworkers. Am J Epidemiol 2009, 169:1471-8.
• [140]Colt JS, Karagas MR, Schwenn M, Baris D, Johnson A, Stewart P, Verrill C, Moore LE, Lubin J, Ward MH, Samanic C, Rothman N, Cantor KP, Beane Freeman LE, Schned A, Cherala S, Silverman DT: Occupation and bladder cancer in a population-based case–control study in Northern New England. Occup Environ Med 2011, 68:239-49.
• [141]IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Occupational Exposures in Paint Manufacture and Painting. Lyon: IARC; 1989.
• [142]Yamaguchi N, Watanabe S, Okubo T, Takahashi K: Work-related bladder cancer risks in male Japanese workers: estimation of attributable fraction and geographical correlation analysis. Jpn J Cancer Res 1991, 82(6):624-31.
• [143]Bosetti C, Pira E, La Vecchia C: Bladder cancer risk in painters: a review of the epidemiological evidence, 1989–2004. Cancer Causes Control 2005, 16(9):997-1008.
• [144]Gaertner RR, Trpeski L, Johnson KC: A case–control study of occupational risk factors for bladder cancer in Canada. Cancer Causes Control 2004, 15(10):1007-19.
• [145]Pelucchi C, La Vecchia C, Negri E, Dal Maso L, Franceschi S: Smoking and other risk factors for bladder cancer in women. Prev Med 2002, 35:114-20.
• [146]Zheng T, Cantor KP, Zhang Y, Lynch CF: Occupation and bladder cancer: a population-based, case–control study in Iowa. J Occup Environ Med 2002, 44(7):685-91.
• [147]Siemiatycki J, Dewar R, Nadon L, Gerin M: Occupational risk factors for bladder cancer: results from a case–control study in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Am J Epidemiol 1994, 140(12):1061-80.
• [148]Guha N, Steenland NK, Merletti F, Altieri A, Cogliano V, Straif K: Bladder cancer risk in painters: a meta-analysis. Occup Environ Med 2010, 67(8):568-73.
• [149]Bachand A, Mundt KA, Mundt DJ, Carlton LE: Meta-analyses of occupational exposure as a painter and lung and bladder cancer morbidity and mortality 1950–2008. Crit Rev Toxicol 2010, 40(2):101-25.
• [150]Vena JE, Sultz HA, Fiedler RC, Barnes RE: Mortality of workers in an automobile engine and parts manufacturing complex. Br J Ind Med 1985, 42:85-93.
• [151]Park RM, Mirer FE: A survey of mortality at two automotive engine manufacturing plants. Am J Ind Med 1996, 30:664-73.
• [152]IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: Dry Cleaning, Some Chlorinated Solvents and Other Industrial Chemicals. Volume 63. Lyon: IARC; 1995::565.
• [153]Blair A, Stewart PA, Tolbert PE, Grauman D, Moran FX, Vaught J, Rayner J: Cancer and other causes of death among a cohort of dry cleaners. Br J Ind Med 1990, 47(3):162-8.
• [154]Ruder AM, Ward EM, Brown DP: Cancer mortality in female and male dry-cleaning workers. J Occup Med 1994, 36(8):867-74.
• [155]Mundt KA, Birk T, Burch MT: Critical review of the epidemiological literature on occupational exposure to perchloroethylene and cancer. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2003, 76(7):473-91.
• [156]Blair A, Petralia SA, Stewart PA: Extended mortality follow-up of a cohort of dry cleaners. Ann Epidemiol 2003, 13:50-6.
• [157]Swanson GM, Burns PB: Cancer incidence among women in the workplace: a study of the association between occupation and industry and 11 cancer sites. J Occup Environ Med 1995, 37(3):282-7.
• [158]Lynge E, Andersen A, Rylander L, Tinnerberg H, Lindbohm ML, Pukkala E, Romundstad P, Jensen P, Clausen LB, Johansen K: Cancer in persons working in dry cleaning in the Nordic countries. Environ Health Perspect 2006, 114(2):213-9.
• [159]Selden AI, Ahlborg G Jr: Cancer morbidity in Swedish dry-cleaners and laundry workers: historically prospective cohort study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2011, 84(4):435-43.
• [160]Viel JF, Challier B: Bladder cancer among French farmers: does exposure to pesticides in vineyards play a part? Occup Environ Med 1995, 52:587-92.
• [161]Michelotti FW: Hazardous chemical safety in the laboratory. Anal Chem 1979, 51(4):441A-56A.
• [162]Brown TP, Paulson J, Pannett B, Coupland C, Coggon D, Chilvers CE, Sasco AJ: Mortality pattern among biological research laboratory workers. Br J Cancer 1996, 73(9):1152-5.
• [163]Chiazze L Jr, Walf P, Ference LD: An historical cohort study of mortality among salaried research and development workers of the Allied Corporation. J Occup Med 1986, 28(11):1185-8.
• [164]Dosemeci M, Alavanja M, Vetter R, Eaton B, Blair A: Mortality among laboratory workers employed at the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Epidemiology 1992, 3(3):258-62.
• [165]Gustavsson P, Reuterwall C, Sadigh J, Soderholm M: Mortality and cancer incidence among laboratory technicians in medical research and routine laboratories (Sweden). Cancer Causes Control 1999, 10(1):59-64.
• [166]Wennborg H, Yuen J, Axelsson G, Ahlbom A, Gustavsson P, Sasco AJ: Mortality and cancer incidence in biomedical laboratory personnel in Sweden. Am J Ind Med 1999, 35:382-9.
• [167]Daly L, Herity B, Bourke GJ: An investigation of brain tumours and other malignancies in an agricultural research institute. Occup Environ Med 1994, 51(5):295-8.
• [168]Steineck G, Plato N, Alfredsson L, Norell SE: Industry-related urothelial carcinogens: application of a job-exposure matrix to census data. Am J Ind Med 1989, 16(2):209-24.
• [169]Karlehagen S, Andersen A, Ohlson CG: Cancer incidence among creosote-exposed workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 1992, 18(1):26-9.
• [170]Wong O, Harris F: Retrospective cohort mortality study and nested case–control study of workers exposed to creosote at 11 wood-treating plants in the United States. J Occup Environ Med 2005, 47:683-97.
• [171]Kjuus H, Andersen A, Langard S: Incidence of cancer among workers producing calcium carbide. Br J Ind Med 1986, 43:237-42.
• [172]Miller BG, Cowie HA, Middleton WG, Seaton A: Epidemiologic studies of Scottish oil shale workers: III. Causes of death. Am J Ind Med 1986, 9(5):433-46.
• [173]Hodgson JT, Jones RD: A mortality study of carbon black workers employed at five United Kingdom factories between 1947 and 1980. Arch Environ Health 1985, 40(5):261-8.
• [174]Dell LD, Mundt KA, Luippold RS, Nunes AP, Cohen L, Burch MT, Heidenreich MJ, Bachand AM, International Carbon Black Association: A cohort mortality study of employees in the U.S. carbon black industry. J Occup Environ Med 2006, 48:1219-29.
• [175]Wellmann J, Weiland SK, Neiteler G, Klein G, Straif K: Cancer mortality in German carbon black workers 1976–98. Occup Environ Med 2006, 63:513-21.
• [176]Puntoni R, Ceppi M, Gennaro V, Ugolini D, Puntoni M, La Manna G, Casella C, Merlo DF: Occupational exposure to carbon black and risk of cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2004, 15:511-6.
• [177]Moulin JJ, Wild P, Mur JM, Lafontaine M, Lefer M, Mercier-Gallay M, Villemot P, Whebi V, Coulon JP: Risk of lung, larynx, pharynx and buccal cavity cancers among carbon electrode manufacturing workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 1989, 15(1):30-7.
• [178]Donato F, Monarca S, Marchionna G, Rossi A, Cicioni C, Chiesa R, Colin D, Boffetta P: Mortality from cancer and chronic respiratory diseases among workers who manufacture carbon electrodes. Occup Environ Med 2000, 57(7):484-7.
• [179]Merlo DF, Garattini S, Gelatti U, Simonati C, Covolo L, Ceppi M, Donato F: A mortality cohort study among workers in a graphite electrode production plant in Italy. Occup Environ Med 2004, 61(2):e9.
• [180]Lloyd JW, Lundin FE Jr, Redmond CK, Geiser PB: Long-term mortality study of steelworkers. IV. Mortality by work area. J Occup Med 1970, 12(5):151-7.
• [181]Costantino JP, Redmond CK, Bearden A: Occupationally related cancer risk among coke oven workers: 30 years of follow-up. J Occup Environ Med 1995, 37(5):597-604.
• [182]Franco F, Chellini E, Seniori Costantini A, Gioia A, Carra G, Paolinelli F, Martelli C, Vigotti M: Mortality in the coke oven plant of Carrara, Italy. Med Lav 1993, 84(6):443-7.
• [183]Chau N, Bertrand JP, Mur JM, Figueredo A, Patris A, Moulin JJ, Pham QT: Mortality in retired coke oven plant workers. Br J Ind Med 1993, 50(2):127-35.
• [184]Giberti C, Gallo F, Schenone M, Genova A: Early Results of Urothelial Carcinoma Screening in a Risk Population of Coke Workers: Urothelial Carcinoma Among Coke Workers. United States: 2010 The Editorial Board of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V; 2010:300-4. [Biomed Environ Sci]
• [185]Bye T, Romundstad PR, Ronneberg A, Hilt B: Health survey of former workers in a Norwegian coke plant: Part 2. Cancer incidence and cause specific mortality. Occup Environ Med 1998, 55(9):622-6.
• [186]Swaen GM, Slangen JJ, Volovics A, Hayes RB, Scheffers T, Sturmans F: Mortality of coke plant workers in The Netherlands. Br J Ind Med 1991, 48(2):130-5.
• [187]Lafontaine M, Payan JP, Delsaut P, Morele Y: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in an artificial shooting target factory: assessment of 1-hydroxypyrene urinary excretion as a biological indicator of exposure. Ann Occup Hyg 2000, 44:89-100.
• [188]Goutet P: Evolution des expositions industrielles aux cancérogènes vésicaux - approche par secteurs industriels. In Cancers de la vessie et risques professionnels. Edited by Héry M. Les Ulis: EDP Sciences; 2009:89-112.
• [189]Mian C, Lodde M, Comploj E, Negri G, Egarter-Vigl E, Lusuardi L, Palermo S, Marberger M, Pycha A: Liquid-based cytology as a tool for the performance of uCyt + and Urovysion Multicolour-FISH in the detection of urothelial carcinoma. Cytopathology 2003, 14:338-42.
• [190]Schroeder GL, Lorenzo-Gomez MF, Hautmann SH, Friedrich MG, Ekici S, Huland H, Lokeshwar V: A side by side comparison of cytology and biomarkers for bladder cancer detection. J Urol 2004, 172:1123-6.
• [191]May M, Hakenberg OW, Gunia S, Pohling P, Helke C, Lubbe L, Nowack R, Siegsmund M, Hoschke B: Comparative diagnostic value of urine cytology, UBC-ELISA, and fluorescence in situ hybridization for detection of transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder in routine clinical practice. Urology 2007, 70:449-53.
• [192]Meiers I, Singh H, Hossain D, Lang K, Liu L, Qian J, Verhest AP, Bostwick DG: Improved filter method for urine sediment detection of urothelial carcinoma by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2007, 131:1574-7.
• [193]Messing EM, Teot L, Korman H, Underhill E, Barker E, Stork B, Qian J, Bostwick DG: Performance of urine test in patients monitored for recurrence of bladder cancer: a multicenter study in the United States. J Urol 2005, 174:1238-41.
• [194]Piaton E, Daniel L, Verriele V, Dalifard I, Zimmermann U, Renaudin K, Gobet F, Caratero A, Desvaux D, Pouille Y, Seigneurin D, French Prospective Multicenter Study: Improved detection of urothelial carcinomas with fluorescence immunocytochemistry (uCyt + assay) and urinary cytology: results of a French prospective multicenter study. Lab Invest 2003, 83:845-52.
• [195]Poulakis V, Witzsch U, De Vries R, Altmannsberger HM, Manyak MJ, Becht E: A comparison of urinary nuclear matrix protein-22 and bladder tumour antigen tests with voided urinary cytology in detecting and following bladder cancer: the prognostic value of false-positive results. BJU Int 2001, 88:692-701.
• [196]Takeuchi Y, Sawada Y, Yabuki D, Masuda E, Satou D, Kuroda K, Tajima M, Sawamura Y, Matsushima M: Clinical study of urine NMP 22 (nuclear matrix protein 22) as a tumor marker in urinary epithelial cancer. Aktuelle Urol 2003, 34:265-6.
• [197]Talwar R, Sinha T, Karan SC, Doddamani D, Sandhu A, Sethi GS, Srivastava A, Narang V, Agarwal A, Adhlakha N: Voided urinary cytology in bladder cancer: is it time to review the indications? Urology 2007, 70:267-71.
• [198]Bhuiyan J, Akhter J, O'Kane DJ: Performance characteristics of multiple urinary tumor markers and sample collection techniques in the detection of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Clin Chim Acta 2003, 331:69-77.
• [199]Boman H, Hedelin H, Jacobsson S, Holmang S: Newly diagnosed bladder cancer: the relationship of initial symptoms, degree of microhematuria and tumor marker status. J Urol 2002, 168:1955-9.
• [200]Halling KC, King W, Sokolova IA, Karnes RJ, Meyer RG, Powell EL, Sebo TJ, Cheville JC, Clayton AC, Krajnik KL, Ebert TA, Nelson RE, Burkhardt HM, Ramakumar S, Stewart CS, Pankratz VS, Lieber MM, Blute ML, Zincke H, Seelig SA, Jenkins RB, O'Kane DJ: A comparison of BTA stat, hemoglobin dipstick, telomerase and Vysis UroVysion assays for the detection of urothelial carcinoma in urine. J Urol 2002, 167:2001-6.
• [201]Parekattil SJ, Fisher HA, Kogan BA: Neural network using combined urine nuclear matrix protein-22, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and urinary intercellular adhesion molecule-1 to detect bladder cancer. J Urol 2003, 169:917-20.
• [202]Saad A, Hanbury DC, McNicholas TA, Boustead GB, Morgan S, Woodman AC: A study comparing various noninvasive methods of detecting bladder cancer in urine. BJU Int 2002, 89:369-73.
• [203]Mowatt G, Zhu S, Kilonzo M, Boachie C, Fraser C, Griffiths TR, N'Dow J, Nabi G, Cook J, Vale L: Systematic review of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of photodynamic diagnosis and urine biomarkers (FISH, ImmunoCyt, NMP22) and cytology for the detection and follow-up of bladder cancer. Health Technol Assess 2010, 14:1-331.
• [204]Tetu B, Tiguert R, Harel F, Fradet Y: ImmunoCyt/uCyt + improves the sensitivity of urine cytology in patients followed for urothelial carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2005, 18:83-9.
• [205]Tritschler S, Scharf S, Karl A, Tilki D, Knuechel R, Hartmann A, Stief CG, Zaak D: Validation of the diagnostic value of NMP22 BladderChek test as a marker for bladder cancer by photodynamic diagnosis. Eur Urol 2007, 51:403-7. discussion 407–8
• [206]Choi HS, Lee SI, Kim DJ, Jeong TY: Usefulness of the NMP22 bladder chek test for screening and follow-up of bladder cancer. Korean J Urol 2010, 51:88-93.
• [207]Grossman HB, Messing E, Soloway M, Tomera K, Katz G, Berger Y, Shen Y: Detection of bladder cancer using a point-of-care proteomic assay. JAMA 2005, 293:810-6.
• [208]Hwang EC, Choi HS, Jung SI, Kwon DD, Park K, Ryu SB: Use of the NMP22 bladder chek test in the diagnosis and follow-Up of urothelial cancer: a cross-sectional study. Urology 2011, 77:154-9.
• [209]Kumar A, Kumar R, Gupta NP: Comparison of NMP22 bladder chek test and urine cytology for the detection of recurrent bladder cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2006, 36:172-5.
• [210]Lodde M, Mian C, Negri G, Berner L, Maffei N, Lusuardi L, Palermo S, Marberger M, Brssner C, Pycha A: Role of uCyt + in the detection and surveillance of urothelial carcinoma. Urology 2003, 61:243-7.
• [211]Messing EM, Young TB, Hunt VB, Gilchrist KW, Newton MA, Bram LL, Hisgen WJ, Greenberg EB, Kuglitsch ME, Wegenke JD: Comparison of bladder cancer outcome in men undergoing hematuria home screening versus those with standard clinical presentations. Urology 1995, 45:387-96.
• [212]Olsson H, Zackrisson B: ImmunoCyt a useful method in the follow-up protocol for patients with urinary bladder carcinoma. Scand J Urol Nephrol 2001, 35:280-2.
• [213]Schmitz-Drager BJ, Tirsar LA, Schmitz-Drager C, Dorsam J, Mellan Z, Bismarck E, Ebert T: Immunocytology in the assessment of patients with asymptomatic hematuria. World J Urol 2008, 26:31-7.
• [214]Junker K, Fritsch T, Hartmann A, Schulze W, Schubert J: Multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) on cells from urine for the detection of bladder cancer. Cytogenet Genome Res 2006, 114:279-83.
• [215]Kipp BR, Halling KC, Campion MB, Wendel AJ, Karnes RJ, Zhang J, Sebo TJ: Assessing the value of reflex fluorescence in situ hybridization testing in the diagnosis of bladder cancer when routine urine cytological examination is equivocal. J Urol 2008, 179:1296-301.
• [216]Sarosdy MF, Kahn PR, Ziffer MD, Love WR, Barkin J, Abara EO, Jansz K, Bridge JA, Johansson SL, Persons DL, Gibson JS: Use of a multitarget fluorescence in situ hybridization assay to diagnose bladder cancer in patients with hematuria. J Urol 2006, 176:44-7.
• [217]Skacel M, Fahmy M, Brainard JA, Pettay JD, Biscotti CV, Liou LS, Procop GW, Jones JS, Ulchaker J, Zippe CD, Tubbs RR: Multitarget fluorescence in situ hybridization assay detects transitional cell carcinoma in the majority of patients with bladder cancer and atypical or negative urine cytology. J Urol 2003, 169:2101-5.
• [218]Yoder BJ, Skacel M, Hedgepeth R, Babineau D, Ulchaker JC, Liou LS, Brainard JA, Biscotti CV, Jones JS, Tubbs RR: Reflex UroVysion testing of bladder cancer surveillance patients with equivocal or negative urine cytology: a prospective study with focus on the natural history of anticipatory positive findings. Am J Clin Pathol 2007, 127:295-301.
• [219]Pesch B, Taeger D, Johnen G, Gawrych K, Bonberg N, Schwentner C, Wellhäusser H, Kluckert M, Leng G, Nasterlack M, Lotan Y, Stenzl A, Brüning T, UroScreen Study Group: The UroScreen study group: screening for bladder cancer with urinary tumor markers in chemical workers with exposure to aromatic amines. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2013. [Epub ahead of print]
• [220]Brown T, Slack R, Rushton L, British Occupational Cancer Burden Study Group: Occupational cancer in Britain. Urinary tract cancers: bladder and kidney. Br J Cancer 2012, 107(Suppl 1):S76-84.
• [221]Golka K, Abreu-Villaca Y, Anbari Attar R, Angeli-Greaves M, Aslam M, Basaran N, Belik R, Butryee C, Dalpiaz O, Dzhusupov K, Ecke TH, Galambos H, Galambos H, Gerilovica H, Gerullis H, Gonzalez PC, Goossens ME, Gorgishvili-Hermes L, Heyns CF, Hodzic J, Ikoma F, Jichlinski P, Kang BH, Kiesswetter E, Krishnamurthi K, Lehmann ML, Martinova I, Mittal RD, Ravichandran B, Romics I, et al.: Bladder cancer documentation of causes: multilingual questionnaire, 'bladder cancer doc'. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2012, 4:2809-22.
• [222]Schops W, Jungmann O, Zumbe J, Zellner M, Hengstler JG, Golka K: Assessment criteria for compensation of occupational bladder cancer. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2013, 5:653-61.