Effect of crude extracts of Moringa stenopetala and Artemisia absinthium on parasitaemia of mice infected with Trypanosoma congolense

BMC Research Notes

Nigatu Kebede¹  Mirutse Giday¹  Yacob H Tolossa³  Getachew Terefe³  Tsegabirhan Kifleyohannes² 

[1] Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P. O. Box 1176, Ethiopia;College of Veterinary Medicine, Mekele University, Mekele P. O. Box: 231, Ethiopia;School of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Debre Zeit P. O. Box 34, Ethiopia

关键词: Trypanosoma congolense;    Parasitaemia;    Mice;    Crude extract;    Moringa stenopetala;    Artemisia absinthium;   

Others  :  1132398
DOI  :  10.1186/1756-0500-7-390

 received in 2013-10-16, accepted in 2014-06-19,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Treatment of trypanosomosis is currently facing a number of problems including toxicity of trypanocidal drugs and development of resistance by the parasites. These limitations have prompted the search for alternative active substances (such as of natural origin). The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of extracts of Moringa stenopetala and Artemisia absinthium on Trypanosoma congolense in mice.

Methods

Swiss white male mice aged 8–12 weeks were divided into six experimental groups of six animals. Water and methanol extracts of the two plants were prepared. T. congolense was isolated from cattle at Ghibe valley (Ethiopia). All experimental mice received approximately 1 x 10⁵ trypanosomes in 0.2 ml of blood. Plant extracts were given orally to four groups (2 plant species and two extraction methods) at 400 mg/kg body weight for seven consecutive days. One group remained as distilled water treated control and the other as diminzene aceturate treated control. The effect of the extracts on levels of parasitaemia, body weight, packed cell volume (PCV) and mice survival was monitored for 25 days.

Results

All treatments have significantly reduced parasitaemia and helped improve body weight, PCV and survival of mice compared to the water-treated control (P < 0.01 in all cases). These effects were comparable to that with diminazene aceturate. No significant difference was observed in the reduction of parasitaemia between plant extract treatment groups. However, mice with extracts of A. absinthium had significantly higher body weight than those with extracts of M. stenopetala (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The two plants have antitrypanosomal potential against T. congolense by reducing the levels of parasitaemia, maintaining good PCV and body weight, and prolonging the lives of infected animals.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Kifleyohannes et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Doua F, Yapo FB: Human Tryponasomosis in the Ivory Coast: therapy and problems. Acta Trop 1993, 54:163-168.
• [2]Kuzoe F: Current situation of African trypanosomosis. Acta Trop 1993, 54:153-162.
• [3]Ademe M, Abebe G: Field study on drug resistant trypanosomes in cattle (Bos Indicus) in Kindo Koysha wereda, Southern Ethiopia. Bul Anim Hlth Prod 2001, 48:131-138.
• [4]Afewerk Y, Clausen PH, Abebe G, Tilahun G, Mehlitz D: Multiple-drug resistant T. congolense population in village cattle of Metekel district, northwest Ethiopia. Acta Trop 2000, 6:231-238.
• [5]Tewelde T, Abebe G, Eisler MC, McDermott J, Greiner M, Afewerk Y, Kiyule M, Muenstermann S, Zessin KH, Clausen PH: Application of field methods to assess isometamidium resistance of trypanosomes in cattle in western Ethiopia. Acta Trop 2004, 90:163-170.
• [6]Berger I, Claus MP, Armando C, Wolfgang K: Antiprotozoal activity of Neurolaena lobata. Phytother Res 2001, 15:327-330.
• [7]Mekonnen Y, Yardley V, Rock P, Croft S: In vitro antitrypanosomal activity of M. stenopetala leaves and roots. Phytother Res 1999, 13:538-539.
• [8]Asres K, Bucar F, Knauder E, Yardley V, Kendrick H, Croft SL: In vitro Antiprotozoal Activity of Extract and Compounds from the Stem Bark of Combretum molle. Phytother Res 2001, 15:613-617.
• [9]Nibret E, Wink M: Volatile components of four Ethiopian Artemisia species extracts and their in vitro antitrypanosomal and cytotoxic activities. Phytomedicine 2010, 17:369-374.
• [10]Ene AC, Atawodi SE, Ameh DA, Nnamani CN, Apeh YEO: Antitrypanosomal effects of petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts of A. maciverae. Indian J Exp Biol 2009, 47:981-986.
• [11]Ngure RM, Ongeri B, Karori SM, Wachira W, Maathai RG, Kibugi JK, Kibugi JK, Wachira FN: Anti-trypanosomal effects of Azadiracta indica (neem) extract on T. b. rhodesiense-infected mice. E J Med 2009, 14:2-9.
• [12]Olukunle JO, Abatan MO, Soniran OT, Takeet MI, Idowu OA, Akande FA, Biobaku KT, Jacobs EB: In vivo antitrypanosomal evaluation of some medicinal plant extracts from Ogun State, Nigeria. Sci World J 2010, 5:17-19.
• [13]Das K, Tiwari RKS, Shrivastava DK: Techniques for evaluation of medicinal plant products as antimicrobial agent: Current methods and future trends. J Med Plant Res 2010, 4:104-111.
• [14]Tiwari P, Kumar B, Kaur M, Kaur G, Kaur H: Phytochemical screening and Extraction: a review. Internationale Pharmaceutica Sciencia 2011, 1:98-106.
• [15]Abu AH, Uchendu CN: In vivo trypanocidal activity of hydroethanolic extract of Hymenocardia acida stem bark in Rats. Vet World 2011, 4:113-116.
• [16]Ekanem JT, Kolawol OM, Abbah OC: Trypanocidal potential of methanolic extracts of Bridelia ferruginea Benth in Rattus novergicus. Af J Biochem Res 2008, 2:045-050.
• [17]Codjia V, Mulatu W, Majiwa PAO, Leak SGA, Rowlands GJ, Authié E, d’Ieteren GDM, Peregrine AS: Epidemiology of bovine trypanosomiasis in the Ghibe valley, South West Ethiopia. 3. Occurrence of populations of T. congolense resistant to diminazene, isometamidium and homidium. Acta Trop 1993, 53:151-163.
• [18]Mulugeta W, Wilkes J, Mulatu W, Majiwa PAO, Masake R, Peregrine AS: Long-term occurrence of T. congolense resistant to diminazene, Isometamidium and homidium in cattle at Ghibe, Ethiopia. Acta Trop 1997, 64:205-217.
• [19]Miruk A, Hagos A, Yacob HT, Asnake F, Basu AK: Prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and trypanocidal drug sensitivity studies on T. congolense in Wolyta and Dawero zones of southern Ethiopia. Vet Parasitol 2008, 152:141-147.
• [20]Peter O, Magiri E, Auma J, Magoma G, Imbuga M, Murilla G: Evaluation of in vivo antitrypanosomal activity of selected medicinal plant extracts. J Med Plant Res 2009, 3:849-854.
• [21]Ekanem JT, Majolagbe OR, Sulaiman FA, Muhammad NO: Effects of honey supplemented diet on the parasitaemia and some enzymes of T. brucei-infected rats. Afr J Biotechnol 2006, 5:1557-1561.
• [22]Saleh MA, Bassam MA, Sanousi SA: Oxidative stress in blood of camels (Camelus dromedaries) naturally infected with T. evansi. Vet Parasitol 2009, 162:192-199.
• [23]Abubakar A, Iliyasu B, Yusuf AB, Igweh AC, Onyekwelu NA, Shamaki BU, Afolayan DO, Ogbadoyi EO: Antitrypanosomal and haematological effects of selected Nigerian medicinal plants in Wistar rats. Biokemistri 2005, 17:95-99.
• [24]Rowlands GJ, Mulatu W, Authié E, d’Ieteren GD, Leak SG, Nagda SM, Peregrine AS: Epidemiology of bovine trypanosomiasis in the Ghibe valley, southwest Ethiopia. 2. Factors associated with variations in trypanosome prevalence, incidence of new infections and prevalence of recurrent infections. Acta Trop 1993, 53:135-150.
• [25]Eisler MC, Brandt J, Bauer B, Clausen PH, Delespaux V, Holmes PH, Mc Dermot J, Peregrine AS, Geerts S: Standardized tests in mice and cattle for the detection of drug resistance in tsetse transmitted trypanosomes of African domestic cattle. Vet Parasitol 2001, 97:171-182.
• [26]Herbert WJ, Lumsden WHR: T. brucei: A rapid “matching” method for estimating the host’s parasitaemia. Exp Parasitol 1976, 40:427-431.
• [27]Mamman M, Gettinby G, Murphy NB, Kemei S, Peregrine AS: Frequency of diminazene-resistant trypanosomes in populations of T. congolense arising in infected animals following treatment with diminazene aceturate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995, 39:1107-1113.
• [28]EEC: Council Directive 86/609/EEC of 24 November 1986 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the member states regarding the protection of animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes. Off J Eur Communities 1986, L358:1-29.