Paternal and maternal bonding styles in childhood are associated with the prevalence of chronic pain in a general adult population: the Hisayama Study

BMC Psychiatry

Masako Hosoi¹  Nobuyuki Sudo²  Yutaka Kiyohara³  Chiharu Kubo¹  Ryoko Sawamoto¹  Hiroshi Kawata¹  Rie Iwaki¹  Toshiharu Ninomiya⁴  Mao Shibata³  Kozo Anno¹ 

[1] Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;Department of Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;Division of Research Management, Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan

关键词: Prevalence;    Population;    Parental bonding;    Overprotection;    Optimal bonding;    Chronic pain;    Care;    Affectionless control;   

Others  :  1225251
DOI  :  10.1186/s12888-015-0574-y

 received in 2015-01-15, accepted in 2015-07-22,  发布年份 2015

【 摘 要 】

Background

Previous research has suggested that extraordinary adverse experiences during childhood, such as abuse, are possible risk factors for the development of chronic pain. However, the relationship between the perceived parental bonding style during childhood and chronic pain has been much less studied.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 760 community-dwelling Japanese adults were asked if they had pain that had been present for six months or more. They completed the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), a self-administrated questionnaire designed to assess perceived parental bonding, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to assess current depressive symptoms. The PBI consists of care and overprotection subscales that are analyzed by assigning the parental bonding style to one of four quadrants: Optimal bonding (high care/low overprotection), neglectful parenting (low care/low overprotection), affectionate constraint (high care/high overprotection), and affectionless control (low care/high overprotection). Logistic regression analysis was done to estimate the contribution of the parental bonding style to the risk of chronic pain, controlling for demographic variables.

Results

Compared to the optimal bonding group, the odds ratios (ORs) for having chronic pain were significantly higher in the affectionless control group for paternal bonding (OR: 2.21, 95 % CI: 1.50-3.27) and for maternal bonding (OR: 1.60, 95 % CI: 1.09-2.36). After adjusting for depression, significance remained only for paternal bonding.

Conclusion

The results demonstrate that the parental bonding style during childhood is associated with the prevalence of chronic pain in adults in the general population and that the association is more robust for paternal bonding than for maternal bonding.

【 授权许可】

   
2015 Anno et al.

【 图 表 】

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