Late HBsAg seroreversion of mutated hepatitis B virus after bone marrow transplantation

BMC Infectious Diseases

Thomas Mertens¹  Detlef Michel¹  Axel Schubert¹ 

[1] Institute for Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, 89081, Germany

关键词: Immunosuppression;    HSCT;    Immune escape mutation;    Reactivation;    Seroreversion;    Hepatitis B virus;   

Others  :  1148392
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2334-13-223

 received in 2012-12-10, accepted in 2013-05-14,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

About ninety percent of immunocompetent adults recover from hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection within 6 months after transmission. The infection is considered to be terminated if the antibodies (HBsAb) to the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) become detectable and the HBsAg and Hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV DNA,) are no longer perceptible. After recovery from an acute infection, the detection of HBsAb is assumed to indicate lifelong immunity. However, after initiation of severe immunosuppression, HBV reactivation, as detected by HBsAg seroreversion may be observed in patients with previously resolved HBV infections.

Case presentation

We present an unusual case of a 64-year-old Caucasian woman showing clinically apparent HBV seroreversion more than 45 months after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Despite living without immunosuppressive agents for more than 40 months, she developed a fulminant HBV infection with detection of a mutated hepatitis B virus carrying two immune escape mutations (D144E/G145R) in the HBsAg (HBsIE mutation).

Conclusion

After HSCT, the absence of risk factors such as strong immunosuppression and graft-versus-host disease decreases the risk of HBV seroreversion but may rearward seroreversion to a later time. Therefore, when monitoring HSCT, patients with serological markers of a resolved HBV infection [HBcAb + (hepatitis B core antibody), HBsAb+, and HBsAg−], the follow up has to be extended over several years to exclude HBV reactivation with HBsAg seroreversion. Furthermore, this case demonstrates the complexity of virus evolution after HBsAg seroreversion as a result of immunosuppression after HSCT.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Schubert et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

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