Estimating and validating disability-adjusted life years at the global level: a methodological framework for cancer

BMC Medical Research Methodology

Freddie Bray²  D Maxwell Parkin¹  Colin Mathers³  David Forman²  Jacques Ferlay²  Joannie Lortet-Tieulent²  Isabelle Soerjomataram² 

[1]Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

[2]Section of Cancer Information, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon, 69372, France

[3]World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

关键词: Global estimates;    Cancer;    Disability-adjusted life years;    Years of life lost;    Years of life live with disability;   

Others  :  1126887
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2288-12-125

 received in 2011-09-14, accepted in 2012-05-18,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Background

Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) link data on disease occurrence to health outcomes, and they are a useful aid in establishing country-specific agendas regarding cancer control. The variables required to compute DALYs are however multiple and not readily available in many countries. We propose a methodology that derives global DALYs and validate variables and DALYs based on data from various cancer registries.

Methods

We estimated DALYs for four countries (Norway, Bulgaria, India and Uganda) within each category of the human development index (HDI). The following sources (indicators) were used: Globocan2008 (incidence and mortality), various cancer registries (proportion cured, proportion treated and duration of disease), treatment guidelines (duration of treatment), specific burden of disease studies (sequelae and disability weights), alongside expert opinion. We obtained country-specific population estimates and identified resource levels using the HDI, DALYs are computed as the sum of years of life lost and years lived with disabilities.

Results

Using mortality:incidence ratios to estimate country-specific survival, and by applying the human development index we derived country-specific estimates of the proportion cured and the proportion treated. The fit between the estimates and observed data from the cancer registries was relatively good. The final DALY estimates were similar to those computed using observed values in Norway, and in WHO’s earlier global burden of disease study. Marked cross-country differences in the patterns of DALYs by cancer sites were observed. In Norway and Bulgaria, breast, colorectal, prostate and lung cancer were the main contributors to DALYs, representing 54% and 45%, respectively, of the totals. These cancers contributed only 27% and 18%, respectively, of total DALYs in India and Uganda.

Conclusions

Our approach resulted in a series of variables that can be used to estimate country-specific DALYs, enabling global estimates of DALYs and international comparisons that support priorities in cancer control.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Soerjomataram et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 1.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]World Health Organization: The global burden of disease: 2004 update. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008.
• [2]Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, Parkin DM: Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer 2010, 127:2893-2917.
• [3]Murray CLM, Lopez AD: The Global Burden of Disease. Boston: Harvard School of Public Health; 1996.
• [4]Berrino F, De Angelis R, Sant M, Rosso S, Bielska-Lasota M, Coebergh JW, Santaquilani M, group EW: Survival for eight major cancers and all cancers combined for European adults diagnosed in 1995–99: results of the EUROCARE-4 study. Lancet Oncol 2007, 8(9):773-783.
• [5]Victorian burden of disease study: Mortality and morbidity in 2001. Melbourne: The Public Health Group, Rural and Regional Health and Aged Care Services Division. Victorian Government Department of Human Services; 2005.
• [6]Stouthard M, Essink-Bot ML, Bonsel G, Barendregt J, Kramers PG: Disability weights for diseases in the Netherlands. Rotterdam: Department of Public Health, Erasmus University; 1997.
• [7]Murray CJ: Quantifying the burden of disease: the technical basis for disability-adjusted life years. Bull World Health Organ 1994, 72(3):429-445.
• [8]Doll R, Payne P, Waterhouse JAH: Cancer incidence in five continents, vol. 1. Geneva: Union Internationale Contre le Cancer; 1966.
• [9]Lambert PC, Thompson JR, Weston CL, Dickman PW: Estimating and modeling the cure fraction in population-based cancer survival analysis. Biostatistics 2007, 8(3):576-594.
• [10]Pisani P, Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J: Estimates of the worldwide mortality from 25 cancers in 1990. Int J Cancer 1999, 83(1):18-29.
• [11]Asadzadeh Vostakolaei F, Karim-Kos HE, Janssen-Heijnen ML, Visser O, Verbeek AL, Kiemeney LA: The validity of the mortality to incidence ratio as a proxy for site-specific cancer survival. Eur J Public Health 2011, 21(5):573-577.
• [12]United Nations Development Programme: Human Development Reports 2011: Sustainability and equitability. A better future for all. New York: United Nations Development Programme; 2011.
• [13]Småstuen M, Aagnes B, Johannesen TB, Møller B, Bray F: Long-term cancer survival: patterns and trends in Norway 1965–2007. Oslo: Cancer Registry of Norway; 2008.
• [14]de Vries E, Nijsten TE, Visser O, Bastiaannet E, van Hattem S, Janssen-Heijnen ML, Coebergh JW: Superior survival of females among 10,538 Dutch melanoma patients is independent of Breslow thickness, histologic type and tumor site. Ann Oncol 2008, 19(3):583-589.
• [15]Kvale R, Moller B, Angelsen A, Dahl O, Fossa SD, Halvorsen OJ, Hoem L, Solberg A, Wahlqvist R, Bray F: Regional trends in prostate cancer incidence, treatment with curative intent and mortality in Norway 1980–2007. Cancer Epidemiol 2010, 34(4):359-367.
• [16]Johansson E, Bill-Axelson A, Holmberg L, Onelov E, Johansson JE, Steineck G, Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study N: Time, symptom burden, androgen deprivation, and self-assessed quality of life after radical prostatectomy or watchful waiting: the Randomized Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study Number 4 (SPCG-4) clinical trial. Eur Urol 2009, 55(2):422-430.
• [17]Brydoy M, Fossa SD, Klepp O, Bremnes RM, Wist EA, Wentzel-Larsen T, Dahl O: Paternity following treatment for testicular cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005, 97(21):1580-1588.
• [18]Fossa SD, Ous S, Espetveit S, Langmark F: Patterns of primary care and survival in 336 consecutive unselected Norwegian patients with bladder cancer. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1992, 26(2):131-138.
• [19]Hardt J, Filipas D, Hohenfellner R, Egle UT: Quality of life in patients with bladder carcinoma after cystectomy: first results of a prospective study. Qual Life Res 2000, 9(1):1-12.
• [20]Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development: OECD Health Data 2010. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; 2010.
• [21]Comprehensive Cancer Centre the Netherlands: Cancer clinical practice guideline. Utrecht: Comprehensive Cancer Centre the Netherlands; 2002. http://www.oncoline.nl/index.php?language=en webcite
• [22]Morris E, Quirke P, Thomas JD, Fairley L, Cottier B, Forman D: Unacceptable variation in abdominoperineal excision rates for rectal cancer: time to intervene? Gut 2008, 57(12):1690-1697.
• [23]Allemani C, Storm H, Voogd AC, Holli K, Izarzugaza I, Torrella-Ramos A, Bielska-Lasota M, Aareleid T, Ardanaz E, Colonna M, et al.: Variation in 'standard care' for breast cancer across Europe: a EUROCARE-3 high resolution study. Eur J Cancer 2010, 46(9):1528-1536.
• [24]Cancer Registry of Norway. Cancer in Norway 2008: Cancer incidence, mortality, survival and prevalence in Norway. Oslo: Cancer Registry of Norway; 2009.
• [25]Bray F, Engholm G, Hakulinen T, Gislum M, Tryggvadottir L, Storm HH, Klint A: Trends in survival of patients diagnosed with cancers of the brain and nervous system, thyroid, eye, bone, and soft tissues in the Nordic countries 1964–2003 followed up until the end of 2006. Acta Oncol 2010, 49(5):673-693.
• [26]Bray F, Klint A, Gislum M, Hakulinen T, Engholm G, Tryggvadottir L, Storm HH: Trends in survival of patients diagnosed with male genital cancers in the Nordic countries 1964–2003 followed up until the end of 2006. Acta Oncol 2010, 49(5):644-654.
• [27]Engholm G, Hakulinen T, Gislum M, Tryggvadottir L, Klint A, Bray F, Storm HH: Trends in the survival of patients diagnosed with kidney or urinary bladder cancer in the Nordic countries 1964–2003 followed up to the end of 2006. Acta Oncol 2006, 49(5):655-664.
• [28]Hakulinen T, Engholm G, Gislum M, Storm HH, Klint A, Tryggvadottir L, Bray F: Trends in the survival of patients diagnosed with cancers in the respiratory system in the Nordic countries 1964–2003 followed up to the end of 2006. Acta Oncol 2006, 49(5):608-623.
• [29]Hakulinen T, Tryggvadottir L, Gislum M, Storm HH, Bray F, Klint A, Engholm G: Trends in the survival of patients diagnosed with cancers of the lip, oral cavity, and pharynx in the Nordic countries 1964–2003 followed up to the end of 2006. Acta Oncol 2010, 49(5):561-577.
• [30]Rayson D, Saint-Jacques N, Younis T, Meadows J, Dewar R: Comparison of elapsed times from breast cancer detection to first adjuvant therapy in Nova Scotia in 1999/2000 and 2003/04. CMAJ 2007, 176(3):327-332.
• [31]van Steenbergen LN, Lemmens VE, Rutten HJ, Martijn H, Coebergh JW: Was there shortening of the interval between diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer in southern Netherlands between 2005 and 2008? World J Surg 2010, 34(5):1071-1079.
• [32]Anand S, Hanson K: Disability-adjusted life years: a critical review. J Health Econ 1997, 16(6):685-702.
• [33]Sankaranarayanan R, Boffetta P: Research on cancer prevention, detection and management in low- and medium-income countries. Ann Oncol 2010, 21(10):1935-1943.
• [34]Farmer P, Frenk J, Knaul FM, Shulman LN, Alleyne G, Armstrong L, Atun R, Blayney D, Chen L, Feachem R, et al.: Expansion of cancer care and control in countries of low and middle income: a call to action. Lancet 2010, 376(9747):1186-1193.
• [35]Bray FI, Weiderpass E: Lung cancer mortality trends in 36 European countries: secular trends and birth cohort patterns by sex and region 1970–2007. Int J Cancer 2010, 126(6):1454-1466.
• [36]Alvarez-Martin E, Morant-Ginestar C, Genova-Maleras R, Gil A, Perez-Gomez B, Lopez-Abente G, Fernandez de Larrea-Baz N: Burden of disease due to cancer in Spain. BMC Publ Health 2009, 42:9-42.
• [37]Michaud CM, McKenna MT, Begg S, Tomijima N, Majmudar M, Bulzacchelli MT, Ebrahim S, Ezzati M, Salomon JA, Kreiser JG, et al.: The burden of disease and injury in the United States 1996. Popul Health Metr 2006, 4:11. BioMed Central Full Text
• [38]Jankovic S, Vlajinac H, Bjegovic V, Marinkovic J, Sipetic-Grujicic S, Markovic-Denic L, Kocev N, Santric-Milicevic M, Terzic-Supic Z, Maksimovic N, et al.: The burden of disease and injury in Serbia. Eur J Public Health 2007, 17(1):80-85.
• [39]Murthy NS, Nandakumar BS, Pruthvish S, George PS, Mathew A: Disability adjusted life years for cancer patients in India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2010, 11(3):633-640.
• [40]Phua HP, Chua AV, Ma S, Heng D, Chew SK: Singapore's burden of disease and injury 2004. Singapore Med J 2009, 50(5):468-478.
• [41]Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E, Forman D: Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 2011, 61(2):69-90.
• [42]Pineros M, Sanchez R, Perry F, Garcia OA, Ocampo R, Cendales R: Delay for diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in Bogota, Colombia. Salud Publica Mex 2011, 53(6):478-485.
• [43]Price AJ, Ndom P, Atenguena E, Mambou Nouemssi JP, Ryder RW: Cancer care challenges in developing countries. Cancer 2011.
• [44]Sulu E, Tasolar O, Berk Takir H, Yagci Tuncer L, Karakurt Z, Yilmaz A: Delays in the diagnosis and treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Tumori 2011, 6:693-697.
• [45]Knopman JM, Papadopoulos EB, Grifo JA, Fino ME, Noyes N: Surviving childhood and reproductive-age malignancy: effects on fertility and future parenthood. Lancet Oncol 2010, 11(5):490-498.
• [46]Holterhues C, Cornish D, van de Poll-Franse LV, Krekels G, Koedijk F, Kuijpers D, Coebergh JW, Nijsten T: Impact of melanoma on patients' lives among 562 survivors: a dutch population-based study. Arch Dermatol 2011, 147(2):177-185.