Central-stimulating and analgesic activity of the ethanolic extract of Alternanthera sessilis in mice

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Shaikh J Uddin⁶  Jamil A Shilpi²  Md Golam Hossain⁶  Samir K Sadhu⁶  Ismet Ara Jahan⁴  Md Khirul Islam³  Abdulwali Ablat¹  Hemayet Hossain⁴  Khalijah Awang⁵  Sanjib Saha³  Himangsu Mondal⁶ 

[1] Institute of Biological Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Turku, Turku FI-20500, Finland;BCSIR Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh;Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;Phytochemistry and Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Pharmacy Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh

关键词: Acetic acid induced writhing test;    Pentobarbitone induced sleeping time;    Central stimulating activity;    Alternanthera sessilis;   

Others  :  1086019
DOI  :  10.1186/1472-6882-14-398

 received in 2014-06-15, accepted in 2014-10-08,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Alternanthera sessilis is a popular vegetable and used in traditional medicinal practice of Bangladesh and other parts of Asia to relive tiredness, laziness, and sleeps as well as pain and inflammation. However, no report was found on the neuropharmacological and analgesic activity of this plant to-date. Present study was undertaken to evaluate the neuropharmacological and analgesic activity of the ethanol extract of A. sessilis whole plant (ETAS) in mice models.

Methods

Central stimulating activity was investigated by pentobarbitone induced sleeping time, open field, and hole cross tests. Analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid induced writhing and hot-plate methods. The tests were performed at 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight dose levels.

Results

In sleeping time test, ETAS significantly (p < 0.001) increased the onset of sleep, and decreased the duration of sleep. In open field and hole cross tests, ETAS significantly (p < 0.001) increased the movements of mice which persisted throughout the study period. In writhing test, ETAS showed, significant (p < 0.001) inhibition of writhing reflex. In hot plate test, ETAS significantly (p < 0.001) raised the pain threshold. In HPLC analysis for polyphenols, (+)-catechin, rutin, ellagic acid, and quercetin were detected in ETAS (117.72, 490.74, 3007.26, and 13.85 mg/100 g of dry extract, respectively).

Conclusion

Present study supported the traditional uses of A. sessilis and indicated that the plant can be a potential source of bioactive molecules.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Mondal et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Ghani A: Medicinal plants of Bangladesh: chemical constituents and uses. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh 1998, 75.
• [2]Gupta AK: Reviews on Indian Medicinal Plants. New Delhi: Indian Council of Medical Research; 2004.
• [3]Tan KK, Kim KH: Alternanthera sessilis Red ethyl acetate fraction exhibits antidiabetic potential on obese type 2 diabetic rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013, 2013:1-8. Art. ID 845172
• [4]Sahithi B, Rajani GP, Sowjanya K, Gupta D: Anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Alternanthera sessilis Linn. Pharmacologyonline 2011, 1:1039-1043.
• [5]Roy A, Saraf S: Diuretic activity of Alternanthera sessilis R.Br. Ex D.C. an ethnomedicine of Chhattisgarh (India). Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2008, 5:369-372.
• [6]Arollado EC, Osi MO: Hematinic activity of Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. BR. (Amaranthaceae) in mice and rats. E-International Scientific Res J 2010, 2:110-117.
• [7]Borah A, Yadav RNS, Unni BG: In vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Alternanthera sessilis. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 2011, 2:1502-1506.
• [8]Balasuriya BMGK, Dharmaratne HRW: Cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity studies of green leafy vegetables consumed in Sri Lanka. J Natn Sci Foundation Sri Lanka 2007, 35:255-258.
• [9]Nayak P, Nayak S, Kar DM, Das P: Pharmacological evaluation of ethanolic extracts of the plant Alternanthera sessilis against temperature regulation. J Pharm Res 2010, 3:1381-1383.
• [10]Lin SC, Lin YH, Shyuu SJ, Lin CC: Hepatoprotective effects of Taiwan folk medicine: Alternanthera sessilis on liver damage induced by various hepatotoxins. Phytother Res 1994, 8:391-398.
• [11]Purkayastha J, Nath SC: Biological activities of ethnomedicinal claims of some plant species of Assam. Indian J Tradit Knowl 2006, 5:229-236.
• [12]Jalalpure SS, Agrawal N, Patil MB, Chimkode R, Tripathi A: Antimicrobial and wound healing activities of leaves of Alternanthera sessilis Linn. Int J Green Pharm 2008, 2:141-144.
• [13]Anandkumar BH, Sachidanand YN: Treatment of acne vulgaris with new polyherbal formulation clarina cream. Indian J Dermatol 2001, 46:138-141.
• [14]Jou HJ, Lin YM, Lin YC, Chen FC: Constituents of Alternanthera sessilis R. Br Huaxue 1979, 1:22-25.
• [15]Sinha P, Arora VK, Wahi SP: Chemical investigation on Alternanthera sessilis. Indian Drugs 1984, 21:139-140.
• [16]Sarker SD, Uddin SJ, Shilpi JA, Rouf R, Ferdous MM, Nahar L: Neuropharmacological properties of Xylocarpus moluccensis. Fitoterapia 2007, 78:107-111.
• [17]Uddin SJ, Shilpi JA, Rahman MT, Ferdous MM, Rouf R, Sarker SD: Assessment of neuropharmacological activities of Pandanus foetidus (Pandanaceae) in mice. Pharmazie 2006, 61:362-364.
• [18]Shilpi JA, Uddin SJ, Rouf R, Billah MM: Central nervous system depressant activity of Diospyros peregrina bark. Orient Pharm Exp Med 2004, 4:249-252.
• [19]Koster R, Anderson M, De Beer EJ: Acetic acid for analgesics screening. Fed Proc 1959, 18:412-417.
• [20]Talukder C, Saha S, Adhikari S, Mondal HK, Islam MK, Anisuzzman M: Evaluation of antioxidant, analgesic and antidiarrhoeal activity of Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Raeusch. leaves. Pharmacologyonline 2012, 3:20-28.
• [21]Eddy NB, Leimback D: Synthetic analgesics. II. Dithienyl-butenyl and dithienybutylamines. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1953, 107:385-393.
• [22]Saha S, Islam MK, Anisuzzman M, Hasan MM, Hossain F, Talukder C: Evaluation of antioxidant, analgesic and antidiarrheal activity of Phoenix paludosa Roxb. leaves. Int J Basic Medical Sciences and Pharmacy 2012, 2:46-52.
• [23]Turner RA: Screening Methods in Pharmacology. New York: Academic Press; 1965.
• [24]Harborne JB: Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis. New Delhi: Springer (India) Pvt. Ltd.; 1998.
• [25]Chuanphongpanich S, Phanichphant S: Method development and determination of phenolic compounds in broccoli seeds samples. Chiang Mai J Sci 2006, 33:103-107.
• [26]Sakakibara H, Honda Y, Nakagawa S, Ashida H, Kanazawa K: Simultaneous determination of all polyphenols in vegetables, fruits, and teas. J Agric Food Chem 2003, 51:571-581.
• [27]Gupta BD, Dandiya PC, Gupta ML: A psycho-pharmacological analysis of behavior in rats. Jpn J Pharmacol 1971, 21:293-298.
• [28]Takagi K, Watanabe M, Saito H: Studies of the spontaneous movement of animals by the hole cross test; effect of 2-dimethylaminoethanol and its acyl esters on the central nervous system. Jpn J Pharmacol 1971, 21:797-810.
• [29]Ffrench-Mullen JM, Barker JL, Rogaski MA: Calcium current block by (-)-pentobarbital, phenobarbital and CHEB but not (+)-pentobarbital in acutely isolated hippocampal CA1 neurone: comparison with effects on GABA-activated Cl- current. J Neurosci 1993, 13:3211-3221.
• [30]Guaraldo L, Chagas DA, Konno AC, Korn GP, Pfiffer T, Nasello AG: Hydroalcoholic extract and fractions of Davilla rugosa Poiret: effects on spontaneous motor activity and elevated plus-maze behavior. J Ethnopharmacol 2000, 72:61-67.
• [31]Alexander SP: Flavonoids as antagonists at A1 adenosine receptors. Phytother Res 2006, 20:1009-1012.
• [32]Moro S, van Rhee AM, Sanders LH, Jacobson KA: Flavonoid derivatives as adenosine receptor antagonists: a comparison of the hypothetical receptor binding site based on a comparative molecular field analysis model. J Med Chem 1998, 41:46-52.
• [33]Davis JM, Zhao Z, Stock HS, Mehl KA, Buggy J, Hand GA: Central nervous system effects of caffeine and adenosine on fatigue. Am J Physiol-Reg I 2003, 284:399-404.
• [34]Barua CC, Buragohain B, Roy JD, Talukdar A, Barua AG, Borah P: Evaluation of analgesic activity of hydroethanol extract of Plantago erosa Ex Roxb. Pharmacologyonline 2011, 2:86-95.
• [35]Kumara NKVMR: Identification of Strategies to Improve Research on Medicinal Plants Used in Sri Lanka. In WHO Symposium: 2001; University of Ruhuna. Galle, Sri Lanka: WHO; 2001:12-14.
• [36]Gallo MBC, Sarachine MJ: Biological activities of lupeol. Intl J Biomed Pharma Sci 2009, 3:46-66.
• [37]Rohini RM, Das AK: Antidiarrheal and anti inflammatory activities of lupeol, quercetin, β-sitosterol, adene-5-en-3-ol and caffeic acid isolated from Rhizophora mucronata bark. Der Pharmacia Lettrers 2010, 2:95-101.
• [38]Derardt R, Jongney S, Delvalcee F, Falhout M: Release of prostaglandins E and F in an algogenic reaction and its inhibition. Eur J Pharmacol 1980, 51:17-24.
• [39]Dhara AK, Suba V, Sen T, Pal S, Chaudhuri AK: Preliminary studies on the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of methanolic fraction of the root of Tragia involucrate. J Ethnopharmacol 2000, 72:265-268.
• [40]Wigdor S, Wilcox GL: Central and systemic morphine-induced antinociception in mice: Contribution of descending serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1987, 242:90-95.
• [41]Vongtau HO, Abbah J, Mosugu O: Antinociceptive profile of the methanolic extract of Neorautanenia mitis root in rats and mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2004, 92:317-324.
• [42]Bhaskar VH, Balakrishnan N: Analgesic, anti-infammatory and antipyretic activities of Pergularia daemia and Carissa carandas. DARU J Pharm Sci 2009, 17:168-174.
• [43]Guruvayoorappan C, Kuttan G: (+)-Catechin inhibits tumour angiogenesis and regulates the production of nitric oxide and TNF-alpha in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Innate Immun 2008, 14:160-174.
• [44]Gainok J, Daniels R, Golembiowski D: Investigation of the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive effect of ellagic acid as measured by digital paw pressure via the Randall-Selitto meter in male Sprague–Dawley rats. AANA J 2011, 79:S28-S34.
• [45]Gene RM, Cartana C, Adzet T, Marin E, Parella T, Canigueral S: Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Baccharis trimera: identification of its active constituents. Planta Med 1996, 62:232-235.