Antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Viola betonicifolia whole plant

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Haroon Khan¹  Muhammad Saeed²  Naveed Muhammad² 

[1] Gandhara College of Pharmacy, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan;Department of Pharmacy University of Peshawar, 25120, Peshawar, Pakistan

关键词: Anti-inflammatory;    Analgesic;    Antipyretic;    Viola betonicifolia;   

Others  :  1232178
DOI  :  10.1186/1472-6882-12-59

 received in 2012-01-13, accepted in 2012-05-02,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Background

Pyrexia, algesia and inflammation are associated with several pathological conditions. Synthetic drugs available for the treatment of these conditions cause multiple unwanted effects. Several studies are ongoing worldwide to find natural healing agents with better safety profile. The current study was thus aimed at evaluating antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanolic extract of whole plant of V. betonicifolia (VBME).

Methods

VBME was employed to assess antipyretic activity in yeast induced hyperthermia. Analgesic profile was ascertained in acetic acid induced writhing, hot plat and tail immersion test. Nevertheless, the anti-inflammatory activity was tested in carrageenan induced paw edema and histamine induced inflammatory tests. BALB/c mice were used at test doses of 100, 200 and 300mg/kg body weight intra peritoneally (i.p).

Results

In yeast induced pyrexia, VBME demonstrated dose dependently (78.23%) protection at 300mg/kg, similar to standard drug, paracetamol (90%) at 150mg/kg i.p. VBME showed a dose dependent analgesia in various pain models i.e. acetic acid, hot plat and tail immersion having 78.90%, 69.96% and 68.58% protection respectively at 300mg/kg. However, the analgesic action of VBME was completely antagonized by the injection of naloxone like opiate antagonists. Similarly carrageenan and histamine induces inflammation was significantly antagonized by VBME, 66.30% and 60.80% respectively at 300mg/kg.

Conclusions

It is concluded that VBME has marked antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in various animal models and this strongly supports the ethnopharmacological uses of Viola betonicifolia as antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory plant.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Muhammad et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Semwal DK, Badoni R, Semwal R, Kothiyal SK, Singh GJP, Rawat U: The genus Stephania (Menispermaceae): Chemical and pharmacological perspectives. J Ethnopharmacol 2010, 132:369-383.
• [2]Shinwari ZK: Medicinal plants research in Pakistan. J Medicin Plants Res 2010, 4:161-176.
• [3]Saeed M, Muhammad N, Khan H: Assessment of heavy metal contents of branded Pakistani herbal products. Trop J Pharm Res 2011, 10(4):499-506.
• [4]Saeed M, Muhammad N, Khan H: Analysis of toxic heavy metals in branded Pakistani herbal products. J Chem Soc Pak 2010, 32(4):471.
• [5]Hamayun M: Ethnobotanical profile of Utror and Gabral valleys, district Swat. Pakistan Ethnobotanical Leaflets 2005, 1:9.
• [6]Bhatt V, Negi G: Ethnomedicinal plant resources of Jaunsari tribe of Garhwal Himalaya, Uttaranchal. Ind J Tradi Knowl 2006, 5(3):331-335.
• [7]Husain SZ, Malik RN, Javaid M, Bibi S: Ethonobotanical properties and uses of medicinal plants of Morgah biodiversity park, Rawalpindi. Pak J Bot 2008, 40(5):1897-1911.
• [8]Muhammad N, Saeed M: Biological screening of Viola betonicifolia Smith whole plant. Afr J Pharm and Pharmacol 2011, 5(20):2323-2329.
• [9]Muhammad N, Saeed M, Khan H, Haq I: Evaluation of n-hexane extract of Viola betonicifolia for its neuropharmacological properties. J Nat Med 2012.
• [10]Khan H, Saeed M, Gilani AUH, Khan MA, Dar A, Khan I: The antinociceptive activity of Polygonatumverticillatum rhizomes in pain models. J Ethnopharmacol 2010, 127(2):521-527.
• [11]Kang J, Khan M, Park N, Cho J, Lee M, Fujii H, Hong Y: Antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities of the seaweed Sargassumfulvellum and Sargassumthunbergii in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2008, 116(1):187-190.
• [12]Brochet D, Micó JA, Martin P, Simon P: Antinociceptive activity of beta-adrenoceptor agonists in the hot plate test in mice. Psychopharmacol 1986, 88(4):527-528.
• [13]Singh S, Majumdar D, Rehan H: Evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential of fixed oil of Ocimum sanctum (Holybasil) and its possible mechanism of action. J Ethnopharmacol 1996, 54(1):19-26.
• [14]Khan I, Nisar M, Ebad F, Nadeem S, Saeed M, Khan H: Anti-inflammatory activities of Sieboldogenin from Smilax china Linn.: Experimental and computational studies. J Ethnopharmacol 2009, 121(1):175-177.
• [15]Evans WC, Trease : Pharmacognosy. WB Saunders Ltd, London; 2002:pp 32-33. 95–99,512, 547
• [16]Ismail M, Rahman S, Muhammad N, Mohani N, Khan MA: Barkatullah, JH: Pharmacognostic and phytochemical investigation of the stem bark of Pistacia integerrima Stew ex Brandis. J Med Plants Res 2011, 5(16):3891-3895.
• [17]Siddiqui A, Ali M: Practical Pharmaceutical chemistry. Ist edition. CBS publishers and distributors, New Delhi, In.; 1997.
• [18]Devi BP, Boominathan R, Mandal SC: Evaluation of antipyretic potential of Cleome viscosa Linn. (Capparidaceae) extract in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2003, 87(1):11-13.
• [19]Moltz H: Fever: causes and consequences. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 1993, 17(3):237-269.
• [20]Rawlins M: Mechanism of salicylate-induced antipyresis. 1973, 311.
• [21]Toiu A, Vlase L, Oniga I, Tamas M: Quantitative analysis of some phenolic compounds from viola species tinctures. Farma J 2008, 56(4):440-445.
• [22]Khattak SG, Gilani SN, Ikram M: Antipyretic studies on some indigenous Pakistani medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol 1985, 14(1):45-51.
• [23]Duarte I, Nakamura M, Ferreira S: Participation of the sympathetic system in acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. Braz J Med and Bio Res 1988, 21(2):341.
• [24]Mbiantcha M, Kamanyi A, Teponno R, Tapondjou A, Watcho P, Nguelefack T: Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Extracts from the Bulbils of Dioscoreabulbifera L. var sativa (Dioscoreaceae) in Mice and Rats. eCAM 2011.
• [25]Khan MA, Khan H, Khan S, Mahmood T, Khan PM, Jabar A: Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of Physalis minima Linn. J Enz Inhib and Med Chem 2009, 24(3):632-637.
• [26]Maity TK, Mandal SC, Mukherjee PK, Saha K, Das J, Pal M, Saha B: Studies on antiinflammatory effect of Cassia tora leaf extract (fam. Leguminosae). Phytother Res 1998, 12(3):221-223.
• [27]Perez-Guerrero C, Herrera MD, Ortiz R: Alvarez de Sotomayor M, Fernandez MA: A pharmacological study of CecropiaobtusifoliaBertol aqueous extract. J Ethnopharmacol 2001, 76(3):279-284.