Experimental assessment of antidiarrheal and antisecretory activity of 80% methanolic leaf extract of Zehneria scabra in mice

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Abraham Fikru Mechesso³  Abyot Endale Gurmu¹  Abebe Ejigu Hailu²  Wondmagegn Tamiru Tadesse² 

[1] Unit of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia;Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;School of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia

关键词: Rodents;    Anti-secretory;    Zehneria scabra;    Anti-diarrhea;   

Others  :  1085255
DOI  :  10.1186/1472-6882-14-460

 received in 2014-04-19, accepted in 2014-11-27,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

The leaf of Zehneria scabra is traditionally used for the management of diarrhea in Ethiopia. Its use, however, has not been scientifically validated for safety and efficacy. The aim of this study was to investigate antidiarrheal and antisecretory effects of hydroalcolic leaf extract of Z. scabra in mice models.

Methods

For each of antidiarrheal, gastrointestinal motility and antisecretory activity study Swiss albino mice were divided in to five groups. Group I was treated as control group and received 10 ml/kg of 2% Tween-80 orally; Group II served as a positive control and took standard drug in each of the experiments orally; Group III, IV and V were test groups which received the methanolic extract orally at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. Depending on the model total weight of fecal output, total weight of wet feces, total number of fecal output, number of wet faeces, length of intestinal transit and intestinal weight were collected. Finally, data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post test.

Result

In castor oil induced diarrhea model, the extract dose produced a significant reduction in mean stool score (1.94 ± 0.102) at 200 mg/kg. Moreover, the 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg doses inhibited stool frequency by 40, 45 and 55%, respectively. All test doses of extract and loperamide (3mg/kg) reduced fecal fluid content significantly (p<0.01). The 100 mg/kg dose of extract produced 25.74% reduction of fluid content (p<0.001) while both 200 and 400 mg/kg showed 29.70 % (p<0.001) compared to negative control group.

Conclusion

The extract of Zehineria scabra showed antidiarrheal and antisecretory activity in mice model. Moreover, the extract found to be safe at dose of 2000mg/kg in mice model. The findings suggest the validity of the acclaimed effect of Zehineria scabra as antidiarrheal agent in Ethiopian traditional herbal medicine.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Tadesse et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Meite S, N’guessan DJ, Bahi C, Yapi FH, Djaman AJ, Guede Guina F: Antidiarrheal activity of the ethyl acetate extract of morinda morindoides in rats. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2009, 8(Suppl 3):201-207.
• [2]Walker CLF, Friberg IK, Binkin N, Young M, Walker N, Fontaine O, Weissman E, Gupta A, Black RE: Scaling up diarrhea prevention and treatment interventions: a lives saved tool analysis. PLoS Med 2011, 8(Suppl 3):e1000428.
• [3]Palombo EA: Phytochemicals from traditional medicinal plants used in the treatment of diarrhoea: modes of action and effects on intestinal function. Phytother Res 2006, 20(Suppl 9):717-724.
• [4]World Health Organization: Water and Sanitation. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 1996. Volume 12
• [5]Gutiérrez SP, Sanchez MAZ, Gonzlalez CP, Garcia LA: Antidiarrhoeal activity of different plants used in traditional medicine. Afr J Biotechnol 2007, 6(Suppl 25):2988-2994.
• [6]Thankurta P, Bhowmik P, Mukjerjee S, Hajra T, Patra A, Bag P: Antibacterial, antisecretory and antihemorrhagic activity of Azadirachta indica used to treat cholera and diarrhea in India. J Ethnopharmacol 2007, 111(Suppl 3):607-612.
• [7]Syder JD, Merson MH: The magnitude of the global problems of acute diarrheal disease: a review of active surveillance data. Bulletin of the WHO 1982, 60:605-613.
• [8]Agunu A, Ahmadu AA, Afolabi SO, Yaro AU, Ehinmidu JO, Mohammed Z: Evaluation of the antibacterial and antidiarrhoeal activities of Heeria insignis O. Ktze. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011, 73(Suppl 3):328-332.
• [9]Messele B, Gebremariam T, Abdel-Mohsen GM: Studies on Extracts of Some Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used for Dermatological Disorders in Ethiopia. Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University press; 2004.
• [10]Gedif T, Hahn H: The use of medicinal plants in self-care in rural central Ethiopia. J Ethnopharmacol 2003, 87:155-161.
• [11]Woldegerima B, Gebre-Mariam T, Gedif T: Ethnopharmacological and Pharmaceutical Studies of Medicinal Plants in Dabat District, North Western Ethiopia. Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University press; 2004.
• [12]Desta B: Ethiopian traditional herbal drugs. Part II: antimicrobial activity of 63 medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol 1993, 39(Suppl 2):129-139.
• [13]Abew B, Sahile S, Moges F: In vitro antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Zehneria scabra and Ricinus communis against Escherichia coli and methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014, 4(Supp 10):816-820.
• [14]Anand SP, Jeyachandran R, Nandagopalan V: NMR spectral analysis on root extract of zehneria scabra - a vital medicinal climber. J Pharm Sci Res 2011, 3(Suppl 1):1015-1018.
• [15]Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources: Guide for the Care and use of Laboratory Animals. 7th edition. Washington DC: National Academy Press; 1996.
• [16]OECD: Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals; Acute Oral Toxicity: Up-and-Down Procedures. OECD Publishing; 2008. http://www.oecdilibrary.org/environment/test-no-425-acute-oral-toxicity-up-and-downprocedure_9789264071049-en webcite, No 425, Adopted October 2008. DOI:10.1787/20745788
• [17]Trease GE, Evans WC: A Textbook of Pharmacognocy. London: Bailliere Tindall Ltd; 1989.
• [18]Sofowora A: Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa. Ibadan, Nigeria: Spectrum Books; 1993.
• [19]Franca CS, Menezes FS, Costa LCB, Niculau ES, Alves PB, Pinto JE, Marcal RM: Analgesic and antidiarrheal properties of Ocimum selloi essential oil in mice. Fitoterapia 2008, 79(Suppl 7–8):569-573.
• [20]Abu Mohammed TI, Muhammad EU, Asharf UC, Mominur R, Razibul H, Atiar R: In vivo antidiarrheal and cytotoxic potential of different fractions of Pandanus Foetidus leaves. Am J Biomed Sci 2013, 5(Suppl 3):208-216.
• [21]Aye-Than JH, Kukarni W, Tha SJ: Antidiarrheal efficacy of some Burmese indigenous drug formulations in experimental diarrhea models. J Crude Drug Res 1989, 27:195-200.
• [22]Fewtrell L, Kaufmann RB, Kay D, Enanoria W, Haller L, Colford JM Jr: Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in less developed countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2005, 5(Suppl 1):42-52.
• [23]Gutiérrez SP, Mendoz DZ, Munive AH, Martínez AM, González CP, Mendoza ES: Antidiarrheal activity of 19-deoxyicetexone isolated from Salvia ballotiflora Benth in mice and rats. Molecules 2013, 18:8895-8905.
• [24]Abate G: Etse Debdabe: Ethiopian Traditional Medicine. Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University press; 1989.
• [25]Dawit A, Aberra G, Asfaw D, Zewdneh M, Frehiowt A, Fehiwot T, Tesfaye K, Kelbessa U, Kidist Y, Tekele B, Bisrat H, Mulugeta G: Screening of some medicinal plants of Ethiopia for their anti-microbial properties and chemical profiles. J Ethnopharmacol 2005, 97:421-427.
• [26]Agbor GA, Léopold T, Jeanne NY: The antidiarrhoeal activity of Alchornea cordifolia leaf extract. Phytother Res 2004, 18:873-876.
• [27]Besra SE, Gomes A, Chaudhury L, Vedasiromoni JR, Ganguly DK: Antidiarrheal activity of seed extract of Albizzia lebbek Benth. Phytother Res 2002, 16:529-533.
• [28]Brijesh S, Daswani P, Tetali P, Antia N, Birdi T: Studies on the antidiarrhoeal activity of Aegle marmelos unripe fruit: Validating its traditional usage. BMC Complement Altern Med 2009, 9(Suppl 47):1-12.
• [29]Rouf ASS, Islam MS, Rahman MT: Evaluation of antidiarrheal activity Rumex maritimus root. J Ethnopharmacol 2003, 84:307-310.
• [30]Chitime HR: Studies on antidiarrheal activity of Calotropis gigantean R.H. in experimental animals. J Phar Pharmaceu Sci 2004, 7(Suppl 1):70-75.
• [31]Gurgel LA, Silva RM, Santos FA, Martins DTO, Mattos PO, Rao VSN: Studies on the antidiarrheal effect of dragon’s blood from Croton urucarana. Phytother Res 2001, 15:319-322.
• [32]Njinga NS, Sule MI, Pateh UU, Hassan HS, Usman MA, Haruna MS: Phytochemical and antidiarrhea activity of the Methanolic Extract of the Stem Bark of Lannea kerstingii Engl. and K. Krause (Anacardiaceae). J Nat Prod Plant Resour 2013, 3(Suppl 3):43-47.
• [33]Macauder PJ: Flavonoids affect acetylcholine, prostaglandin E and antigen mediated muscle contration. Prog Clin Biol Res 1986, 231:489-492.
• [34]Carlo DC, Mascolo N, Izzo AA, Capasso F: Effects of quercetin on the gastrointestinal tract in rats and mice. Phytother Res 1994, 8:42-45.
• [35]Daswani PD, Brijesh S, Tetali P, Antia NH, Birdi TJ: Antidiarrhoeal activity of Zingiber officinale (Rosc.). Curr Sci 2010, 98(Suppl 2):222-229.