BMC Public Health | |
Children, parents, and pets exercising together (CPET) randomised controlled trial: study rationale, design, and methods | |
John J Reilly5  David Young1  Pippa Hutchison2  Nanette Mutrie5  Dianne S Ward4  Carri Westgarth3  Viki Penpraze2  Ryan Morrison2  Philippa S Yam2  | |
[1] University of Strathclyde Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics, Livingstone Tower, Glasgow, UK;University of Glasgow College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK;University of Liverpool Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, UK;University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill 27599-7461, NC, USA;University of Strathclyde Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, Glasgow G13 1PP, UK | |
关键词: CPET; exercise; accelerometry; dogs; children; Obesity; | |
Others : 1163767 DOI : 10.1186/1471-2458-12-208 |
|
received in 2012-02-07, accepted in 2012-03-19, 发布年份 2012 | |
【 摘 要 】
Background
Objectively measured physical activity is low in British children, and declines as childhood progresses. Observational studies suggest that dog-walking might be a useful approach to physical activity promotion in children and adults, but there are no published public health interventions based on dog-walking with children. The Children, Parents, and Pets Exercising Together Study aims to develop and evaluate a theory driven, generalisable, family-based, dog walking intervention for 9-11 year olds.
Methods/design
The Children, Parents, and Pets Exercising Together Study is an exploratory, assessor-blinded, randomised controlled trial as defined in the UK MRC Framework on the development and evaluation of complex interventions in public health. The trial will follow CONSORT guidance. Approximately 40 dog-owning families will be allocated randomly in a ratio of 1.5:1 to receive a simple behavioural intervention lasting for 10 weeks or to a 'waiting list' control group. The primary outcome is change in objectively measured child physical activity using Actigraph accelerometry. Secondary outcomes in the child, included in part to shape a future more definitive randomised controlled trial, are: total time spent sedentary and patterning of sedentary behaviour (Actigraph accelerometry); body composition and bone health from dual energy x-ray absorptiometry; body weight, height and BMI; and finally, health-related quality of life using the PedsQL. Secondary outcomes in parents and dogs are: changes in body weight; changes in Actigraph accelerometry measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Process evaluation will consist of assessment of simultaneous child, parent, and dog accelerometry data and brief interviews with participating families.
Discussion
The Children, Parents, and Pets Exercising Together trial should be the first randomised controlled study to establish and evaluate an intervention aimed at dog-based physical activity promotion in families. It should advance our understanding of whether and how to use pet dogs to promote physical activity and/or to reduce sedentary behaviour in children and adults. The trial is intended to lead to a subsequent more definitive randomised controlled trial, and the work should inform future dog-based public health interventions such as secondary prevention interventions in children or adults.
Trial registration number
【 授权许可】
2012 Yam et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
【 预 览 】
Files | Size | Format | View |
---|---|---|---|
20150413114221890.pdf | 375KB | download | |
Figure 1. | 65KB | Image | download |
【 图 表 】
Figure 1.
【 参考文献 】
- [1]Riddoch CJ, Mattocks C, Deere K, Saunders J, Kirby J, Tilling K, Leary SD, Blair SN, Ness AR: Objective measurement of levels and patterns of physical activity. Arch Dis Child 2007, 92:963-969.
- [2]Basterfield L, Adamson AJ, Parkinson KN, Maute U, Li PX, Reilly JJ: Surveillance of physical activity in the UK is flawed. Arch Dis Child 2008, 93:1054-1058.
- [3]McClure S: Reilly JJ Objectively measured physical activity in a highly obesogenic environment. Child: Care Health Dev 2009, 35:369-375.
- [4]Basterfield L, Pearce MS, Parkinson KN, Adamson AJ, Reilly JJ: Longitudinal study of physical activity and sedentary behavior. Pediatrics 2011, 127:e24-30.
- [5]Janssen I, LeBlanc A: Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged youth. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2010, 7:40. BioMed Central Full Text
- [6]Owen CG, Nightingale CM, Rudnicka AR, Ekelund U, McMinn A, van Sluijs EM, Griffin S, Cook DG, Whincup PH: Ethnic and gender differences in physical activity in 9-10 y old children. Int J Epidemiol 2009, 38:1082-1093.
- [7]Corder K, van Sluijs EMF, Ekelund U, Jones AP, Griffin SJ: Changes in childrens physical activity over 12 months. Pediatrics 2010, 126:e926-35.
- [8]Basterfield L, Pearce MS, Adamson AJ, Frary JK, Parkinson KN, Wright CM, Reilly JJ: Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and adiposity in English children. Am J Prev Med 2012, 42:445-451.
- [9]Hughes AR, Sherriff A, Ness AR, Lawlor DA, Reilly JJ: Incidence of obesity during childhood and adolescence in a large contemporary cohort. Prev Med 2011, 52:300-304.
- [10]Hughes AR, Sherriff A, Ness A, Lawlor DA, Reilly JJ: Timing of excess weight gain in a large cohort of English children growing up in the 1990's (ALSPAC). Pediatrics 2011, 127:e730-e736.
- [11]van Sluijs EMF, Kriemler S, McMinn A: The effect of community and family interventions on young people's physical activity levels. Br J Sports Med 2011, 45:914-922.
- [12]Dobbins M, DeCorby K, Robeson P, Husson H, Tirillis D: School-based activity programs for children and adolescents 6-18 years. Cochrane 2009., (1 Database)
- [13]Jimenez-Pavon D, Kelly J, Reilly JJ: Associations between objectively measured habitual physical activity and adiposity in children and adolescents: systematic review. Int J Pediatr Obes 2010, 5:3-18.
- [14]Waters E, de Silva-Sanigorski A, Hall BJ, Brown T, Campbell KJ, Gao Y, Armstrong R, Prosser L, Summerbell CD: Interventions for preventing obesity in children. Cochrane 2011., (12 Database)
- [15]Reilly JJ: Can we modulate physical activity in children?: Yes. Int J Obes 2011, 35:1266-1269.
- [16]Reilly JJ: Physical activity and obesity in childhood and adolescence. Lancet 2005, 366:268-269.
- [17]Wilkin TJ: Can we modulate physical activity in children?: No. Int J Obes 2011, 35:1270-1276.
- [18]Bauman AE, Russell SJ, Furber SE, Dobson AJ: The epidemiology of dog-walking: an unmet need for human and canine health. Med J Aust 2001, 175:632-634.
- [19]Murray JK, Browne WJ, Roberts MA, Whitmarsh A, Gruffyd-Jones TJ: Number and ownership profiles of cats and dogs in the UK. Vet Rec 2010, 166:163-168.
- [20]Westgarth C, Pinchbeck GL, Bradshaw JWS, Dawson S, Gaskell RM, Christley RM: Factors associated with dog ownership and contact with dogs in a UK community. BMC Vet Res 2007, 3:5. BioMed Central Full Text
- [21]Harris TJ, Owen CG, Victor CR, Adams R, Cook DG: What factors are associated with physical activity in older people, assessed objectively by accelerometry? Br J Sports Med 2009, 436:442-450.
- [22]Cutt H, Giles-Corti B, Knuiman M, Timperio A, Bull F: Understanding dog-owners increased levels of physical activity. Am J Publ Health 2008, 98:66-69.
- [23]Reeves MJ, Rafferty AP, Miller CE, Lyon-Callo SK: The impact of dog-walking on leisure time physical activity. J Phys Act & Health 2011, 8:436-444.
- [24]Owen CG, Nightingale CM, Rudnicka AR, Ekelund U, McMinn A, van Sluijs EMF, Griffin S, Cook DG, Whincup PH: Family dog ownership and levels of physical activity in childhood. Am J Publ Health 2010, 100:1669-71.
- [25]Salmon J, Timperio A, Chu B, Veitch J: Dog ownership, dog walking, and children and parent physical activity. Res Q Exerc Sport 2010, 81:264-271.
- [26]Timperio A, Salmon J, Chu B, Andrianopolous N: Is dog ownership or dog walking associated with weight status in children and their parents? Health Prom J Aust 2008, 19:60-3.
- [27]Coleman KJ, Rosenberg DE, Conway TL: Physical activity, weight status, and neighborhood characteristics of dog walkers. Prev Med 2008, 473:309-312.
- [28]Westgarth C, Heron J, Ness AR, Bundred P, Gaskell RM, Coyne KP, German AJ, McCune S, Dawson S: Is pet ownership associated with childhood obesity? International Human-Animal Interaction Organisations Conference, Stockholm 2010.
- [29]Kushner RF, Jackson-Blatner D, Jewell DE, Rudloff K: People and pets exercising together. Obesity 2006, 14:1762-1770.
- [30]Ward DS, Pate RR, Saunders RP: Physical activity interventions in children and youth. Champaign, Ill: Human Kinetics; 2006.
- [31]McMinn A, van Sluijs AMF, Nightingale CM, Griffin SJ, Cook DG, Owen C, Rudnicka AR, Whincup P: Family and home correlates of children's physical activity. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2011, 8:11. BioMed Central Full Text
- [32]King AC, Parkinson KN, Adamson AJ, Murray L, Besson H, Reilly JJ, Basterfield L: Correlates of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour in English children. Eur J Publ Health 2011, 21:424-431.
- [33]Craig P, Dieppe P, McIntyre S, Michie S, Nazareth I, Petticrew M: Developing and evaluating complex interventions: the new MRC guidance. BMJ 2008, 337:1655.
- [34]Salmon J, Arundell L, Hume C, Brown H, Hesketh K, Dunstan DW, Daly RM, Pearson N, Cerin E, Moddie M, Sheppard L, Ball K, Bagley S, Chin A, Paw M, Crawford D: A cluster RCT to reduce sedentary behavior and promote physical activity and health of 8-9 year olds: the Transform-Us! Study. BMC Public Health 2011, 11:795. BioMed Central Full Text
- [35]Glasgow RE, Vogt TM, Boles SM: Evaluating the public health impact of health promotion interventions: the RE-AIM Framework. Am J Publ Health 1999, 89:1322-1327.
- [36]Schultz KF, Altman DG, Moher D: CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. Br Med J 2010, 340:c332.
- [37]Hughes AR, Stewart L, Chapple J, Donaldson M, Zabihollah M, Ahmed SF, Kelnar CJH, Reilly JJ: Randomized controlled trial of a best-practice, individualized, behavioral program for treatment of childhood overweight: Scottish Childhood Overweight Treatment Trial (SCOTT). Pediatrics 2008, 121:e539-546.
- [38]Corder K, van Sluijs EMF, Goodyer I, Ridgway CL, Steele RM, Bamber D, Dunn V, Griffin S, Ekelund U: Physical activity awareness of English adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2011, 7:603-609.
- [39]Yam PS, Penpraze V, Young D, Houston-Callaghan K, Cloney A, Todd M, Reilly JJ: Validity, practical utility, and reliability of accelerometry for measurement of habitual physical activity in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2011, 52:86-91.
- [40]Reilly JJ, Penpraze V, Hislop J, Davies G, Grant S, Paton JY: Objective measurement of physical activity and sedentary behaviour: review with new data. Arch Dis Child 2008, 93:614-619.
- [41]Puyau MR, Adolph AL, Vohra FA, Butte NF: Validation and calibration of activity monitors in children. Obes Res 2002, 10:150-157.
- [42]Hughes AR, Farewell K, Harris D, Reilly JJ: Quality of life in a clinical sample of obese children. Int J Obes 2007, 31:39-44.
- [43]Edney AT, Smith PM: Study of obesity in dogs visiting veterinary practices in the United Kingdom. Vet Rec 1986, 118:391-396.
- [44]Allender S, Foster C, Scarborough P, Rayner M: The burden of physical activity related ill health in the UK. J Epidemiol Comm Health 2007, 61:344-348.
- [45]The Toronto Charter for Physical Activity: a call to action. [http://www.globalpa.org.uk/charter] webcite accessed 13th December 2011
- [46]Westgarth C, Heron J, Ness AR, Bundred P, Gaskell RM, Coyne KP, German AJ, McCune S: Pet ownership during childhood: findings from a UK birth cohort and implications for public health research. Int J Env Res Publ Health 2010, 7:3704-3729.
- [47]Dunstan DW, Healy GN, Sugiyama T, Owen N: Too much sitting and metabolic risk. Eur Endocrinol 2010, 2010(6):19-23.
- [48]Davies G, Reilly JJ, McGowan AJ, Dall PM, Granat MH, Paton JY: Validity, practical utility, and reliability of the activPAL in pre-school children. Med Sci Sports Exerc, in press.
- [49]Martin A, McNeill M, Penpraze V, Dall P, Granat M, Paton JY, Reilly JJ: Objective measurement of habitual sedentary behavior in pre-school children: comparison of the activPAL with the Actigraph monitor. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2011, 23:468-476.
- [50]Tremblay MS, Colley RC, Saunders TJ, Healy GN, Owen N: Physiological and health implications of a sedentary lifestyle. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2010, 35:725-740.