Caryocar brasiliense supercritical CO2 extract possesses antimicrobial and antioxidant properties useful for personal care products

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Priscila G Mazzola²  Mary Ann Foglio¹  Patricia Moriel²  Lilian FB Amaral³ 

[1] CPQBA–Multidisciplinary Center of Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Researches, University of Campinas (UNICAMP)–Rua Alexandre Cazellato, 999, Vila Betel, Paulínia, SP, Brasil;Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (FCM-UNICAMP)–Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 Campinas, SP, Brasil;Rua Horácio Cenci, 345, Apto 32, Campolim, Postal Code: 18047-800 Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil

关键词: Antioxidant activity;    Antimicrobial activity;    Supercritical CO₂ extraction;    Pequi;   

Others  :  1220250
DOI  :  10.1186/1472-6882-14-73

 received in 2013-05-03, accepted in 2014-01-10,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

The cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries have an increasing interest in replacing synthetic antimicrobials in dermatological products due to increased microbial resistance to conventional antimicrobial agents. Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) is a native fruit tree of the Brazilian Cerrado, specifically used in cosmetics, in the food industry, and for medicinal purposes. Leishmanicidal and antifungal activities have been reported previously. This study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of a C. brasiliense extract obtained by supercritical CO₂ extraction.

Methods

The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were determined by the classical microdilution method. Antiseptic activity against these organisms was evaluated by the plate diffusion method. The antioxidant potential of the extract was evaluated using a method based on the oxidation of 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS). The extract’s chemical profile was analyzed for the presence of alkaloids, saponins, anthraquinones, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds according to standard colorimetric methods.

Results

The C. brasiliense supercritical CO₂ extract exhibits antimicrobial activity against all bacteria tested. It also possesses antioxidant activity, when compared to a vitamin E standard.

Conclusions

The C. brasiliense supercritical CO₂ extract may be useful for the development of personal care products, primarily for antiseptic skin products that inactivate, reduce, prevent, or arrest the growth of microorganisms with the inherent intent to mitigate or prevent disease as well as products that minimize damage caused by free radicals.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Amaral et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Augustin M, Hoch Y: Phytotherapie bei Hauterkrankungen. Urban und Fischer 2004, 4:1-7.
• [2]Blaschek W, Ebel S, Hackenthal E, Holzgrabe U, Keller K, Reichling J, Schulz V: Hagers Handbuch der Drogen und Arzneistoffe. Springer: Berlin Heidelberg; 2004.
• [3]Collevati RG, Grattapaglia D, Hay JD: Evidences for multiple maternal lineages of Caryocar brasiliense populations in the Brazilian Cerrado based on the analysis of chloroplast DNA sequences and microsatellite haplotype variation. Mol Ecol 2003, 12(1):105-115.
• [4]Franquilino E: Ativos amazônicos. Cosmet Toiletries 2006, 18(5):18-24.
• [5]Almeida SP, Silva JA: Piqui e buriti: importância alimentar para a população dos cerrados. Planaltina: EMBRAPA-CPAC; 1994.
• [6]Vera R, Eli RB, Eliana PF, Ronaldo VN, Manoel SSJ, Márcio C, Paulo AX: Caracterização física e química de frutos do pequizeiro (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) oriundos de duas regiões no estado de goiás, Brasil. Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical 2007, 37(2):93-99.
• [7]Matos FJA: Plantas medicinais: guia de seleção e emprego de plantas usadas em fitoterapia no Nordeste do Brasil. 3rd edition. Fortaleza: Imprensa Universitária; 2007.
• [8]Lima FN: Plantas medicinais comercializadas nos municípios de Crato, Juazeiro do Norte e Barbalha-CE. Crato: Universidade Regional do Cariri; 1996.
• [9]Londe LN, Vieira CU, Kerr WE, Bonetti AM: Characterization of DNA polymorphisms in Caryocar brasiliense (Camb.) in populations with and without thorn at the endocarp by RAPD markers. Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences 2010, 82(3):779-789.
• [10]Oliveira IG, Cartaxo SL, Silva MAP: Plantas medicinais utilizadas na farmacopéia popular em Crato, Juazeiro e Barbalha (Ceará, Brasil). Revista Brasileira de Biociências 2007, 5(1):189-191.
• [11]Santos BR, Paiva R, Dombroski JLD: Pequizeiro (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.): uma espécie promissora do cerrado brasileiro. 64th edition. Boletim Agropecuário da Universidade Federal de Lavras; 2004. Available at: http://editora.ufla.br/upload/boletim/tecnico/boletim-tecnico-64.pdf webcite. Accessed August 10, 2011
• [12]Facioli NL, Gonçalves LAG: Modificação por via enzimática da composição triglicerídica do óleo de piqui (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.). Quim Nova 1998, 21(1):16-19.
• [13]Rieger MM: Skin lipids and their importance to cosmetic science: cosmet. Toiletries 1997, 102(7):45-49.
• [14]Mandelbaum SH, Di Santis EP, Mandelbaum MHS: Cicatrização: conceitos atuais e recursos auxiliares parte I. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologi 2003, 78(5):525-542.
• [15]Paula-Júnior W, Rocha FH, Donatti L: Leishmanicidal, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities of Caryocar brasiliense Cambess leaves hydroethanolic extract. Rev bras Farmacogn 2006, 14:625-630.
• [16]Azevedo-Meleiro CH, Rodriguez-Amaya DB: Confirmation of the identity of the carotenoids of tropical fruits by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS. J Food Compos Anal 2004, 17:385-396.
• [17]Machado MTC, Mello BCBS, Hubinger MD: Study of alcoholic and aqueous extraction of pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) natural antioxidants and extracts concentration by nanofiltration. J Food Eng 2013, 17:450-457.
• [18]Roesler R, Catharino RR, Malta LG, Eberlin MN, Pastore G: Antioxidant activity of Caryocar brasiliense (pequi) and characterisation of components by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2008, 110:711-717.
• [19]Degáspari CH, Waszczynskyj N, Santos RJ: Atividade antioxidante de extrato de fruto de Aroeira (Schinus terebenthifolius Raddi). Visão acadêmica de Curitiba 2004, 2:83-90.
• [20]Bretherick L (Ed): Hazards in the chemical laboratory. 6th edition. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry; 1994.
• [21]Gamse T: Industrial applications and current trends in supercritical fluid technologies. Hem ind 2005, 59(9–10):207-212.
• [22]Del Valle JM, Godoy C, Assencio M, Aguilera JM: Recovery of antioxidants from boldo (Peumus boldus M.) by conventional and supercritical CO2 extraction. Food Res Intern 2004, 37:695-702.
• [23]Harborne JB: Phytochemical methods: a guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. 3rd edition. London, UK: Chapman & Hall; 1998.
• [24]CTFA–Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association: Microbiology guidelines–determination of preservative adequacy in cosmetics formulation. Washington, D.C: Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association; 2001.
• [25]Mazzola PG, Penna TCV, Martins AM: Determination of decimal reduction time (D value) of chemical agents used in hospitals for disinfection purposes. BMC Infect Dis 2003, 3:24-34. BioMed Central Full Text
• [26]Mazzola PG, Jozala AF, Novaes LCL, Moriel P, Penna TCV: Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination of disinfectant and/or sterilizing agents. Braz J Pharm Sci 2009, 45(2):241-248.
• [27]Kopermsub P, Mayen V, Warin C: Potential use of niosomes for encapsulation of nisin and EDTA and their antibacterial activity enhancement. Food Res Int 2011, 44:605-612.
• [28]Pinto TJA, Kaneko TM, Ohara MT: Controle biológico de qualidade de produtos farmacêuticos, correlatos e cosméticos. 2nd edition. São Paulo: Atheneu; 2003.
• [29]Jones ME, Karlowsky JA, Draghi DC, Thornsberry C, Sahm DF, Nathwani D: Epidemiology and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria causing skin and soft tissue infections in the USA and Europe: a guide to appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Inter J Antimic Age 2003, 22:406-419.
• [30]Rennie RP, Jones RN, Mutnick AH: Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of pathogens isolated from skin and soft tissue infections: report from the Sentry antimicrobial surveillance program. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2003, 45:287-293.
• [31]Ostrosky EA, Mizumoto MK, Lima MEL: Métodos para avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana e determinação da Concentração Mínima Inibitória (CMI) de plantas medicinais. Rev bras farmacogn 2008, 18(2):301-307.
• [32]Roessler WG: Methods of testing antiseptics. In BLOCK, S. S. Desinfection, sterilization and preservation. 3rd edition. Philadelphya: Lea & Febiger; 1983:100-106.
• [33]Bezerra JC, Silva IA, Ferreira HD, Ferri PH, Santos SC: Molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata of Brazilian Cerrado medicinal plants. Rev Fitoterapia 2002, 73(5):428-430.
• [34]Barreto GP, Benassi MT, Mercadante AZ: Bioactive compounds from several tropical fruits and correlation by multivariate analysis to free radical scavenger activity. J Braz Chem Soc 2009, 20(10):1856-1861.
• [35]Havsteen B: Flavonoids, a class of natural products of high pharmacological potency. Biochem Pharmacol 1983, 32:1141-1148.
• [36]Harborne JB, Baxter H: The handbook of natural flavonoids. 1 and 2 edition. Chichester, UK: John Wiley and Sons; 1999.
• [37]Cushnie TPT, Lamb AJ: Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids. I Inter J Antimic Age 2005, 26:343-356.
• [38]Kumar A, Samarth RM, Yasmeen S, Sharma A, Sugahara T, Terado T, Kimura H: Anticancer and radioprotective potentials of Mentha piperita. Biofactors 2004, 22:87-91.
• [39]Gupta N, Saxena G, Kalra SS: Antimicrobial activity pattern of certain terpenoids. Int J Pharmacol Bio Sci 2011, 2:87-91.
• [40]Cox SD, Mann CM, Markham JL, Bell HC, Gustafson JE, Warmington JR, Wyllie SG: The mode of antimicrobial action of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil). J Appl Microbiol 2000, 88:170-175.
• [41]Morel I, Lescoat G, Cogrel P, Sergent O, Pasdeloup N, Brissot P, Cillard P, Cillard J: Antioxidant and iron-chelant activities of the flavonoids catechin, quercetin and diosmetin on iron-loaded rat hepatocyte cultures. Biochem Pharmacol 1993, 45:13-19.
• [42]Velioglu YS, Mazza G, Gao L, Oomah BD: Antioxidant activity and total phenolics in selected fruits, vegetables, and grain products. J Agric Food Chem 1998, 46(10):4113-4117.
• [43]Halliwell B: Antioxidants in human health and disease. Annu Rev Nutr 1996, 16:33-50.
• [44]Machado MTC, Mello BCBS, Hubinger MD: Study of alcoholic and aqueous extraction of pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) natural antioxidants and extracts concentration by nanofiltration. J Food Eng 2013, 117(4):450-457.
• [45]Gülçin I, Oktay M, Kireçci E, Küfrevioglu OI: Screening of antioxidant and antimicrobial acitivities of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) seed extracts. Food Chem 2003, 83:371-382.
• [46]Antolovich M, Prenzler PD, Patsalides E, McDonald S, Robards K: Methods for testing antioxidant activity. Analyst 2002, 127:183-198.
• [47]Miller NJ, Rice-Evans CA, Davies MJ, Gopinathann V, Milner A: A novel method for measuring antioxidant capacity and its application to monitoring the antioxidant status in premature neonates. Clin Sci 1993, 84:407-412.
• [48]Scalfi C, Fogliano V, Pentagelo A, Graziani C, Giordano I, Ritieni A: Antioxidant ativity and general fruit characteristics in different ecotypes of corbarini small tomatoes. J Agric Food Chem 2000, 48:1363-1366.
• [49]Mazza G, Kay CD, Cottrell T, Holub BJ: Absorption of anthocyanins from blueberries and serum antioxidants status in human subjects. J Agric Food Chem 2002, 50:7731-7737.
• [50]Sucupira NR, Silva AB, Pereira G, Costa JN: Methods for measuring antioxidant activity of fruits. UNOPAR Cient Ciênc Biol Saúde 2012, 14(4):263-269.