Factors associated with stunting among children of age 24 to 59 months in Meskan district, Gurage Zone, South Ethiopia: a case-control study

BMC Public Health

Lamessa Dube¹  Sahilu Assegid¹  Teshale Fikadu² 

[1] College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma 378, Ethiopia;Arba Minch Health Science College, Arba Minch, Ethiopia

关键词: Ethiopia;    Factors;    Children;    Stunting;   

Others  :  1128777
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2458-14-800

 received in 2013-11-26, accepted in 2014-07-29,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Stunting is one of the major causes of morbidity among under-five children Knowledge about risk factors of stunting is an important precondition for developing and strengthening nutritional intervention strategies. The purpose of this study was to assess factors associated with stunting among children of age 24 to 59 months in Meskan District of Gurage Zone, South Ethiopia.

Methods

Community based case-control study was conducted among children of age 24 to 59 months. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Cases were stunted children while controls were not stunted children. A total of 121 cases and 121 controls were studied.. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 statistical software.

Results

Children living in households with eight to ten [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 4.44, 95% CI: 1.65, 11.95] and five to seven [AOR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.41, 6.29] family members were more likely to be stunted than those living in households with two to four family members. Similarly, children living in households with three under-five children [AOR = 3.77, 95% CI: 1.33, 10.74] were more likely to develop stunting than those living in households with one under-five child. Children whose mothers worked as merchants [AOR = 4.03, 95% CI: 1.60, 10.17] were more likely to be stunted than children whose mothers worked as house wives. Children who breast fed for <2 years [AOR = 5.61, 95% CI: 1.49, 11.08] were more likely to be stunted than those who breast fed ≥2 years. Children who were exclusively breast fed for <6 months [AOR = 3.27, 95% CI: 1.21, 8.82]were more likely to develop stunting than children who were exclusively breast fed for the first 6 months. Children who bottle fed [AOR =3.30, 95% CI: 1.33, 8.17)] were more likely to be stunted than children who fed their complementary food using spoon/cup.

Conclusions

Family size, number of under-five children in the household, maternal occupation, duration of exclusive breastfeeding, duration breast feeding, and method of feeding complementary food were independently associated with stunting. Thus, public health intervention working on improving child nutrition should consider these determinants.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Fikadu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]World Health Organization: Maternal, Infant and Young Child Nutrition. Geneva; 2011.
• [2]Black RE, Allen LH, Bhutta ZA, Caulfield LE, Onis M, Ezzati M, Mathers C, Rivera J: Maternal and child under nutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences. Lancet 2008, 371(9608):243-260.
• [3]UNDP: Children Malnutrition and Horizontal Inequalities in Sub-Saharan Africa. 2012.
• [4]World Health Organization: Nutrition for Health and Development: A Global Agenda for Combating Malnutrition. Geneva; 2000.
• [5]Underwood BA: Health and Nutrition in Women, Infants, and Children: Overview of the Global Situation and the Asian Enigma. Nutr Rev 2002, 60:5.
• [6]Onis MO, Blossner M, Borghi E: Prevalence and trends of stunting among pre-school children, 1990–2020. NS Public Health Nutrition 2011, 15(1):142-148.
• [7]Central Statistical Agency [Ethiopia] and ICF International: Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Calverton, Maryland, USA: Central Statistical Agency and ICF International; 2012.
• [8]Jesmin A, Yamamoto SS, Malik AA, Haque A: Prevalence and Determinants of Chronic Malnutrition among Preschool Children. J Health Popul Nutr 2011, 29(5):494-499.
• [9]Dewey KG, Begum KB: Long-term consequences of stunting in early life. Mat Child Nutri 2011, 7(3):5-18.
• [10]Kar BR, Rao SL, Chandramouli BA: Cognitive development in children with chronic protein energy malnutrition. BMC Behavioral and Brain Functions 2008, 4:31.
• [11]Morris SS, Cogill B, Uauy R: Effective international action against under nutrition: why has it proven so difficult and what can be done to accelerate progress. Lancet 2008, 371:608-621.
• [12]Vitolo MR, Gama CM, Bortolini GA, Campagnolo PD, Dranchler ML: Some risk factors associated with overweight, stunting and wasting among children under 5 years old. J Pediatr 2008, 84(3):251-257.
• [13]Cristina R, Israel P, Sa Leal V, Oliveira JS, Cristina S, Augusta LA, Rissin A, Filho MB: Determinants of stunting in children under five in Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. Rev Saude Publica 2011, 45(6):1079-1087.
• [14]Zottarelli LK, Sunil TS, Rajaram S: Influence of parental and socioeconomic factors on stunting in children under 5 years in Egypt. Eastern Mediterranean 2007, 13(6):1330-1342.
• [15]Reyes H, Perez-Cuevas R, Sandoval A, Castillo R, Santos JI, Doubova SV, Gonzalo G: The family as a determinant of stunting in children living in conditions of extreme poverty: a case- control study. BMC Public Health 2004., 4(57) doi:10.1186/1471-2458-4-57
• [16]Das S, Sahoo H: An Investigation into Factors Affecting Child Under nutrition in Madhya Pradesh. Anthropologist 2011, 13(3):227-233.
• [17]Mamabolo RL, Alberts M, Steyn NP, Waal HA, Levitt NS: Prevalence and determinants of stunting and overweight in 3-year-old black South African children residing in the Central Region of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Public Health Nutr 2005, 8(5):501-508.
• [18]Umeta M, Clive EW, Hans V, Haidar J, Joseph H: Factors Associated with Stunting in Infants Aged 5–11 Months in the Dodota-Sire District, Rural Ethiopia. J Nutri 2002, 133:1064-1069.
• [19]Ergin F, Okyay P, Atasoylu G, Beser E: Nutritional status and risk factors of chronic malnutrition in children under five years of age in Aydin. Turkish J Pediatr 2007, 49:283-289.
• [20]Kamal M: Socio-economic Determinants of Severe and Moderate Stunting among Under-Five Children of Rural Bangladesh. Mal J Nutr 2011, 17(1):105-118.
• [21]Willey AB, Cameron N, Norris AS, Pettifor JM, Griffiths PL: Socio-economic predictors of stunting in preschool children: a population-based study from Johannesburg and Soweto. S Afr Med J 2009, 99:450-456.
• [22]Farid-ul-Hasnain S, Sophie R: Prevalence and risk factors for Stunting among children under 5 years: a community based study from Jhangara town, Dadu Sindh. JPMA 2010, 60(1):41-44.
• [23]Teshome B, Kogi-Makau W, Getahun Z, Taye G: Magnitude and determinants of stunting in children under-five years of age in food surplus region of Ethiopia: The case of West Gojam Zone. Ethiop J Health Dev 2009, 23(2):98-106.
• [24]Abuya BA, Ciera J, Kimani-Murage E: Effect of mother’s education on child’s nutritional status in the slums of Nairobi. BMC Pediatr 2012, 12:80.
• [25]Taguri A, Betilmal I, Mahmud SM, Ahmed AM, Goulet O, Galan P, Hercberg S: Risk factors for stunting among under-fives in Libya. Public Health Nutr 2009, 12(8):1141-1149.
• [26]Muchina EN, Waithaka PM: Relationship between breastfeeding practices and nutritional status of children aged 0-24 months in Nairobi, Kenya. AJFAND 2011, 10(4):2358-2378.
• [27]Awogbenja MD, Ugwuona FU: Feeding Practices and Nutritional Status of Under- Five Children in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. PAT 2010, 6(1):23-35.
• [28]Ramli , Agho KE, Inder KJ, Bowe SJ, Jacobs J, Dibley MJ: Prevalence and risk factors for stunting and severe stunting among under-fives in North Maluku province of Indonesia. BMC Pediatr 2009, 9:64.
• [29]Prema R, Hema SG: Under nutrition & risk of infections in preschool children. Indian J Med Res 2009, 130:579-583.
• [30]Turyashemererwa FM, Kikafunda JK, Agaba E: Prevalence of Early Childhood Malnutrition and Influencing Factors in Peri-Urban Areas of Kabarole District, Western Uganda. AJFAND 2009, 9:4.