A qualitative investigation of attitudes towards aerobic and resistance exercise amongst overweight and obese individuals

BMC Research Notes

Nicola Guess¹ 

[1] Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Newham General Hospital, Glen Road, E13 8SL, London, UK

关键词: Obese;    Overweight;    Resistance exercise;    Aerobic;   

Others  :  1166495
DOI  :  10.1186/1756-0500-5-191

 received in 2011-09-13, accepted in 2012-04-05,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Background

Most people are not meeting the minimal requirements for physical activity participation, particularly people who are overweight or obese. Numerous initiatives have been developed which aim to increase levels of physical activity in this group, yet little is known about their feelings towards different types of exercise. In particular, resistance exercise may offer unique benefits to people seeking to lose weight, yet no study to date has examined views of resistance exercise amongst the overweight and obese. This qualitative study examined the views and attitudes towards aerobic and resistance exercise amongst overweight and obese individuals engaged in a weight management clinic.

Methods

30 overweight and obese patients comprised of 25 females and 5 males, with a mean age of 40.7 years (SD = 15.2) and mean BMI of 33.8 kg/m² (SD = 7.9) were recruited from a dietetic clinic to take part in baseline focus groups and interviews to assess their views on physical activity. After selecting and participating in a 12 week aerobic- or resistance-exercise program, the participants took part in follow-up interviews. Thematic analysis was then performed on the transcribed focus group and interview data.

Results

For the overweight and obese women in this study, weight loss was the primary motivation for physical activity participation. Subsequently, these women perceived a failure to lose weight as strongly affecting their motivation to continue or re-engage in physical activity. Only 3 participants selected the resistance exercise option. The view of resistance exercise as a masculine activity was a dominant theme amongst all participants. A lack of knowledge of how to perform certain exercises emerged as a barrier, but was seen by the participants as surmountable given appropriate instruction.

Conclusions

The females in this study cited weight loss as a primary motivation for physical activity participation. This view must be reconciled with the existing knowledge base of physical activity requirements for successful weight loss and maintenance. Participants in this study had little awareness or experience of resistance exercise, and many were fearful of the potential risks.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Guess; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Department of Health Physical Activity, Health Improvement and Prevention: At least five a week: Evidence of the impact of physical activity and its relationship to health: A report from the Chief Medical Officer. Department of Health, Physical Activity, Health Improvement and Prevention, London; 2004. i-vi
• [2]Donnelly JE, Blair SN, Jakicic JM, Manore MM, Rankin JW, Smith BK: American college of sports medicine: appropriate intervention strategies for weight loss and prevention of weight regain for adults. American college of sports medicine position stand. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001, 33:2145-2156.
• [3]Saris WH, Blair SN, van Baak MA, Eaton SB, Davies PS, Di Pietro L, Fogelholm M, Rissanen A, Schoeller D, Swinburn B, Tremblay A, Westerterp KR, Wyatt H: How much physical activity is enough to prevent unhealthy weight gain? Outcome of the IASO 1st Stock Conference and consensus statement. Obes Rev 2003, 4:101-114.
• [4]Centre TI: Health Survey for England 2008: Physical activity and fitness. Summary of key findings. In Book Health Survey for England 2008: Physical activity and fitness. Summary of key findings(Editor ed.^eds.). City 2009.
• [5]National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence: Four commonly used methods to increase physical activity: brief interventions in primary care, exercise referral schemes, pedometers and community-based exercise programmes for walking and cycling. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, London; 2006. [Public Health Intervention Guidance no. 2]
• [6]Allender S, Cowburn G, Foster C: Understanding participation in sport and physical activity among children and adults: a review of qualitative studies. Health Educ Res 2006, 21:826-835.
• [7]Williams NH, Hendry M, France B, Lewis R, Wilkinson C: Effectiveness of exercise-referral schemes to promote physical activity in adults: systematic review. Br J Gen Pract 2007, 57:979-986.
• [8]Jabekk PT, Moe IA, Meen HD, Tomten SE, Høstmark AT: Resistance training in overweight women on a ketogenic diet conserved lean body mass while reducing body fat. Nutr Metab 2010, 2:17-27.
• [9]Hunter GR, Byrne NM, Sirikul B, Fernández JR, Zuckerman PA, Darnell BE, Gower BA: Resistance Training Conserves Fat-free Mass and Resting Energy Expenditure Following Weight Loss. Obesity 2008, 16:1045-1051.
• [10]Bryner RW, Ullrich IH, Sauers J, Donley D, Hornsby G, Kolar M, Yeater R: Effects of resistance vs. aerobic training combined with an 800 calorie liquid diet on lean body mass and resting metabolic rate. J Am Coll Nutr 1999, 18:115-121.
• [11]Ahmed C, Hilton W, Pituch K: Relations of strength training to body image among a sample of female university students. J Strength Cond Res 2002, 16(4):645-648.
• [12]Senna G, Willardson JM, de Salles BF, Scudese E, Carneiro F, Palma A, Simão R: The effect of rest interval length on multi and single-joint exercise performance and perceived exertion. J Strength Cond Res 2011, 25(11):3157-3162.
• [13]Praet SF, van Rooij ES, Wijtvliet A, Boonman-de Winter LJ, Enneking T, Kuipers H, Stehouwer CD, van Loon LJ: Brisk walking compared with an individualised medical fitness programme for patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia 2008, 51:736-746.
• [14]Ekkekakis P, Lind E, Vazou S: Affective responses to increasing levels of exercise intensity in normal-weight, overweight, and obese middle-aged women. Obesity 2010, 18:79-85.
• [15]LaForgia J, Withers RT, Gore CJ: Effects of exercise intensity and duration on the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption. J Sports Sci 2006, 24:1247-1264. Review
• [16]Hunter GR, Byrne NM, Gower BA, Sirikul B, Hills AP: Increased resting energy expenditure after 40 minutes of aerobic but not resistance exercise. Obesity 2006, 14:2018-2025.
• [17]Thompson RL, Thomas DE: A cross-sectional survey of the opinions on weight loss treatments of adult obese patients attending a dietetic clinic. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000, 24:164-170.
• [18]Williams NH: “The wise, for cure, on exercise depend”: physical activity interventions in primary care in Wales. Br J Sports Med 2009, 43:106-108.
• [19]Dugdill L, Graham RC, McNair F: Exercise referral: the public health panacea for physical activity promotion? A critical perspective of exercise referral schemes; their development and evaluation. Ergonomics 2005, 48:1390-1410. Review
• [20]Williams NH, Hendry M, France B, Lewis R, Wilkinson C: Effectiveness of exercise-referral schemes to promote physical activity in adults: systematic review. Br J Gen Pract 2007, 57:979-986. review
• [21]da Silva SG, Elsangedy HM, Krinski K, de Campos W, Buzzachera CF, Krause MP, Goss FL, Robertson RJ: Effect of body mass index on affect at intensities spanning the ventilatory threshold. Percept Mot Skills 2011, 113(2):575-588.
• [22]Focht BC, Garver M, Cotter J, Devor ST: Affective Responses To Resistance Exercise Performed At Self-selected And Imposed Loads In Trained Women [Abstract]. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010, 42:S44.
• [23]Millstein RA, Carlson SA, Fulton JE, Galuska DA, Zhang J, Blanck HM, Ainsworth BE: Relationships between body size satisfaction and weight control practices among US adults. Medscape J Med 2008, 10:119-124.
• [24]Borg P, Kukkonen-Harjula K, Fogelholm M, Pasanen M: Effects of walking or resistance training on weight loss maintenance in obese, middle-aged men: a randomized trial. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2002, 26:676-683.
• [25]Trost SG, Owen N, Bauman AE, Sallis JF, Brown W: Correlates of adults' participation in physical activity: review and update. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002, 34:1996-2001.
• [26]Carroll R, Ali N, Azam N: Promoting physical activity in South Asian Muslim women through “exercise on prescription”. Health Technol Assess 2002, 6:100-101.
• [27]Bryan AD, Rocheleau CA: Predicting aerobic versus resistance 1195 exercise using the theory of planned behavior. Am J Health Behav 2002, 26:83-94.
• [28]Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Herrmann SD, Meckes N, Bassett DR Jr, Tudor-Locke C, Greer JL, Vezina J, Whitt-Glover MC, Leon AS: 2011 Compendium of Physical Activities: a second update of codes and MET values. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011, 43(8):1575-1581.
• [29]Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR, Powell KE, Blair SN, Franklin BA, Macera CA, Heath GW, Thompson PD, Bauman A: American college of sports medicine; American heart association physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American college of sports medicine and the American heart association. Circulation 2007, 116(9):1081-1093.
• [30]Fox KR: A clinical approach to exercise in the markedly obese. In Treatment of the seriously obese patient. Edited by Wadden TA, Itallie TB. Guildford press, London; 1992:354-382.
• [31]IEFS: A Pan-EU Survey on Consumer Attitudes to Physical Activity, Body Weight and Health. Directorate General, European Union, Luxembourg; 1998.
• [32]Rai D, Finch H: Physical Activity ‘From Our Point of View’. Health Education Authority, London; 1997.
• [33]Williams MA, Haskell WL, Ades PA, Amsterdam EA, Bittner V, Franklin BA, Gulanick M, Laing ST, Stewart KJ, American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology American Heart Association Council on Nutrition Physical Activity, and Metabolism, American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology American Heart Association Council on Nutrition Physical Activity, and Metabolism: Resistance exercise in individuals with and without cardiovascular disease: 2007 update: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology and Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Circulation 2007, 116:572-584. Review
• [34]American College of Sports Medicine: ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 7th edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia; 2006.
• [35]Hills AP, Shultz SP, Soares MJ, Byrne NM, Hunter GR, King NA, Misra A: Resistance training for obese, type 2 diabetic adults: a review of the evidence. Obes Rev 2010, 11:740-749.
• [36]Catenacci VA, Ogden LG, Stuht J, Phelan S, Wing RR, Hill JO, Wyatt HR: Physical activity patterns in the National Weight Control Registry. Obesity 2008, 16:153-161.
• [37]Jette AM, Lachman M, Giorgetti MM, Assmann SF, Harris BA, Levenson C, Wernick M, Krebs D: Exercise: it’s never too late: the Strong-for-Life Program. Am J Public Health 1999, 89:66-72.
• [38]Seguin R, Nelson ME: The benefits of strength training for older adults. Am J Prev Med 2003, 25(2):141-149.
• [39]Bain LL, Wilson T, Chaikind E: Participant perceptions of exercise programs for overweight women. Res Q Exerc Sport 1989, 60:134-143.
• [40]Vartanian LR, Shaprow JG: Effects of weight stigma on exercise motivation and behavior: a preliminary investigation among college-aged females. J Health Psychol 2008, 13:131-138.
• [41]Burke SM, Carron AV, Eys MA, Ntoumanis N, Estabrooks PA: Group versus individual approach? A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of interventions to promote physical activity. Sport Exerc Psychol Rev 2006, 2:19-35.
• [42]Eyler AE, Wilcox S, Matson-Koffman D, Evenson KR, Sanderson B, Thompson J, Wilbur J, Rohm-Young D: Correlates of physical activity among women from diverse racial/ethnic groups. J Womens Health Gend Based Med 2002, 11:239-253.