BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine | |
Ameliorating effects of aged garlic extracts against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment | |
Ho Jin Heo2  Jeong Hae Shin1  Hyeon Ju Kim2  Yu Na Jo2  Hee Rok Jeong3  Ji Hee Jeong2  | |
[1] Namhae Garlic Research Institute, Namhae South Korea;Division of Applied Life Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea;Department of Analytical research, Pacificpharma Corporation, Anseong 456-370, Republic of Korea | |
关键词: Neurotoxicity; Dimethyl disulfide; Cognitive impairment; Amyloid beta protein; Aged garlic; | |
Others : 1220892 DOI : 10.1186/1472-6882-13-268 |
|
received in 2013-06-20, accepted in 2013-10-08, 发布年份 2013 |
【 摘 要 】
Background
In vitro antioxidant activities and neuron-like PC12 cell protective effects of solvent fractions from aged garlic extracts were investigated to evaluate their anti-amnesic functions. Ethyl acetate fractions of aged garlic had higher total phenolics than other fractions.
Methods
Antioxidant activities of ethyl acetate fractions from aged garlic were examined using 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) inhibitory effect using mouse whole brain homogenates. Levels of cellular oxidative stress as reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation were measured using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA). PC12 cell viability was investigated by 3-[4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydtrogenase (LDH) assay. The learning and memory impairment in institute of cancer research (ICR) mice was induced by neurotoxic amyloid beta protein (Aβ) to investigate in vivo anti-amnesic effects of aged garlic extracts by using Y-maze and passive avoidance tests.
Results
We discovered that ethyl acetate fractions showed the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity and MDA inhibitory effect. Intracellular ROS accumulation resulting from Aβ treatment in PC12 cells was significantly reduced when ethyl acetate fractions were presented in the medium compare to PC12 cells which was only treated with Aβ only. Ethyl acetate fractions from aged garlic extracts showed protection against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Pre-administration with aged garlic extracts attenuated Aβ-induced learning and memory deficits in both in vivo tests.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that aged garlic extracts with antioxidant activities may improve cognitive impairment against Aβ-induced neuronal deficit, and possess a wide range of beneficial activities for neurodegenerative disorders, notably Alzheimer's disease (AD).
【 授权许可】
2013 Jeong et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Files | Size | Format | View |
---|---|---|---|
Figure 3. | 95KB | Image | download |
Figure 6. | 66KB | Image | download |
Figure 5. | 44KB | Image | download |
Figure 4. | 111KB | Image | download |
Figure 3. | 76KB | Image | download |
Figure 2. | 42KB | Image | download |
Figure 1. | 107KB | Image | download |
【 图 表 】
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 3.
【 参考文献 】
- [1]Fratiglioni L, Winblad B, Strauss EV: Prevention of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Major findings from the Kungsholmen project. Physiol Behav 2007, 92:98-104.
- [2]Varadarajan S, Yatin S, Aksenova M, Butterfield DA: Review: Alzheimer’s amyloid β - peptide-associated free radical oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. J Struct Biol 2000, 130:184-208.
- [3]Choi SJ, Kim MJ, Heo HJ, Kim JK, Jun WJ, Kim HK, Kim EK, Kim MO, Cho HY, Hwang HJ, Kim YJ, Shin DH: Ameliorative effect of 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid dinonyl ester against amyloid beta peptide-induced neurotoxicity. Amyloid 2009, 16:15-24.
- [4]Valencia A, Morán J: Reactive oxygen species induce different cell death mechanisms in cultured neurons. Free Radic Biol Med 2004, 36:1112-1125.
- [5]Choi HR, Choi JS, Han YN, Bae SJ, Chung HY: Peroxynitrite scavenging activity of herb extracts. Phytother Res 2002, 16:364-367.
- [6]Youdim KA, Joseph JA: A possible emerging role of phytochemicals in improving age-related neurological dysfunctions: a multiplicity of effects. Free Radic Biol Med 2001, 30:583-594.
- [7]Butt MS, Sultan MT, Butt MS, lqbal J: Garlic: nature's protection against physiological threats. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2009, 49:538-551.
- [8]Zheng L, Rujing L, Hsiang T, Huang J: Host range and phytotoxicity of Stemphylium solani, causing leaf blight of garlic (Allium sativum) in China. Eur J Plant Pathol 2009, 124:21-30.
- [9]Butt MS, Sultan MT: Levels of trans fats in diets consumed in developing economies. J AOAC Inter 2009, 92:1277-1283.
- [10]Jang EK, Seo JH, Lee SP: Physiological activity and antioxidative effects of aged black garlic (Allium sativum L.) extract. K J Food Sci Technol 2008, 40:443-448.
- [11]Kaschula CH, Hunter R, Parker MI: Garlic-derived anticancer agents: structure and biological activity of ajoene. Biofactors 2010, 36:78-85.
- [12]Ray B, Chauhan NB, Lahiri DK: Oxidative insults to neurons and synapse are prevented by aged garlic extract and S-allyl-L-cysteine treatment in the neuronal culture and APP-Tg mouse model. J Neurochem 2011, 117:388-402.
- [13]Sultana S, Ripa FA, Hamid K: Comparative antioxidant activity study of some commonly used spice in Bangladesh. Pakistan J Biol Sci 2010, 13:340-343.
- [14]Jeong CH, Choi GN, Kim JH, Kwak JH, Kim DO, Kim YJ, Heo HJ: Antioxidant activities from the aerial parts of Platycodon grandiflorum. Food Chem 2010, 118:278-282.
- [15]Jeong CH, Jeong HR, Choi GN, Kim DO, Lee UK, Heo HJ: Neuroprotective and anti-oxidant effects of caffeic acid isolated from Erigeron annuus leaf. Chin Med 2011, 6:25. BioMed Central Full Text
- [16]Kim JH, Choi GN, Kwak JH, Jeong HR, Jeong CH, Heo HJ: Neuronal cell protection and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effect of the phenolics in chestnut inner skin. Food Sci Biotechnol 2011, 20:311-318.
- [17]Heo HJ, Kim MJ, Lee JM, Choi SJ, Cho HY, Hong B, Kim HK, Kim E, Shin DH: Naringenin from Citrus junos has an inhibitory effect on acetycholinesterase and a mitigating effect on amnesia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2004, 17:151-157.
- [18]Sevanian A, Ursini F: Lipid peroxidation in membranes and low-density lipoproteins: similarities and differences. Free Radic Biol Med 2000, 29:306-311.
- [19]Siddhuraju P, Manian S: The antioxidant activity and free radical-scavenging capacity of dietary phenolic extracts from horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.) seeds. Food Chem 2007, 105:950-958.
- [20]Smith MA, Rottkamp CA, Nunomura A, Raina AK, Perry G: Oxidative stress in Alzheimer’s disease. Biochim Biophys Acta-Mol Cell Res 2000, 1502:139-144.
- [21]Walsh DM, Selkoe DJ: Aβ oligomers - a decade of discovery. J Neurochem 2007, 101:172-1184.
- [22]Oh YJ, Kim EY, Kim YH, Jin JZ, Jin BK, Jahng GH, Jung MH, Park C, Kang IS, Ha JH, Choe WC: Neuroprotective effects of overexpressed cyclophilin B against Aβ- induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Free Radical Biol Med 2011, 51:905-920.
- [23]Peña F, Ordaz B, Balleza-Tapia B, Bernal-Pedraza R, Márquez-Ramos A, Carmona-Aparicio L, Giordano M: Beta-Amyloid Protein (25-35) Disrupts Hippocampal Network Activity: Role of Fyn-Kinase. Hippocampus 2010, 20:78-96.
- [24]Lu P, Mamiya T, Lu L, Mouri A, Ikejima I, Kim HC, Zou LB, Nabeshima T: Xanthoceraside attenuates amyloid β peptide25–35-induced learning and memory impairments in mice. Psychopharmacol (Berl) 2012, 219:181-190.
- [25]Klegeris A, McGeer PL: β-amyloid protein enhances macrophage production of oxygen free radicals and glutamate. J Neurosci Res 1997, 49:229-235.
- [26]Okada Y, Tanaka K, Fujita Sato E, Okajima H: Antioxidant activity of thiosulfinates derived from garlic. Redox Rept 2005, 7:96-102.
- [27]Kim NY, Park MH, Jang EY, Lee JH: Volatile Distribution in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) by Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) with Different Processing Conditions. Food Sci Biotechnol 2011, 20:775-782.
- [28]Banerjee SK, Mukherjee PK, Maulik SK: Garlic as an antioxidant: the good, the bad and the ugly. Phytother res 2003, 17:97-106.
- [29]Ito Y, Kosuge Y, Saakikubo T, Horie K, Ishikawa N, Obokata N, Yokoyama E, Yamashina K, Yamamoto M, Saito H, Arakawa M, Ishige K: Protective effect of S-allyl-L-cysteine, a garlic compound, on amyloid b-protein-induced cell death in nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12 cells. Neurosci Res 2003, 46:119-125.
- [30]Vargas-Arispuro I, Corrales-Maldonado C, Martinez-Tellez MA: Compounds derived from garlic as bud induction agents in organic farming of table grape. Chil J Agr Res 2008, 68:94-101.