Microarray analysis of the Escherichia coli response to CdTe-GSH Quantum Dots: understanding the bacterial toxicity of semiconductor nanoparticles

BMC Genomics

José M Pérez-Donoso⁷  Desiré A Lopez³  Thomas G Chasteen³  Claudio C Vásquez⁸  Iván L Calderón¹  Paulina F Calderón¹  Denisse Bravo⁵  David E Loyola⁸  Felipe A Venegas²  Nicolás Órdenes-Aenishanslins⁶  Vicente Durán-Toro⁶  Luis A Saona⁶  Gonzalo A Pradenas²  Roberto C Molina-Quiroz⁸  Bernardo Collao⁴  Juan P Monrás² 

[1] Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile;Bionanotechnology and Microbiology Lab, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile;Department of Chemistry and Texas Research Institute for Environmental Studies, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas 77340, USA;Fraunhofer Chile Research, M. Sánchez Fontecilla 310 piso 14, Santiago, Chile;Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile;Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile;Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile;Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile

关键词: Nanoparticles;    Cadmium;    Oxidative stress;    Transcriptomic response;    Toxicity mechanism;   

Others  :  1127354
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2164-15-1099

 received in 2014-07-17, accepted in 2014-11-26,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Most semiconductor nanoparticles used in biomedical applications are made of heavy metals and involve synthetic methods that require organic solvents and high temperatures. This issue makes the development of water-soluble nanoparticles with lower toxicity a major topic of interest. In a previous work our group described a biomimetic method for the aqueous synthesis of CdTe-GSH Quantum Dots (QDs) using biomolecules present in cells as reducing and stabilizing agents. This protocol produces nanoparticles with good fluorescent properties and less toxicity than those synthesized by regular chemical methods. Nevertheless, biomimetic CdTe-GSH nanoparticles still display some toxicity, so it is important to know in detail the effects of these semiconductor nanoparticles on cells, their levels of toxicity and the strategies that cells develop to overcome it.

Results

In this work, the response of E. coli exposed to different sized-CdTe-GSH QDs synthesized by a biomimetic protocol was evaluated through transcriptomic, biochemical, microbiological and genetic approaches. It was determined that: i) red QDs (5 nm) display higher toxicity than green (3 nm), ii) QDs mainly induce expression of genes involved with Cd⁺² stress (zntA and znuA) and tellurium does not contribute significantly to QDs-mediated toxicity since cells incorporate low levels of Te, iii) red QDs also induce genes related to oxidative stress response and membrane proteins, iv) Cd²⁺ release is higher in red QDs, and v) QDs render the cells more sensitive to polymyxin B.

Conclusion

Based on the results obtained in this work, a general model of CdTe-GSH QDs toxicity in E. coli is proposed. Results indicate that bacterial toxicity of QDs is mainly associated with cadmium release, oxidative stress and loss of membrane integrity. The higher toxicity of red QDs is most probably due to higher cadmium content and release from the nanoparticle as compared to green QDs. Moreover, QDs-treated cells become more sensitive to polymyxin B making these biomimetic QDs candidates for adjuvant therapies against bacterial infections.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Monrás et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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