Iodine nutritional status and risk factors for goitre among schoolchildren in South Tajikistan

BMC Endocrine Disorders

Kaspar Wyss²  Michael B Zimmermann¹  Vreni Jean-Richard³  Gulzira Karimova⁴  Mohbegim Davlatmamadova⁵  Barbara Matthys² 

[1] Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Laboratory for Human Nutrition, ICCIDD Global Network, Schmelzbergstr. 7, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland;University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003, Basel, Switzerland;Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, P.O. Box, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland;Project Sino, House No 32, Akademika Adhamova, 734024 Dushanbe, Tajikistan;Republican Clinical Endocrinology Centre, 734013 House No.7, 2nd drive, str. Zehni T, Dushanbe, Tajikistan

关键词: Tajikistan;    Schoolchildren;    Salt iodization;    Thyroglobulin concentration;    Urinary iodine concentration;    Risk factors for goitre;    Goitre;    Iodine status;   

Others  :  1085532
DOI  :  10.1186/1472-6823-13-50

 received in 2013-05-27, accepted in 2013-10-28,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

Iodine deficiency affects nearly 1.9 billion people worldwide, but it can be prevented by salt iodization. This cross-sectional survey assessed current iodine status, iodized salt coverage and risk factors for goitre among schoolchildren in South Tajikistan.

Methods

Ten primary schools in four districts in South Tajikistan were randomly selected. In schoolchildren aged 7 to 11 years, a spot urine sample was collected for measurement of urinary iodine, dried blood spots were collected for measurement of thyroglobulin, and goitre was assessed by palpation. Iodine content of salt samples and local selling points was determined by coloration using rapid test kits and titration method.

Results

Of 623 schoolchildren enrolled, complete data was obtained from 589. The overall median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 51.2 μg/L indicating mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency. Among all children, 46.6% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 42.4%-50.6%) of children were found to be goitrous (grade 1 goitre: 30.6%, 95% CI = 26.9%-34.5%; grade 2 goitre: 16.0%, 95% CI = 13.1%-19.2%). The risk factor for goitre remaining significant in the multivariable logistic regression model was 'buying salt once a month’ (OR = 2.89, 95% CI = 1.01-8.22) and 'buying salt once every six months’ (OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.01-5.04) compared to 'buying salt every one or two weeks’. The overall median thyroglobulin concentration was elevated at 13.9 μg/L. Of the salt samples from households and selling points, one third were adequately iodised, one third insufficiently and one third were not iodised.

Conclusion

Iodine deficiency remains a serious health issue among children in southern Tajikistan. There is a persisting high prevalence of goitre, elevated thyroglobulin and low UIC despite interventions implemented by Tajikistan and international partners. Quality control of salt iodine content needs to be improved. Continued efforts to raise awareness of the health effects of iodine deficiency are needed to increase consumer demand for iodised salt.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Matthys et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

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