Factors affecting immunogenicity of BCG in infants, a study in Malawi, The Gambia and the UK

BMC Infectious Diseases

Hazel M Dockrell⁸  Steven G Smith⁸  Amelia C Crampin⁷  Martin O Ota⁶  Sarah Burl³  Katie L Flanagan⁴  Joseph R Fitchett⁸  Anne Ben-Smith⁵  John Raynes⁸  Sian Floyd⁷  Hazzie Mvula⁵  Maeve K Lalor¹  Patricia Gorak-Stolinska⁸  Yun-Gyoung Hur² 

[1] Current address: Public Health England, London, UK;Current address: Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea;Current address: Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK;Current address: Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia;Karonga Prevention Study, PO Box 46, Chilumba, Karonga District, Malawi;Medical Research Council Unit, PO Box 273, Fajara, The Gambia;Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK;Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London WC1E 7HT, UK

关键词: Zinc;    M. tuberculosis PPD;    Infant immune response;    Cytokine;    CRP;    BCG vaccination;   

Others  :  1134181
DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2334-14-184

 received in 2013-12-06, accepted in 2014-03-31,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

BCG immunogenicity in infants differs between populations and these differences have been attributed to various factors. In this study, the influence of geographical location, season of birth, timing of vaccination, micronutrient status (zinc) and inflammatory status (C-reactive protein, CRP) were assessed.

Methods

Immunogenicity was assessed by cytokine signature in culture supernatants from diluted whole blood samples stimulated with M. tuberculosis PPD, using a multiplex bead assay. Results were correlated with the plasma zinc and CRP concentrations at the time of sampling, and with interview and household data. BCG vaccinated infants were recruited in Malawi, The Gambia and the UK.

Results

In Malawi, infants vaccinated within the first week after birth showed lower production of most cytokines measured than those vaccinated later. The number of cytokines showing significant differences between Malawian and Gambian infants decreased after adjusting for season of birth. In Malawi, a proportion of infants had zinc deficiency and elevated plasma CRP (>10 mg/L), but neither zinc deficiency nor high CRP was associated with production of any of the cytokines measured.

Conclusions

The cytokine/chemokine signatures observed in response to M. tuberculosis PPD in infants at 3 months post BCG vaccination were affected by geographical location, season of birth, and timing of vaccination but not associated with the concentration of plasma zinc or inflammatory status. These factors should be considered in future trials of new TB vaccines.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Hur et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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