Tracking dynamics of plant biomass composting by changes in substrate structure, microbial community, and enzyme activity

Biotechnology for Biofuels

Hui Wei¹  Melvin P Tucker²  John O Baker¹  Michelle Harris¹  Yonghua Luo¹  Qi Xu¹  Michael E Himmel¹  Shi-You Ding¹ 

[1] Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA

[2] National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA

关键词: Biofuels;    Solid-state fermentation;    Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP);    Ligninase;    Hemicellulose;    Cellulase;    Enzymatic activity;    Gene expression;    Microbial rDNA abundance;    Microbial community;    Yellow poplar;    Plant biomass;    Compost;   

Others  :  798331
DOI  :  10.1186/1754-6834-5-20

 received in 2012-01-12, accepted in 2012-04-10,  发布年份 2012

【 摘 要 】

Background

Understanding the dynamics of the microbial communities that, along with their secreted enzymes, are involved in the natural process of biomass composting may hold the key to breaking the major bottleneck in biomass-to-biofuels conversion technology, which is the still-costly deconstruction of polymeric biomass carbohydrates to fermentable sugars.

However, the complexity of both the structure of plant biomass and its counterpart microbial degradation communities makes it difficult to investigate the composting process.

Results

In this study, a composter was set up with a mix of yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) wood-chips and mown lawn grass clippings (85:15 in dry-weight) and used as a model system. The microbial rDNA abundance data obtained from analyzing weekly-withdrawn composted samples suggested population-shifts from bacteria-dominated to fungus-dominated communities. Further analyses by an array of optical microscopic, transcriptional and enzyme-activity techniques yielded correlated results, suggesting that such population shifts occurred along with early removal of hemicellulose followed by attack on the consequently uncovered cellulose as the composting progressed.

Conclusion

The observed shifts in dominance by representative microbial groups, along with the observed different patterns in the gene expression and enzymatic activities between cellulases, hemicellulases, and ligninases during the composting process, provide new perspectives for biomass-derived biotechnology such as consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) and solid-state fermentation for the production of cellulolytic enzymes and biofuels.

【 授权许可】

   
2012 Wei et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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