Combining phospholipases and a liquid lipase for one-step biodiesel production using crude oils

Biotechnology for Biofuels

Silvia Cesarini²  Rune Falkenberg Haller³  Pilar Diaz¹  Per Munk Nielsen² 

[1] Department of Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Avenida Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain

[2] Department of Bioenergy Opportunities, Novozymes A/S, Krogshoejvej 36, Bagsvaerd 2880, Denmark

[3] Department of Analytical Development, Novozymes A/S, Hallas Alle 1, Kalundborg 4400, Denmark

关键词: Phospholipases;    Crude oils;    Liquid lipase;    Enzymatic biodiesel;   

Others  :  793459
DOI  :  10.1186/1754-6834-7-29

 received in 2013-10-23, accepted in 2014-02-10,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Enzymatic biodiesel is becoming an increasingly popular topic in bioenergy literature because of its potential to overcome the problems posed by chemical processes. However, the high cost of the enzymatic process still remains the main drawback for its industrial application, mostly because of the high price of refined oils. Unfortunately, low cost substrates, such as crude soybean oil, often release a product that hardly accomplishes the final required biodiesel specifications and need an additional pretreatment for gums removal. In order to reduce costs and to make the enzymatic process more efficient, we developed an innovative system for enzymatic biodiesel production involving a combination of a lipase and two phospholipases. This allows performing the enzymatic degumming and transesterification in a single step, using crude soybean oil as feedstock, and converting part of the phospholipids into biodiesel. Since the two processes have never been studied together, an accurate analysis of the different reaction components and conditions was carried out.

Results

Crude soybean oil, used as low cost feedstock, is characterized by a high content of phospholipids (900 ppm of phosphorus). However, after the combined activity of different phospholipases and liquid lipase Callera Trans L, a complete transformation into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs >95%) and a good reduction of phosphorus (P <5 ppm) was achieved. The combination of enzymes allowed avoidance of the acid treatment required for gums removal, the consequent caustic neutralization, and the high temperature commonly used in degumming systems, making the overall process more eco-friendly and with higher yield. Once the conditions were established, the process was also tested with different vegetable oils with variable phosphorus contents.

Conclusions

Use of liquid lipase Callera Trans L in biodiesel production can provide numerous and sustainable benefits. Besides reducing the costs derived from enzyme immobilization, the lipase can be used in combination with other enzymes such as phospholipases for gums removal, thus allowing the use of much cheaper, non-refined oils. The possibility to perform degumming and transesterification in a single tank involves a great efficiency increase in the new era of enzymatic biodiesel production at industrial scale.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Cesarini et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

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