The distribution and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna in Pondicherry mangroves, India

Aquatic Biosystems

Palanisamy Satheesh Kumar¹  Anisa Basheer Khan² 

[1] Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98166, Italy

[2] Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India

关键词: Seasonal variation;    Benthic macroinvertebrate fauna;    Mangroves;    Diversity;    Density;   

Others  :  794087
DOI  :  10.1186/2046-9063-9-15

 received in 2012-05-08, accepted in 2013-08-07,  发布年份 2013

【 摘 要 】

Background

Species distribution, abundance and diversity of mangrove benthic macroinvertebrate fauna and the relationships to environmental conditions are important parts of understanding the structure and function of mangrove ecosystems. In this study seasonal variation in the distribution of macrobenthos and related environmental parameters were explored at four mangrove stations along the Pondicherry coast of India, from September 2008 to July 2010. Multivariate statistical analyses, including cluster analysis, principal component analysis and non-multidimensional scales plot were employed to help define trophic status, water quality and benthic characteristic at the four monitoring stations.

Results

Among the 528 samples collected over 168 ha of mangrove forest 76 species of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna were identified. Macrofauna were mainly composed of deposit feeders, dominated numerically by molluscs and crustaceans. Statistical analyses yielded the following descriptors of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna species distribution: densities between 140–1113 ind. m^-2, dominance 0.17-0.50, diversity 1.80-2.83 bits ind^-1, richness 0.47-0.74 and evenness 0.45-0.72, equitability 0.38-0.77, berger parker 0.31-0.77 and fisher alpha 2.46-5.70. Increases of species diversity and abundance were recorded during the post monsoon season at station 1 and the lowest diversity was recorded at station 2 during the monsoon season. The pollution indicator organisms Cassidula nucleus, Melampus ceylonicus, Sphaerassiminea minuta were found only at the two most polluted regions, i.e. stations 3 and 4. Benthic macroinvertebrate fauna abundances were inversely related to salinity at the four stations, Based on Bray-Curtis similarity through hierarchical clustering implemented in PAST, it was possible to define three distinct benthic assemblages at the stations.

Conclusions

From a different multivariate statistical analysis of the different environmental parameters regarding species diversity and abundance of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna, it was found that benthic communities are highly affected by all the environmental parameters governing the distribution and diversity variation of the macrofaunal community in Pondicherry mangroves. Salinity, dissolved oxygen levels, organic matter content, sulphide concentration were the most significant parameters.

【 授权许可】

   
2013 Kumar and Khan; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

Figure 8.

Figure 9.

Figure 10.

Figure 11.

Figure 12.

Figure 13.

Figure 14.

Figure 15.

Figure 16.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Alongi DM, Christoffersen P: Benthic infauna and organism-sediment relations in a shallow, tropical coastal area: influence of out welled mangrove detritus and physical disturbance. Mar Eco Prog Ser 1992, 81:229-245.
• [2]Untawale AG, Parulekar AH: Some observation on the ecology of an estuarine mangrove of Goa. Mahasagar- Bull Nat Inst Oceano 1976, 9(1–2):57-62.
• [3]Raut D, Ganesh T, Murty NVSS, Raman AV: Macrobenthos of Kakinada Bay in the Godavari delta, East coast of India: comparing decadal changes. Estuar Coastal Shelf Sci 2005, 62:609-620.
• [4]Jahan MS, Mannan M, Mandal KN: Intertidal molluscs of Sunderbans, Bangaladesh. Enviro Ecol 1990, 8(2):603-607.
• [5]Kathiresan K: A review of studies on Pichavaram mangrove, southeast India. Hydrobiol 2000, 430:185-205.
• [6]Sunil Kumar R: A review of biodiversity studies of soil dwelling organisms in Indian mangroves. Zoos Print 2000, 15(13):221-227.
• [7]Khan SA, Raffi SM, Lyla PS: Brachyuran crab diversity in natural Pitchavaram and artificially developed mangroves Vellar estuary. Cur Sci 2005, 88:1316-1324.
• [8]Saravanakumar A, Sesh Serebiah J, Thivakaran GA, Rajkumar M: Benthic macrofaunal assemblage in the arid zone mangroves of gulf of Kachchh- Gujarat. J Ocean Uni of China 2007, 6:303-309.
• [9]Saravanan KR, Ilangovan K, Khan AB: Floristic and macro faunal diversity of Pondicherry mangroves, South India. Tro Eco 2008, 49(1):91-94.
• [10]Samidurai K, Saravanakumar A, Kathiresan K: Spatial and temporal distribution of macrobenthos in different mangrove ecosystems of Tamil Nadu Coast, India. Enviro Moni Asses 2012, 184(7):4079-4096.
• [11]Pearson TH, Rosenberg R: Macro benthic succession in relation to organic enrichment and pollution of the marine environment. Ocean Mar Biol An ann Review 1978, 16:229-311.
• [12]Gray JS: Animal-sediment relationships. Oceano and Mar Biol Ann Review 1974, 12:223-262.
• [13]Buchanan JB: Sediment analysis. In Methods for the Study of Marine Benthos. Edited by Holme NA, McIntyre AD. Oxford and Edinburgh: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1984:41-645.
• [14]Dauer DM, Alden RW: Long-term trends in the macrobenthos and water quality of the lower Chesapeake Bay (1985–1991). Mar Poll Bull 1995, 30(12):840-850.
• [15]Hall LW, Scott MC, Killen WD, Unger MA: A probabilistic ecological risk assessment of tributyltin in surface waters of the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Human and Ecol Risk asse 2000, 6(1):141-179.
• [16]Jayaraj KA, Jayalakshmi KV, Saraladevi K: Influence of environmental properties on macrobenthos in the northwest Indian shelf. Enviro Moni Asses 2007, 127:459-475.
• [17]Swami BS, Suryawanshi UG, Karande A: Water quality of Mumbai harbor – an update. Indian J Mar Sci 2000, 29:111-115.
• [18]Sunil Kumar R: Distribution of organic carbon in the sediments of Cochin mangroves, south west coast of India. Indian J Mar Sci 1996, 25:56-61.
• [19]Satheeshkumar P: Mangrove vegetation and community structure of brachyuran crabs as ecological indicators of Pondicherry coast, South east coast of India. Iran J Fish Sci 2012, 11(1):184-203.
• [20]Eleftheriou A, Holme NA: Macrofauna techniques. In Methods for the Study of Marine Benthos, IBP Handbook 16. Edited by Holme NA, McIntyre AD. Oxford UK: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1984:140-216.
• [21]Strickland JDH, Parsons TR: A Practical hand book of seawater analysis. Canada: Bull Fish Res Board; 1972:1-117.
• [22]Krumbein WC, Pettijohn FJ: Manual of sedimentary petrography. New York: Appleton Century Crafts Inc; 1983:1-549.
• [23]El Wakeel SK, Riley JP: The determinations of organic carbon in marine muds. Conseil Permanent Inter pour Expl de Mer J 1957, 22:180-183.
• [24]Day JH: A monograph on the polychaeta of Southern Africa, Part I (Errantia) & II (Sedentaria). London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History); 1967.
• [25]Williams AB: Shrimps, Lobsters and crabs of the Atlantic Coast Eastern United Stated, Main Florida. Washington: Smith- Sonian Institution Press; 1984:1-550.
• [26]Khan SA, Sethuramalingam: Brachyuran crabs of Parangipettai coast. India: Annamalai University; 1991:1-93.
• [27]Ng PKL, Guinot D, Davie PJF: Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bull Zoo 2008, 17:1-286.
• [28]Lyla PS, Velvizhi , Khan SA: Brackishwater Amphipods of Parangipettai coast. India: Annamalai University; 1998:1-80.
• [29]Fernando A, Olivia JFS: A field guide to the common invertebrates of the east coast of India. India: Annamalai University; 2002:1-258.
• [30]Margalef R: Perspectives in ecological theory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1968:1-80.
• [31]Shannon CE, Weaver W: The mathematical Theory of communication. Urbana: University of Illinois Press; 1949:1-117.
• [32]Gleason HA: On the relation between species and area. Ecology 1992, 3:156-162.
• [33]Pielou EC: The measurement of diversity in different types of biological collection. Theor Biol 1996, 13:131-144.
• [34]Johnson RA, Wichern DW: Applied multivariate statistical analysis. New York: Prentice Hall; 1998:1-816.
• [35]Satheeshkumar P, Khan AB: Identification of mangrove water quality by multivariate statistical analysis methods in Pondicherry coast, India. Enviro Moni and Asses 2012, 184(6):3761-3774.
• [36]Quadir A, Malik RN, Husain SZ: Spatio-temporal variations in water quality of Nullah Aik–tributary of the river Chenab, Pakistan. Enviro Moni and Asses 2007, 140:1-3.
• [37]Iscen CF, Emiroglu O, Ilhan S, Arslan N, Yilmaz V, Ahiska S: Application of multivariate statistical techniques in the assessment of surface water quality in Uluabat Lake, Turkey. Enviro Moni and Asses 2008, 144:269-276.
• [38]Wang YS, Lou ZP, Sun CC, Wu ML, Han SH: Multivariate statistical analysis of water quality and phytoplankton characteristics in Daya Bay, China, from 1999 to 2002. Oceanologia 2006, 48:193-211.
• [39]Yung YK, Wong CK, Yau K, Qian PY: Long-term changes in water quality and phytoplankton characteristics in port shelter, Hong Kong, from 1988–1998. Mar Poll Bull 2001, 42(10):981-992.
• [40]Jackson DA: Multivariate analysis of benthic invertebrate communities: the implication of choosing particular data standardizations, measures of association, and ordination methods. Hydrobiologia 1993, 268(1):9-26.
• [41]Malherbe W, Wepener V, van Vuren JHJ: Anthropogenic spatial and temporal changes in the aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages of the lower Mvoti River, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Afr J Aqu Sci 2010, 35(1):13-20.
• [42]Wang YS, Sun CC, Lou ZP, Wang H, Mitchell BG, Wu ML, Sun ZX: Identification of water quality, benthos characteristics in Daya Bay, China, from 2001 to 2004. Oceanol Hydrobiol Stud 2011, 40(1):82-95.
• [43]Lattin J, Carroll D, Green P: Analyzing multivariate data. New York, USA: Duxbury press; 2003:1-580.
• [44]Singh KP, Malik A, Mohan D, Sinha S: Multivariate statistical techniques for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variations in water quality of Gomti River (India)-a case study. Water Res 2004, 38:3980-3992.
• [45]Ananthan G, Sampathkumar A, Soundarapandian P, Kannan L: Observation on environmental characteristics of Ariyankuppam estuary and Veerampattinam coast of Pondicherry, India. Aqua Biol 2005, 19:67-72.
• [46]Gibson RN: Recent studies on the biology of intertidal fishes. Ocean Mar Biol An Review 1982, 20:363-414.
• [47]Vijayalakshmi RN, Govindan K, Ramaiah N, Gajabhiye SN: Fishery potential of the Gulf of Kachch. J Indian Fish Asse 1993, 23:91-103.
• [48]Ashok Prabu V, Rajkumar M, Perumal P: Seasonal variations in physico-chemical parameters in Uppanar estuary, Cuddalore Southeast coast of India. J Mar Biol Asso of India 2008, 50:161-165.
• [49]Vijayakumar S, Rajan KM, Miridula RM, Hariharan V: Seasonal distribution and behavior of nutrients with reference to tidal rhythm in the milky estuary, southwest coast of India. J Mar Biol Asso India 2000, 42(1–2):21-24.
• [50]Gopakumar G, Kuttyamma VJ: Effect of hydrogen sulphide on Benthic fauna of a tropical estuary. Fishery Tech 1999, 36:43-47.
• [51]Kumar RS: Intertidal zonation and seasonality of benthos in a tropical mangrove. Inter J Ecol Envir Sci 2001, 27:199-208.
• [52]Parulekar AH, Waugh AB: Quantitative studies on the benthic macrofauna of northeastern Arabian Sea shelf. Indian J Mar Sci 1975, 4:174-176.
• [53]Parulekar AH, Ansari ZA: Benthic macro fauna of Andaman Sea. Indian J Mar Sci 1981, 10(3):280-287.
• [54]Schrijvers J, Fermon H, Vincx M: Resource competition between macrobenthic epifauna and infauna in a Kenyan Avicennia marina mangrove forest. Mar Eco Prog Ser 1996, 136:123-135.
• [55]Sunil Kumar R, Antony A: Impact of environmental parameters on polychaetous annelids in the mangrove swamps of Cochin, South West coast of India. Indian J Mar Sci 1994, 23:137-142.
• [56]Franz DR, Tanacredi JT: Secondary production of the Amphipoda, Ampelisca abidita mills and its impact in the diet of juvenile winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus). In Jamaica Bay. Estuaries 1999, 15:193-203.
• [57]Subramanian PMJ, Prince Jayaseelan J, Krishnamurthy K: The nature of biodegradation of vegetation in mangrove ecosystem. Chem Eco 1984, 2:47-68.
• [58]Long B, Lewis JB: Distribution and community structure of the benthic fauna of the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence described by numerical methods of classification and ordination. Mar Biol 1987, 95:93-101.
• [59]Sandilyan S, Thiyagesan K, Nagarajan R, Venkatesan J: Salinity raises in Indian mangroves a looming danger for coastal biodiversity. Cur Sci 2010, 98(6):754-756.
• [60]Snelgrove PVR: The biodiversity of macrofaunal organisms in marine sediments. Biodiv Cons 1998, 7:1123-1132.
• [61]Odum EP: Fundamentals of Ecology. London: WB Saunders; 1971:1-540.
• [62]Kumar RS: Macro benthos in the mangrove ecosystem of Cochin backwaters Kerala (Southwest coast of India). Indian J Mar Sci 1995, 24:56-61.
• [63]Wilhm JL, Dorris TC: Species diversity of benthic macro invertebrates in a stream receiving domestic and oil refinery effluents. Ame Mid Naturt 1966, 76:427-449.
• [64]Ingole BS, Sautya S, Sivadas S, Sing R, Nanjakar M: Macrofaunal community structure in the western Indian continental margin including the oxygen minimum zone. Mar Eco 2010, 31:148-166.