Effect of 12 weeks of yoga training on the somatization, psychological symptoms, and stress-related biomarkers of healthy women

BioPsychoSocial Medicine

Kazufumi Yoshihara¹  Tetsuya Hiramoto²  Takakazu Oka²  Chiharu Kubo²  Nobuyuki Sudo² 

[1] Division of Cerebral Integration, Department of Cerebral Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Myodaiji-Nishigonaka, Okazaki 444-8585, Aichi, Japan

[2] Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku 812-8582, Fukuoka, Japan

关键词: Fatigue;    Hostility;    Anger;    Depression;    Anxiety;    Biomarker;    Stress;    Psychological symptom;    Somatization;    Yoga;   

Others  :  1082337
DOI  :  10.1186/1751-0759-8-1

 received in 2013-02-07, accepted in 2013-12-24,  发布年份 2014

【 摘 要 】

Background

Previous studies have shown that the practice of yoga reduces perceived stress and negative feelings and that it improves psychological symptoms. Our previous study also suggested that long-term yoga training improves stress-related psychological symptoms such as anxiety and anger. However, little is known about the beneficial effects of yoga practice on somatization, the most common stress-related physical symptoms, and stress-related biomarkers. We performed a prospective, single arm study to examine the beneficial effects of 12 weeks of yoga training on somatization, psychological symptoms, and stress-related biomarkers.

Methods

We recruited healthy women who had no experience with yoga. The data of 24 participants who were followed during 12 weeks of yoga training were analyzed. Somatization and psychological symptoms were assessed before and after 12 weeks of yoga training using the Profile of Mood State (POMS) and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) questionnaires. Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), biopyrrin, and cortisol levels were measured as stress-related biomarkers. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the stress-related biomarkers and the scores of questionnaires before and after 12 weeks of yoga training.

Results

After 12 weeks of yoga training, all negative subscale scores (tension-anxiety, depression, anger-hostility, fatigue, and confusion) from the POMS and somatization, anxiety, depression, and hostility from the SCL-90-R were significantly decreased compared with those before starting yoga training. Contrary to our expectation, the urinary 8-OHdG concentration after 12 weeks of yoga training showed a significant increase compared with that before starting yoga training. No significant changes were observed in the levels of urinary biopyrrin and cortisol after the 12 weeks of yoga training.

Conclusions

Yoga training has the potential to reduce the somatization score and the scores related to mental health indicators, such as anxiety, depression, anger, and fatigue. The present findings suggest that yoga can improve somatization and mental health status and has implications for the prevention of psychosomatic symptoms in healthy women.

Trial registration

University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN CTR) UMIN000007868.

【 授权许可】

   
2014 Yoshihara et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

【 图 表 】

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

【 参考文献 】

• [1]Granath J, Ingvarsson S, von Thiele U, Lundberg U: Stress management: a randomized study of cognitive behavioural therapy and yoga. Cogn Behav Ther 2006, 35:3-10.
• [2]Kirkwood G, Rampes H, Tuffrey V, Richardson J, Pilkington K: Yoga for anxiety: a systematic review of the research evidence. Br J Sports Med 2005, 39:884-891. discussion 891
• [3]Smith C, Hancock H, Blake-Mortimer J, Eckert K: A randomised comparative trial of yoga and relaxation to reduce stress and anxiety. Complement Ther Med 2007, 15:77-83.
• [4]Michalsen A, Grossman P, Acil A, Langhorst J, Ludtke R, Esch T, Stefano GB, Dobos GJ: Rapid stress reduction and anxiolysis among distressed women as a consequence of a three-month intensive yoga program. Med Sci Monit 2005, 11:CR555-CR561.
• [5]Lavey R, Sherman T, Mueser KT, Osborne DD, Currier M, Wolfe R: The effects of yoga on mood in psychiatric inpatients. Psychiatr Rehabil J 2005, 28:399-402.
• [6]Yoshihara K, Hiramoto T, Sudo N, Kubo C: Profile of mood states and stress-related biochemical indices in long-term yoga practitioners. Biopsychosoc Med 2011, 5:6. BioMed Central Full Text
• [7]Lipowski ZJ: Somatization: the concept and its clinical application. Am J Psychiatry 1988, 145:1358-1368.
• [8]Barsky AJ, Orav EJ, Bates DW: Somatization increases medical utilization and costs independent of psychiatric and medical comorbidity. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005, 62:903-910.
• [9]Rosenzweig S, Greeson JM, Reibel DK, Green JS, Jasser SA, Beasley D: Mindfulness-based stress reduction for chronic pain conditions: variation in treatment outcomes and role of home meditation practice. J Psychosom Res 2010, 68:29-36.
• [10]Franco C, Manas I, Cangas AJ, Moreno E, Gallego J: Reducing teachers’ psychological distress through a mindfulness training program. Span J Psychol 2010, 13:655-666.
• [11]Telles S, Singh N, Yadav A, Balkrishna A: Effect of yoga on different aspects of mental health. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2012, 56:245-254.
• [12]Inoue A, Kawakami N, Ishizaki M, Tabata M, Tsuchiya M, Akiyama M, Kitazume A, Kuroda M, Shimazu A: Three job stress models/concepts and oxidative DNA damage in a sample of workers in Japan. J Psychosom Res 2009, 66:329-334.
• [13]Yasukawa R, Miyaoka T, Yasuda H, Hayashida M, Inagaki T, Horiguch J: Increased urinary excretion of biopyrrins, oxidative metabolites of bilirubin, in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2007, 153:203-207.
• [14]Yamaguchi T, Shioji I, Sugimoto A, Yamaoka M: Psychological stress increases bilirubin metabolites in human urine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002, 293:517-520.
• [15]Shigenaga MK, Gimeno CJ, Ames BN: Urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine as a biological marker of in vivo oxidative DNA damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989, 86:9697-9701.
• [16]Miyaoka T, Yasukawa R, Yasuda H, Shimizu M, Mizuno S, Sukegawa T, Inagaki T, Horiguchi J: Urinary excretion of biopyrrins, oxidative metabolites of bilirubin, increases in patients with psychiatric disorders. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2005, 15:249-252.
• [17]Ross A, Friedmann E, Bevans M, Thomas S: National survey of yoga practitioners: mental and physical health benefits. Complement Ther Med 2013, 21:313-323.
• [18]Subramanya P, Telles S: A review of the scientific studies on cyclic meditation. Int J Yoga 2009, 2:46-48.
• [19]Yokoyama K, Araki S, Kawakami N, Tkakeshita T: [Production of the Japanese edition of profile of mood states (POMS): assessment of reliability and validity]. Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi 1990, 37:913-918.
• [20]Tomioka M, Shimura M, Hidaka M, Kubo C: The reliability and validity of a Japanese version of symptom checklist 90 revised. Biopsychosoc Med 2008, 2:19. BioMed Central Full Text
• [21]Manocha R, Marks GB, Kenchington P, Peters D, Salome CM: Sahaja yoga in the management of moderate to severe asthma: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax 2002, 57:110-115.
• [22]Sareen S, Kumari V, Gajebasia KS, Gajebasia NK: Yoga: a tool for improving the quality of life in chronic pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2007, 13:391-397.
• [23]John PJ, Sharma N, Sharma CM, Kankane A: Effectiveness of yoga therapy in the treatment of migraine without aura: a randomized controlled trial. Headache 2007, 47:654-661.
• [24]Raghavendra RM, Nagarathna R, Nagendra HR, Gopinath KS, Srinath BS, Ravi BD, Patil S S, Ramesh BS, Nalini R: Effects of an integrated yoga programme on chemotherapy-induced nausea and emesis in breast cancer patients. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2007, 16:462-474.
• [25]Tilbrook HE, Cox H, Hewitt CE, Kang’ombe AR, Chuang LH, Jayakody S, Aplin JD, Semlyen A, Trewhela A, Watt I, et al.: Yoga for chronic low back pain: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2011, 155:569-578.
• [26]Sherman KJ, Cherkin DC, Erro J, Miglioretti DL, Deyo RA: Comparing yoga, exercise, and a self-care book for chronic low back pain: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2005, 143:849-856.
• [27]Waelde LC, Thompson L, Gallagher-Thompson D: A pilot study of a yoga and meditation intervention for dementia caregiver stress. J Clin Psychol 2004, 60:677-687.
• [28]Telles S, Singh N, Joshi M, Balkrishna A: Post traumatic stress symptoms and heart rate variability in Bihar flood survivors following yoga: a randomized controlled study. BMC Psychiatry 2010, 10:18. BioMed Central Full Text
• [29]Shapiro D, Cook IA, Davydov DM, Ottaviani C, Leuchter AF, Abrams M: Yoga as a complementary treatment of depression: effects of traits and moods on treatment outcome. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2007, 4:493-502.
• [30]Pilkington K, Kirkwood G, Rampes H, Richardson J: Yoga for depression: the research evidence. J Affect Disord 2005, 89:13-24.
• [31]Woolery A, Myers H, Sternlieb B, Zeltzer L: A yoga intervention for young adults with elevated symptoms of depression. Altern Ther Health Med 2004, 10:60-63.
• [32]Koh KB, Kim DK, Kim SY, Park JK, Han M: The relation between anger management style, mood and somatic symptoms in anxiety disorders and somatoform disorders. Psychiatry Res 2008, 160:372-379.
• [33]Ishihara I, Nakano M, Ikushima M, Hara Y, Yoshimine T, Haraga M, Nakatani J, Kawamoto R, Kasai H: Effect of Work Conditions and Work Environments on the Formation of 8-OH-dG in Nurses and Non-Nurse Female Workers. J Univ Occup Environ Health 2008, 30:293-308.
• [34]Greaves-Lord K, Ferdinand RF, Oldehinkel AJ, Sondeijker FE, Ormel J, Verhulst FC: Higher cortisol awakening response in young adolescents with persistent anxiety problems. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2007, 116:137-144.
• [35]Mannie ZN, Harmer CJ, Cowen PJ: Increased waking salivary cortisol levels in young people at familial risk of depression. Am J Psychiatry 2007, 164:617-621.
• [36]Jacobs N, Myin-Germeys I, Derom C, Delespaul P, van Os J, Nicolson NA: A momentary assessment study of the relationship between affective and adrenocortical stress responses in daily life. Biol Psychol 2007, 74:60-66.
• [37]Cooper R, Joffe BI, Lamprey JM, Botha A, Shires R, Baker SG, Seftel HC: Hormonal and Biochemical Responses to Transcendental Meditation. Postgrad Med J 1985, 61:301-304.