Construction strengthening in historical wooden cupolas restoration

21st International Scientific Conference on Advanced in Civil Engineering "Construction - The Formation of Living Environment"

土木建筑工程

Yuzhakov, Yury^1 ; Belkin, Alexander^1

Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Yaroslavskoye Shosse, 26, Moscow

129337, Russia^1

关键词: Constructive solutions;    Cultural heritages;    Elements of the structures;    General description;    Operating condition;    Restoration design;    Restoration measures;    Technological researches;   

Others  :  https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/365/5/052017/pdf
DOI  :  10.1088/1757-899X/365/5/052017

学科分类：土木及结构工程学

来源: IOP

【 摘 要 】

There are many architectural monuments with wooden cupolas, included in cultural heritage of our country. Cupolas in Russian architecture appeared with the adoption of Christianity as an indispensable element of the Byzantine, and now Russian, church. In recent years, Central Scientific-Restoration Design Workshops of the Ministry of Culture have carried out natural research and restoration of wooden cupolas of more than thirty architectural monuments of the late XVIII - early XX centuries located in Moscow and central regions of Russia. Cupolas made of wooden elements present a spatial framework with a round or polygonal plan and a different pattern forming the shape of the profile. The paper gives a general description of the types of constructive solutions and their elements. Wood is the most vulnerable material of structures, with poor quality and unsatisfactory operating conditions, is prone to lesions in the form of house fungi and woodworm beetles, leading to the destruction of the material with a weakening of the working sections. Moreover, rotting and burning do lead to the destruction of the structure. Therefore, when restoring, it is necessary to carry out a complex of measures to restore the original form of the cupola and the original elements of the structures. As an example, four objects of cultural heritage are examined from the experience of Central Scientific-Restoration Design Workshops. This is the main house of the Ostankino manor in Moscow (1792-98, the architects A.Mironov and P.Argunov), the Petrovsky Travel Palace in Moscow (1775-96, the architect M.Kazakov), the building of the Guardian Council in Moscow (1823- 26th, architects D. Zhilyardi and A. Grigoriev, was rebuilt in 1846-49 by architect M. Bykovsky), the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord in the village of Snoved in the Nizhny Novgorod Region (1800, unknown). The characteristics are given for each of them: the original design of the cupola; its current state, based on engineering and chemical and technological research; adopted and implemented restoration measures aimed at restoring the shape and reinforcement of structures. In conclusion, on the basis of the generalizations made, methods for the restoration of wooden cupolas are formulated: prosthetics and strengthening of individual elements, the arrangement of duplicating and supporting elements, the complete reconstruction of the form with the preservation of the original design, the complete restoration of the form with a change in the original design.