Timbered Architecture in the Regions of the Walddeutsche Settlements

World Multidisciplinary Civil Engineering-Architecture-Urban Planning Symposium - WMCAUS

土木建筑工程

Hrehorowicz-Gaber, Hanna^1

Institute of Design of Cities and Regions, Department of Architecture of the Cracow University of Technology, Ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków

, Poland^1

关键词: Construction forms;    Cultural areas;    Cultural heritages;    Czech Republic;    Ethnic groups;    Lower Silesia;    Natural landscapes;    Wooden objects;   

Others  :  https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/245/5/052061/pdf
DOI  :  10.1088/1757-899X/245/5/052061

学科分类：土木及结构工程学

来源: IOP

【 摘 要 】

The centuries-old Polish history, its complicated fortunes and borders changing over the centuries have caused the cultural heritage to be a reflection of the fate of the inhabitants, the intermingling of ethnic groups and the common formation of the culture of the region. The cultural area of southern Poland is particularly full of layers, where diverse historical and geographical influences blend together. That is why the presence of the common construction type for the wooden objects on the two ends of southern Poland, in two different geographical realms, is such an interesting testimony of the Polish cultural melting pot. The main area of the occurrence of the timbered architecture is the borderland of Germany, the Czech Republic and Poland. This type of houses was built for the first time in the Middle Ages in the area of Upper Lusatia, then this type of housing has spread to northern Czech Republic and the western part of Lower Silesia. In Poland, there are two main clusters of the occurrence of timbered structures: in Lower Silesia and in the Subcarpathian province, where this type of buildings has been rooted with the German settlers, called the Walddeutsche in this area. The colonisation was also accompanied by the model of settlement village systems moved from the west, the development of the plot, and this specific type of construction. The architecture of the Jasielsko-Sanockie Valleys and the Dynowskie foothills is an interesting, though a very poor form in relation to the Sudeten houses, as the architecture non-recurring in other Polish regions has been formed as a result of the intermingling of the cultures. In this area, the houses and farm buildings with the timbered structures were used most often by farmers and they were not too impressive, so that the residents did not notice their uniqueness. Today, in the natural landscape, they disappear one by one, as a result of lack of maintenance and the replacement of the old materials with objects of a newer technology. Buildings preserved to this day should be under special protection, because due to the small number of such facilities and the lack of a natural continuation of construction forms by the representatives of the ethnic groups, they are relics of the Polish history.