The first time domain experiment with Swift: monitoring of seven nearby galaxies

14th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics

物理学;天文学

Andreoni, I.^1,2,3 ; D'Avanzo, P.^1 ; Campana, S.^1 ; Branchesi, M.^4,5 ; Bernardini, Mg^1 ; Delia Valle, M.^6,7 ; Mannucci, F.^8 ; Melandri, A.^1 ; Tagliaferri, G.^1

INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via E. Bianchi 46, Merate

23807, Italy^1

Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn

VIC

3122, Australia^2

Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, Milano

20133, Italy^3

INFN, Sezione di Firenze, via G. Sansone 1, Sesto Fiorentino

50029, Italy^4

Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, via A. Saffi 2, Urbino

61029, Italy^5

INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, salita Moiariello 16, Napoli

80131, Italy^6

ICRANET, Piazza della Repubblica 10, Pescara

65122, Italy^7

INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, largo E. Fermi 5, Firenze

50125, Italy^8

关键词: Blast waves;    Soft X-ray;    Swift satellites;    Time domain;   

Others  :  https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/718/7/072002/pdf
DOI  :  10.1088/1742-6596/718/7/072002

学科分类：天文学(综合)

来源: IOP

【 摘 要 】

We aimed to detect a supernova (SN) shock breakout (SBO) with observations in time domain. The SBO marks the first escape of radiation from the blast wave that breaks through the photosphere of the star and launches the SN ejecta, and peaks in the ultraviolet and soft X-ray bands. The detection of a SBO allows to determine the onset of the explosion with an accuracy from a few hours to a few seconds. Using the XRT and UVOT instruments onboard the Swift satellite we carried out a weekly cadenced, six months lasting monitoring of seven nearby (distance ≤ 50Mpc) galaxies, namely NGC1084, NGC2207/IC2163, NGC 2770, NGC4303/M61, NGC 3147, NGC 3690, NGC 6754. We searched for variable/transient sources in the collected data. We found no evidence for a SN SBO event, but we discovered five objects located within the light of the sample galaxies that are variable in the X-ray and/or in the UV. Our sample galaxies are within the Universe volume that will be reached by the forthcoming advanced gravitational waves (GW) detectors (a-LIGO/a-Virgo), thus this work provides an example on how to carry out Swift surveys useful to detect the GW signal from SNe, and to detect counterparts to GW triggers.