Potential of Biomass Utilization in Rotary Kiln of Nickel Processing Plant

Indonesia Malaysia Research Consortium Seminar 2018

Pamungkas, B.C.^1 ; Hadi, H.^1

Engineering Physics Department, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Indonesia^1

关键词: Biomass utilization;    Energy productions;    High heating values;    Iron-steel industries;    Nonmetallic minerals;    Palm kernel shells;    Processing plants;    Specific energy consumption;   

Others  :  https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/588/1/012006/pdf
DOI  :  10.1088/1757-899X/588/1/012006

来源: IOP

【 摘 要 】

Global energy-related CO2 emissions rose by 1.4% in 2017 and reached a historic high of 32.5 Gigatonnes (Gt). One of the biggest contributors to CO2 emission is coal combustion that emits 96.1 kg CO2 for each GJ energy production. Top consumers of coal in the world are the iron-steel industry (28.5%) and the non-metallic minerals (21.4%). Rotary kiln is one of the most energy consuming equipment in nickel pyro-metallurgy processing plant. The specific energy consumption for calcine production is determined to be 2.26 GJ/ton calcine. In the rotary kiln, coal is used as fuel and a reducing agent. Charcoal from palm kernel shell has similar characteristics with coal and very suitable to substitute coal. Charcoal from PKS has many advantages compared to other biomass: high fixed carbon content, high heating value, and low ash content. Charcoal from palm kernel shell can be used as fuel and a reducing agent. Potential 9.9% reduction of CO2 emission can be achieved by using 20% PKS charcoal as fuel and 5% PKS charcoal as a reducing agent with minimum impact on the current operation.