Background and Objetives: Hyperuricemia (HUA) and gout seriously influence patients’ qualityof life. The current study was performed to investigate the prevalence of HUA and gout and therelated risk factors in Chinese adults. Methods: Data were collected from the National Surveyof Thyroid Disorders and Diabetes (the Thyroid Disease, Iodine Status, and Diabetes NationalEpidemiological survey [TIDE]), a cross-sectional investigation conducted during 2015–2017.Using a random, multistage, and stratified sampling strategy, a representative sample (78,130participants aged 18 years and above) was selected from the general population in 31 provincesof mainland China. The weighted prevalence rates of HUA and gout were calculated, and therelated risk factors were analyzed. Results: The weighted prevalence rates of HUA and goutin Chinese adults were 17.7% and 3.2%, respectively. The prevalence of HUA in males linearlydecreased with age, while the prevalence in females showed the opposite trend (both P fortrend < 0.01). The prevalence rate of gout exhibited a rising tendency with age in both genders(both P for trend < 0.05). The HUA and gout prevalence rates in males were the highest in Hanand Tibetan nationalities, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that the morbiditiesof HUA and gout were differentially associated with age, residence location, nationality,smoking, and other complicating metabolic diseases in the two genders. Conclusions: Thereare relatively high prevalence rates of gout and HUA in China, which is currently a developingcountry. Reducing their burden has become an urgent issue for Chinese people.