There is limited information regarding hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IV and VI. This study examined the full donor chimerism, specific lysosomal enzyme levels, and the survival of different MPS children after HSCT from various donor sources and compared the prognosis. A total of 42 children with MPS underwent HSCT, 9 cases were type I, 14 were type II, 15 were type IV, and 4 were type VI. A total of 24 patients received peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) and 18 patients received umbilical cord blood (UCB). Patients who received PBSC were conditioned with intravenous (IV) busulfan every 6 h for a total of 16 doses, IV cyclophosphamide (CY, 200 mg/kg), and antihuman thymocyte globulin (ATG, 10 mg/kg). While conditioning regimen of patients who received UCB was adjusted to ATG (preposed, pre-) + busulfan + fludarabine + Cy, which includes IV ATG (pre-, 6 mg/kg), IV busulfan every 6 h for a total of 16 doses, IV fludarabine (200 mg/m 2 ) and CY (200 mg/kg). Also, 95.2% (40 of 42) of patients achieved full donor chimerism, and all patients’ specific lysosomal enzyme levels reached normal. The estimated overall survival (OS) at 1 year was 92.9%. There was no significant difference in 1-year OS between patients who received PBSC transplantation and those who received UCB grafts (87.5% vs. 100%, p = 0.0247). The incidence of acute and chronic GVHD did not differ between them. The incidences of pneumonia in PBSC recipients and UCB recipients were 45.8 and 33.3%, respectively, but there few patients suffering from respiratory failure (4.2 and 5.6%, respectively) due to pneumonia. The incidence of cytomegaloviremia was also high in both groups, 58.3 and 44.4% respectively, However, no patient developed CMV disease. All deaths (3 of 42) occurred in patients receiving PBSC grafts, and there was no death in patients receiving UCB grafts. There was no death after transplantation in patients with MPS IV and VI. In addition, respiratory and nervous system functions were improved, whereas valvular heart disease was improved in some patients but progressed in more patients after transplantation. In summary, HSCT is a good therapeutic option for MPS, not only for patients with MPS I or II but also for those with MPS IV or VI. The specific lysosomal enzyme levels can be completely restored to normal, which is the basis for patients to resolve a broad range of clinical outcomes. Moreover, UCB with suitable HLA (HLA-match above 7/10 and 4/6) is a suitable donor source for MPS. Patients who underwent UCB transplantation using the conditioning regimen ATG (pre-) + busulfan + fludarabine + Cy can achieve a higher proportion of full donor chimerism and survival with less severe complications. HSCT can improve organs function in patients with MPS, but it is still worth exploring.

Objectives The objectives of the study were to explore the effect of self-presentation and psychological needs on exercise dependence and to provide an essential reference for preventing and inhibiting the production of exercise dependence in overweight college students.

The space tether net capture system is a spacecraft system with a mounting tether net for capturing targets. It has the advantages of reusability and the adaptability to capture varying targets with different geometries or flying-motion statuses. However, due to its flexible tether net, the system shows strong nonlinearity, which makes it difficult to achieve the desired control performance for rapid and accurate maneuvering; moreover, this limits the ability of the tether net system to capture fast-moving targets. This paper focused on the maneuver controller design of the space capture system with a large flexible tether net. Firstly, based on the absolute node coordinate method, the dynamic model of the space tether net system is established, which can accurately describe the geometric and material nonlinearities of the space tether net. Then, a two-loop active disturbance rejection control is proposed for the rapid and high-precision maneuvering of the flexible system; meanwhile the second-order extended state observer is designed to estimate and compensate for the tether net vibration disturbance. The simulation validated the proposed control, which could complete the rapid and accurate maneuvering and also compensate for the disturbance caused by the vibration of the flexible tether net.

Flipped classroom as an instructional approach has gained increasing attention in English language teaching and learning, including English for Specific Purposes (ESP). This article examined a cohort of Chinese university students’ experiences of learning News English (an ESP-oriented course) through pre-class micro-lesson videos as part of flipped classroom. The data included task sheets accompanying the micro-lesson videos prepared by the teachers as well as interviews with the students about their learning experiences, think-aloud sessions and learning diaries. Adopting an Activity Theory perspective, we were able to identify notable differences between the teacher-designed pre-class activity system and the activity system actually experienced by the students. The study also demonstrated the complicating effect of students’ critical thinking disposition on the dynamics of their micro-lesson learning. The findings are discussed in relation to ESP teacher development, in particular regarding the development of technological pedagogical content knowledge for effective design and delivery of flipped classroom.

With the rapid development of the Internet and the normalization of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control, OHCs have gradually become one of the important ways for people to obtain health information, and users have to go through a series of information processing when facing the massive amount of data. Understanding the factors influencing user information processing is necessary to promote users' health literacy, health knowledge popularization and health behavior shaping. Based on the Heuristic-Systematic Model (HSM) and Information Ecology Theory, we constructed a model of factors influencing user information processing in online health communities. We found that information quality and emotional support had indirect effects on heuristic information processing and systemic information processing, and these effects were mediated by privacy concerns and self-efficacy. Systematic information processing was most positively influenced directly by self-efficacy, and privacy concerns had a direct negative effect on both dual information processing pathways. Therefore, in order to promote user information processing, OHCs managers should develop relevant regulations to manage the quality of community information, improve community privacy protection services, provide an excellent interactive atmosphere for users, and strengthen their sense of self-efficacy.

BackgroundClear aligners are well known for facilitating oral hygiene maintenance and decreasing susceptibility to periodontal diseases as compared to conventional fixed appliances. However, few research studies focus on the subgingival microbial community during clear aligner treatment (CAT). Hence, this study investigates changes of the subgingival microbial community and its association with clinical characteristics during the first three months of CAT.MethodsTen female patients with clear aligners were enrolled in this study. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained at three time points: before orthodontic treatment (T0), one month after orthodontic treatment (T1) and three months after orthodontic treatment (T2). DNA was then extracted from plaque samples and analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Periodontal examinations, including plaque index (PI) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) measurements were also recorded.ResultsThe plaque indices (PIs) and gingival bleeding indices (GBIs) were slightly increased at T1 and T2, but no statistically significant difference was found. The alpha diversity indices, including the ACE, Chao1, Shannon indices, all showed a declining trend without significance, and a rising trend in the Simpson diversity index was observed. The weighted UniFrac distance was significantly higher at T1 and T2 compared with T0. Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) demonstrated that the communities at T0 tended to cluster apart from the communities at T1 and T2. The relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes and genus Mycoplasma was significantly increased at T0 compared with T2. There was no significant difference in the relative abundance of periodontal pathogens at the genus and species levels or core microorganisms at the genus level.ConclusionA slightly decreasing microbial diversity with a significant change of microbial structure was found during the first three-month clear aligner treatment (CAT). However, subjects receiving clear aligner treatment were free from periodontal diseases with relatively stable levels of periodontal microorganisms and core microorganisms. Thus, our preliminary findings indicated that clear aligners induced nonpathogenic changes of the subgingival microbiome in the first three-month treatment.